46 research outputs found
Neoromicia Roberts 1926
No full textNEOROMICIA ROBERTS, 1926 Synonymy Vesperugo Bocage, 1889 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Vespertilio Thomas, 1901 (part, not Linnaeus, 1758). Eptesicus G. M. Allen, 1911 (part, not Rafinesque, 1820). Pipistrellus Zammarano, 1930 (part, not Kaup, 1829). Complete synonymic histories for the species of Neoromicia are given in the African Chiroptera report (AfricanBats NPC, 2019).Published as part of Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C, Dalton, Desire L, Webala, Paul W, Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C & Patterson, Bruce D, 2020, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, pp. 1-33 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 190 on page 14, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087, http://zenodo.org/record/445142
Figure 2 in A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species
No full textFigure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of intergeneric relationships of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences of Vespertilionidae. The phylogeny was inferred in IQ-TREE, and its topology was similar to the Bayesian phylogeny calculated in MRBAYES. Bootstrap (BS) values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) are indicated adjacent to nodes (those nodes with both BS <70% and PP <0.95 are not labelled).Published as part of <i>Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C, Dalton, Desire L, Webala, Paul W, Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C & Patterson, Bruce D, 2020, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, pp. 1-33 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 190</i> on page 8, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4451420">http://zenodo.org/record/4451420</a>
Laephotis Thomas 1901
No full textLAEPHOTIS THOMAS, 1901 Synonymy Vespertilio A. Smith, 1829 (part, not Linnaeus, 1758). Hypsugo Kolenati, 1860 (part, not Kolenati, 1856). Scotophilus Thomas, 1861 (part, not Leach, 1821). Vesperugo Dobson, 1878 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Vesperus Jentink, 1887 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Eptesicus Matschie, 1897 (part, not Rafinesque,1820). Scabrifer G.M. Allen, 1908. Rhinopterus G.M. Allen, 1939 (part, not Miller, 1906). Pipistrellus Heller & Volleth, 1984 (part, not Kaup, 1829). Nycterikaupius (part, not Menu, 1987). Neoromicia Volleth et al., 2001 (part, not Roberts, 1926). Complete synonymic histories for the species of Laephotis are given in the African Chiroptera report (AfricanBats NPC, 2019). Description: This genus was originally created for the species Laephotis wintoni Thomas, 1901, with the name referring to the large ‘sail-like’ ears of that species. A second, closely related species with large ears was described a quarter of a century later, Lae. angolensis Monard 1935, and two more species by Setzer in 1971: Lae. botswanae and Lae. namibensis. The baculum (1.5–2.0 mm in length) of Laephotis as defined herein is shorter than in Pseudoromicia and similar in length to that of Neoromicia and Afronycteris. It has a characteristic shape, with a bilobed base, straight shaft and a spatulate tip that is at an angle of ~45° to the shaft (Fig. 5A). Based on our genetic and morphometric analyses presented above, we have expanded further this genus to include the following species: Lae. capensis (A. Smith, 1829), Lae. matroka (Thomas & Schwann, 1905), Lae. robertsi (Goodman et al., 2012), Lae. malagasyensis (Peterson et al., 1995) and Lae. stanleyi (Goodman et al., 2017). Laephotis is readily distinguished by its bacular morphology (Hill & Harrison, 1987). It is easily separated from Afronycteris based on external features (for details, see the account of Afronycteris). This genus may also be distinguished from Neoromicia by its larger size. Furthermore, the cranium is more robust in Laephotis and obviously flattened compared with Neoromicia and Pseudoromicia. Laephotis also lacks the white wings of Pseudoromicia and is mostly associated with arid savannas and grasslands. Of the nine species that we recognize in this genus, all except the one we describe here are restricted to eastern and southern Africa and Madagascar, and none is associated with rainforests of tropical Africa.Published as part of Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C, Dalton, Desire L, Webala, Paul W, Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C & Patterson, Bruce D, 2020, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, pp. 1-33 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 190 on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087, http://zenodo.org/record/445142
Supplementary Material from <strong>Onditi, K. O., Song, W., Li, X., Musila, S., Chen, Z., Li, Q., Mathenge, J., Kioko, E., & Jiang, X. (2023). Untangling key abiotic predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity patterns across ecoregions and species groups in Kenya. Ecological Indicators, 154, 110595. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110595 </strong>
No full textSupplementary material associated with the manuscript 'Onditi, K. O., Song, W., Li, X., Musila, S., Chen, Z., Li, Q., Mathenge, J., Kioko, E., & Jiang, X. (2023). Untangling key abiotic predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity patterns across ecoregions and species groups in Kenya. Ecological Indicators, 154, 110595. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110595'
File Description
§ Fig 1.RData - Fig 5.RData: RData formatted files containing scripts and ready plots corresponding to figures in the manuscript.
§ Fig S1.RData - Fig S8.RData: RData formatted files containing scripts and ready plots corresponding to the supplementary figures in the manuscript; these also correspond to the '§ SuppInfo: Fig S1 – Fig S8' below.
§ Script 1 - ... .R - Script 5 - ... .R: R scripts for processing and analyzing data used in the study. These include scripts for; 1) Preparation of community, metadata, phylogeny, and traits datasets, 2) Deriving Diversity indices, 3) Regression model selection, and 4) Regression model implementations used for analyzing diversity-predictor associations.
§ SuppInfo: Fig S1 – Fig S8: Supplementary figures (Fig S1: Bivariate correlations between the abiotic variables, Fig S2: Comparison of different regression model performance for three model algorithms, Fig S3: The distribution of various terrestrial mammal diversity indices in Kenya for the grid-based analyses, Fig S4: Map of the distribution of terrestrial mammals in Kenya based on multiple diversity indices), Fig S5: Bivariate associations between diversity indices, Fig S6: Alluvial plots’ of associations between predictors, diversity indices, and ecoregions, Fig S7: Point-error bar plots of associations between diversity variances and abiotic predictors, Fig S8: Regression trend lines of human footprint effect on diversity indices
§ SuppInfo: Table S1. An extended account of section 2 Material and Methods.
§ SuppInfo: Table S2: The terrestrial mammal species, showing taxonomic details and functional traits used in the study.
§ SuppInfo: Table S3. The variables used as abiotic predictors of terrestrial mammal diversity patterns in Kenya.
§ SuppInfo: Table S4. Summary of regression model results exploring the association between abiotic predictors and various diversity indices of terrestrial mammals in Kenya between species groups and ecoregions.
§ SuppInfo: Table S5. Summary of regression model results exploring the association between human footprint and various diversity indices of terrestrial mammals in Kenya between species groups and ecoregions.</p
Architectural work of Čeněk Musil
No full textkatedra: KFL;The diploma thesis deals with the work of a significant architect Čeněk Musil, who has stigmatized the architectural shape of Jičín in the first half of the 20th century, both aesthetically and from the perspective of Art history. It also summarizes the urban development of the Jičín town from the time of its foundation. It deals with the situation of Czech architecture at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, and mentions main representatives of particular build, whose work affected Čeněk Musil. The thesis also mentions some significant buildings of modern architecture, which are situated in Jičín. The fundamental subject of the diploma is the person of Čeněk Musil. The thesis summarizes his life, architectonic and urban work. In the final part of the diploma the author suggests a sight-seeing tour through Musil's Jičín, that can be used by secondary school teachers.Práce pojednává o dílu významného architekta Čeňka Musila, který během první poloviny 20. století natrvalo poznamenal architektonickou tvář Jičína, z estetického a uměleckohistorického aspektu. Shrnuje rovněž urbanistický vývoj města Jičína od jeho založení. Pojednává o situaci české architektury konce 19. a první poloviny 20. století a zmiňuje hlavní představitele jednotlivých slohů, jejichž působení mělo vliv na architekta Musila. Práce rovněž zmiňuje některé významné stavby moderní architektury nacházející se v Jičíně. Stěžejním tématem práce je osobnost architekta Čeňka Musila. Práce shrnuje jeho život, dílo architektonické a práci urbanistickou. V závěru práce autorka navrhuje příklad vlastivědné procházky Musilovým Jičínem, který může být užit učiteli 2.stupně
Pseudoromicia nyanza MONADJEM, PATTERSON, WEBALA & DEMOS 2020, SP. NOV.
No full textPSEUDOROMICIA NYANZA MONADJEM, PATTERSON, WEBALA & DEMOS SP.NOV. NYANZA SEROTINE LSID: http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 71737F08-2938-4403-8385-5438B2E5EABE Neoromicia tenuipinnis Patterson & Webala (2012). Neoromicia tenuipinnis Musila et al. (2019). Neoromicia tenuipinnis Rydell et al. (2020). Holotype: FMNH 215626, field number BDP 5719. This specimen was collected on 8 January 2012 by Bruce D. Patterson, Paul W. Webala and Carl W. Dick. It is an adult male, formalin-fixed and preserved in ethanol. Its skull has been extracted and cleaned, its glans penis removed and the baculum stained and extracted. Muscle tissue was also preserved in liquid nitrogen at the time of capture. Type locality: Kisumu Impala Sanctuary, State Lodge Campsite, Kisumu County (formerly Nyanza province), Kenya, at an elevation of 1130 m above sea level; geographical coordinates: 0.10961°S, 34.74593°E (Fig. 1). The sanctuary borders both Lake Victoria and Kenya’s fifth largest city, Kisumu, and is only 0.34 km 2 in area. Vegetation consisted of open parkland, shortstatured trees and shrubs. Paratypes: Four other individuals (FMNH 215625, FMNH 215627, FMNH 215628 and FMNH 215629), all females, were collected at the same location and on the same night as the holotype and closely resemble it genetically (Fig. 3B) and morphologically (Tables 5–7), qualifying them as paratypes. Etymology: This species is named after the region where it was found, Nyanza, which derives from the Bantu word for ‘large body of water’. Covering nearly 60 000 km 2, Lake Victoria surely qualifies. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Diagnosis: This is a medium-sized member of the genus Pseudoromicia, with a mean forearm length of 31.2 mm (Table 5) and greatest skull length of 12.96 mm (Table 6). It is genetically distinct from all other Pseudoromicia species (Fig. 3B). Furthermore, it is readily distinguished from the dark-winged members of this genus (Pse. roseveari, Pse. brunnea and Pse. kityoi) by its white wings. It can be distinguished from Pse. rendalli by its smaller size (mostly non-overlapping forearm length and craniodental measurements (Tables 5–7) and weakly bicuspid I 1 (unicuspid in Pse. rendalli). It is significantly larger than Pse. tenuipinnis, with hardly any overlapping external and craniodental measurements (Tables 5–7); furthermore, its dorsal fur is medium brown and bicoloured (dark brown and unicoloured in Pse. tenuipinnis). It is most like Pse. isabella in size and external appearance, but that species has rusty tips to the fur on its upper parts, whereas Pse. nyanza has white-tipped hairs. The taxon Eptesicus ater J. A. Allen, 1917, which was described from north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, is currently considered a synonym of Pse. tenuipinnis (Simmons, 2005) and is far smaller than Pse. nyanza, with a reported total length of 68 mm. Furthermore, Pse. tenuipinnis has ‘brownish black’ fur on its back (Allen et al., 1917), contrasting with the light-tipped fur of Pse. nyanza. Description: External characters: Pseudoromicia nyanza is a medium-sized pipistrelle-like bat with white patagial and uropatagial membranes (Fig. 8B). The dorsal pelage is medium brown with white-tipped hairs over most of the back. The ventral hairs are pure white with a dark base. The ears are short and rounded, and the tragus is broad and truncated, as in Pse. tenuipinnis (Monadjem et al., 2013). Craniodental characters: The skull is relatively gracile, as in Pse. tenuipinnis and Pse. isabella. In lateral profile, the cranium slopes gently up from the rostrum to the top of the braincase. There is no occipital ‘helmet’, and the sagittal and lambdoidal crests are absent. The zygomatic arches are fragile, as in Pse. tenuipinnis and Pse. isabella (Fig. 10). The dentition in Pse. nyanza is typical of the genus, with I 2/3, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 2/3. In the upper tooth row, I 1 is weakly but distinctly bicuspid and I 2 is moderate in size, slightly more than half the length of I 1. The P 1 is absent, putting C in contact with P 2. The m3 is myotodont sensu Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013). Biology: Judging by how frequently this species is captured, it is common west of the Rift Valley in Kenya (B. D. Patterson & P. W. Webala, personal observation). It seems to prefer forest-edge habitats and avoids the forest interior (Rydell et al., 2020,Published as part of Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C, Dalton, Desire L, Webala, Paul W, Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C & Patterson, Bruce D, 2020, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, pp. 1-33 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 190 on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087, http://zenodo.org/record/445142
facilitates a competitively subordinate plant ant in Kenya
No full textBiological invasions can lead to the reassembly of communities and understanding and predicting the impacts of exotic species on community structure and functioning are a key challenge in ecology. We investigated the impact of a predatory species of invasive ant, Pheidole megacephala, on the structure and function of a foundational mutualism between Acacia drepanolobium and its associated acacia-ant community in an East African savanna. Invasion by P. megacephala was associated with the extirpation of three extrafloral nectar-dependent Crematogaster acacia ant species and strong increases in the abundance of a competitively subordinate and locally rare acacia ant species, Tetraponera penzigi, which does not depend on host plant nectar. Using a combination of long-term monitoring of invasion dynamics, observations and experiments, we demonstrate that P. megacephala directly and indirectly facilitates T. penzigi by reducing the abundance of T. penzigi’s competitors (Crematogaster spp.), imposing recruitment limitation on these competitors, and generating a landscape of low-reward host plants that favor colonization and establishment by the strongly dispersing T. penzigi. Seasonal variation in use of host plants by P. megacephala may further increase the persistence of T. penzigi colonies in invaded habitat. The persistence of the T. penzigi–A. drepanolobium symbiosis in invaded areas afforded host plants some protection against herbivory by elephants (Loxodonta africana), a key browser that reduces tree cover. However, elephant damage on T. penzigi-occupied trees was higher in invaded than in uninvaded areas, likely owing to reduced T. penzigi colony size in invaded habitats. Our results reveal the mechanisms underlying the disruption of this mutualism and suggest that P. megacephala invasion may drive long-term declines in tree cover, despite the partial persistence of the ant–acacia symbiosis in invaded areas.Fil: Palmer, Todd M.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Riginos, Corinna. The Nature Conservancy; Estados Unidos. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Milligan, Patrick D.. University of Florida; Estados Unidos. Mpala Research Centre; KeniaFil: Hays, Brandon R.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Wyoming; Estados UnidosFil: Pietrek, Alejandro Gerardo. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Florida; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Maiyo, Nelly J.. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Mutisya, Samuel. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Gituku, Benard. Ol Pejeta Conservancy; KeniaFil: Musila, Simon. National Museums of Kenya; KeniaFil: Carpenter, Scott. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Goheen, Jacob R.. Mpala Research Centre; Kenia. University of Wyoming; Estados Unido
Knowledge and Perceptions of, and Attitudes to, Bats by People Living around Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Malindi-Kenya
No full textAfronycteris MONADJEM, PATTERSON & DEMOS 2020, GEN. NOV.
No full textAFRONYCTERIS MONADJEM, PATTERSON & DEMOS GEN . NOV. LSID: http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 71737F08-2938-4403-8385-5438B2E5EABE Synonymy Vespertilio Peters, 1852 (part, not Linnaeus, 1758). Hypsugo Kolenati, 1860 (part, not Kolenati, 1856). Vesperugo Dobson, 1875 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839). Pipistrellus Miller, 1900 (part, not Kaup, 1829). Myotis Matschie, 1907 (part, not Kaup, 1829). Neoromicia Shortridge, 1934 (part, not Roberts, 1926). Eptesicops Roberts, 1951 (part, not Roberts, 1926). Complete synonymic histories for the species placed herein in Afronycteris are given in the African Chiroptera report (AfricanBats NPC, 2019). as Neo. tenuipinnis). However, its distribution beyond western Kenya is not known. It seems to be associated with the high plateau of western Kenya, which extends into eastern Uganda; presumably, it also occurs there. Thorn & Kerbis Peterhans (2009) recorded ‘ Pipistrellus tenuipinnis ’ as occurring widely in Uganda. The cranial measurements of specimens from Budongo, Entebbe and Sango Bay (at elevations similar to those we report from Kenya) all fall neatly within the range of Pse. nyanza and are generally larger than those for Pse. tenuipinnis. It would be instructive to re-examine these specimens (in the collections of the BMNH and LACM) to confirm their identities and help to determine the western limits of the distribution of Pse. nyanza. However, records from the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo apparently refer to true Pse. tenuipinnis, owing to their small size, with total length ‘about 72 mm’ (Allen et al., 1917). We speculate that, despite the limited geographical range of Pse. nyanza (even if Uganda is included), this species is currently not threatened because it survives in human-altered habitats, and therefore we recommend the IUCN conservation status of ‘Least Concern’. The type specimen echolocated at a peak frequency (start and end frequencies) of 40.4 kHz (56.4–39.3 kHz). The mean (± SD) peak frequency for 16 individuals at the type locality was 40.4 ± 0.84 kHz (55.1 ± 7.91 to 39.5 ± 0.68 kHz). Type species: Afronycteris nana (Peters, 1852). Included species: Afronycteris helios (Heller, 1912). Etymology: From the Greek word νυχτερίδα, bat, and the prefix Afro- referring to the African continent, referring to the wide distribution of the type species A. nana. This species ranges, without obvious breaks in distribution, from Senegal in the west, east to Ethiopia and south to South Africa, being absent only from the more arid desert and semi-desert environments associated with the Sahara, Sahel and Chalbi Desert in the north and the Namib and Kalahari deserts in the south-west (Happold, 2013a). Diagnosis: Small-sized vespertilionids with the simple muzzle characteristic of this family. The cranium in lateral view is distinctly inflated, more so than any other member of the tribe Vespertilionini. The tragus is characteristically hatchet shaped, with the posterior margin having an abrupt angle and lacking a notch at its base, as illustrated by Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013). The tragi of Laephotis, Neoromicia and Pseudoromicia all have a notch at the base of the posterior margin. The pelage of the upper and under parts is bicoloured, with the basal portion of each hair darker than the terminal portion. There is a distinct thumbpad at the base of the thumb, thought to be useful in climbing on smooth leaves. The outer incisor I 2 is well developed, reaching almost the same length as the I 1, the latter being slightly bicuspid or unicuspid; in Laephotis, Neoromicia and Pseudoromicia, I 2 is typically half the length of I 1 or shorter. The P 1 is present and relatively large, whereas this tooth is absent in Laephotis, Neoromicia (except Neo. bemainty and Neo. anchietae) and Pseudoromicia. The baculum (~2.0 mm in length) is shorter than in Pseudoromicia and similar in length to that of Laephotis and Neoromicia. It has a distinctly and deeply bilobed base and a gently curved shaft leading to a spatulate tip (Fig. 5D). Distribution: This genus is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, probably occurring in suitable habitats across its wide range. It occurs throughout the Upper Guinea rainforest zone, extending northward into Sudanian savanna, possibly extending into the Sahel along major rivers and wetlands (Happold, 2013a). It occurs throughout mesic portions of Central and East Africa, but records are sparser in the Horn of Africa (Lanza et al., 2015). It is widespread in the wetter parts of southern Africa, avoiding the dry southwestern region of South Africa, much of Botswana and Namibia (Monadjem et al., 2010). Systematic relationships: Afronycteris is sister to Pseudoromicia, but the two genera can be distinguished easily by external characteristics, cranial features and the shape of the baculum (see ‘Diagnosis’ above for details).Published as part of Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C, Dalton, Desire L, Webala, Paul W, Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C & Patterson, Bruce D, 2020, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, pp. 1-33 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 190 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087, http://zenodo.org/record/445142
Invertebrates Diversity in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and Nearby Farmland at Gede, Kilifi County, Kenya
No full textInsectivorous bats mainly feed on various types of invertebrates. The authors studied the abundance and diversity of invertebrates in the farmland in the eastern part of Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, mainly to assess their availability to insectivorous bats occurring in the two study sites. Solar powered light traps were used to attract aerial invertebrates to a white suspended cloth sheet used as a landing surface. The sampling was conducted for four hours in one trapping station each night, and in twelve different stations both in the ASF and farmland. A total of 6,557 invertebrates individuals were trapped, which included 48% in ASF and 52% in the farmland. The two most common invertebrate orders were Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps and sawflies) represented by 38.1%, and Coleoptera (beetles, 28.1%). The interior of ASF had higher invertebrate species diversity (Shannon-Weiner index 1.72 ± 0.1), than the farmland (1.41 ± 0.1). Although the farmland (260.5 ± 52.9, N=12) had higher mean number of invertebrates trapped per night, than the interior of ASF (200.3 ± 36.4, N=12), there was no significant difference between the medians of invertebrates captured in the two study areas (Mann-Whitney U-Test, U=61: P>0.544). Thus, the farmland and the interior of ASF had the same invertebrate abundance. This study indicates the value of human-modified areas (agricultural and human settlements) landscapes, always ignored in biodiversity surveys, in sustaining diverse invertebrates that are preyed by different species of insectivorous bats that occur in the two study areas
