199 research outputs found
The National Labour Policies in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy and of the European Economic Governance
No full textThe National Labour Policies in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy and of the European Economic Governance, by Silvia Borelli
The author presents the main priorities of the Europe 2020 strategy and the different steps of the European Semester of the European Economic Governance. The system of the European measures to solve the economic crisis is completed by the analysis of the “Six Pack”, the EuroPlus Pact and the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance. The author clarifies how the European Employment Strategy has been fully absorbed by the European Economic Governance. After considering some of the new European economic framework’s consequences on Member States’ labour policies and on social dialogue, the author focuses on the recent review of Italian labour policies, performed by European Commission as part of the European Semester
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli: The precursor of medial pivot concept in knee biomechanics
No full textA new philosophy of science and medicine had spread throughout the 17th-century Italy: the "Scientific Revolution." Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679) was one of the most charismatic and brilliant scientists of his generation in Europe. He extended to biology the rigorous analytic methods developed by his indirect mentor Galileo in the field of mechanics. In his masterpiece " De Motu Animalium ," Borelli analyzed structure, motion, balance, and forces concerning almost all the principal joints of the human body, in static and dynamic situations. In particular, he accurately studied the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint. He sustained that femoral condyles shift backward during flexion, allowing a wider range of movement. Furthermore, he observed that, when the knee flexes, the lateral condyle moves backward more than the medial condyle: this concept is nowadays known as medial pivoting. The aim of this article is to describe the life and work of this important Italian scientist and to present his unrecognized contribution to modern knee biomechanics
De motv animalivm, volume 1
No full textDe Motu Animalium seemingly constitutes the very first treatise on biomechanics. The author, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679), was professor of mathematics in Pisa, where he worked with Malighi who was professor of theoretical medicine and focused Borelli\u27s interest on the movements of living creatures. The work consists of two parts. In the first part Borelli analyses the action of the muscles, the movements of the limbs, and the activities of man and animals, including skating, running, jumping, swimming and flying. The second part deals with what is now called physiology, considered from the point of view of a mechanist: heart, blood circulation, breathing, separation of urine from blood in the kidneys, liver function, reproduction, fatigue, thirst, hunger, fever, and so on. The book shows Borelli to be a genial precursor. He expresses his opinion as a mathematician on problems which afterwards further stimulated the curiosity and endeavors of many generations of researchers
De motv animalivm, volume 2
No full textDe Motu Animalium seemingly constitutes the very first treatise on biomechanics. The author, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679), was professor of mathematics in Pisa, where he worked with Malighi who was professor of theoretical medicine and focused Borelli\u27s interest on the movements of living creatures. The work consists of two parts. In the first part Borelli analyses the action of the muscles, the movements of the limbs, and the activities of man and animals, including skating, running, jumping, swimming and flying. The second part deals with what is now called physiology, considered from the point of view of a mechanist: heart, blood circulation, breathing, separation of urine from blood in the kidneys, liver function, reproduction, fatigue, thirst, hunger, fever, and so on. The book shows Borelli to be a genial precursor. He expresses his opinion as a mathematician on problems which afterwards further stimulated the curiosity and endeavors of many generations of researchers
Parlando di Welfare e barbarie, oggi
No full textStarting from a short presentation of the increasing inequality generated by European economic governance and law on freedom of movement, the author furnishes two examples of how European Union could contrast this tendency. The Ryanair case demonstrates that, in order to promote equality and respect the growth and stability pact, the law applicable to employment relationship should be determined applying objective criteria, so that the employer cannot circumvent his obligations. In the case of childcare, the author arguments on the feasible measures that European legislator and European courts could adopt so as to establish binding minimum standards and guarantee social rights
Giustizia sociale e liberalizzazione del commercio internazionale
No full textThe author reflects about the overthrow, occurred in the last two decays, of the legal principles ruling international exchanges. The liberalization of exchanges has become as such a value, contrary to the principles of social justice included in the Philadelphia Declaration of 1944. Economic competition has become the ultimate purpose of each legal order, according to the dogma of the expansion as an absolute value achievable only by a globalized competition. This normative schizophrenia, which separates economic and social dimension of the process of globalization, could be surmounted only restoring social justice as founding principle of international trade. In this perspective, liberalization is only one possible instrument to attain the aim of social justice. In order to abridge the difference between the rights of companies, which can be exerted at international level, and the rights of workers, which remain confined at domestic scope, the author proposes to create an "international social citizenship" as a corollary of free circulation of capitals and goods
Generating Whole-Arm Avoidance Motion Through Localized Proximity Sensing
No full textThis article presents a novel control algorithm for robotic manipulators in unstructured environments using proximity sensors partially distributed on the platform. The proposed approach exploits arrays of multizone Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors to generate a sparse point cloud representation of the robot’s surroundings. By employing computational geometry techniques, we fuse the knowledge of robot’s geometric model with ToFs sensory feedback to generate whole-arm motion tasks. This allows to move both sensorized and nonsensorized links in response to unpredictable events such as moving obstacles. In particular, the proposed algorithm computes the pair of closest points between the environment cloud and the robot links, generating a reactive avoidance motion that is implemented as the highest priority task in a two-level hierarchical architecture. The algorithm allows the robot to move safely in unstructured environments, even without complete sensorization over the whole surface. Experimental validation demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in different operating scenarios, achieving comparable performances with respect to well established control techniques that rely on large area sensing architectures. We validate the approach on a human–robot interaction task involving 20 participants. In addition, we carry out a computational load analysis of the proposed algorithms. Our approach shows improvements in the distance margin between the robot and the environment up to 100 mm, due to the rendering of virtual avoidance tasks on nonsensorized links
Tecniche di regolazione delle organizzazioni complesse e disciplina lavoristica
No full textAfter having presented the different approaches to regulate the economic complex organisation, the author explains why the functional approach only is able to detect the different levels where a power is exerted, and the types of interdependences inside these organisations. The second part of the essay illustrates the consequences that the adoption of the functional approach to regulate economic complex organisation can produce on Italian Labour Law
Who cares? La (mancanza di) dignità sociale per il lavoro di cura
No full textStarting from Stella La Forgia’s analysis on fundamental rights and social dignity, the Author
clarifies the strong interdependency between the recognition and the effective protection
of the right to care and the guarantee of the care workers’rights. In the DIY welfare,
that has developed due to the reduction of the public welfare, the capacity to fulfil people
needs depends on the cost restraint of care work. For this purpose, the State has set up a
special regulation that considers the care work as a “gig work” and deprives the care
workers of almost all rights guaranteed to employees. In this context, social dignity has
been reduced to mere rhetoric
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