1,721,044 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Physical alterations to erythrocytes following sublethal mechanical stresses
No full textMechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, extracorporeal membrane oxygenators, and dialysis machines are mechanical systems designed to replace and/or support the functionality of specific biological organs. These devices have been extensively developed over recent decades and are increasingly utilised in acute and chronic care, greatly improving patient outcomes and extending survival. Given these devices integrate into the human vasculature, the efficacy of mechanical circulation depends on: successful surgical implantation and infection prevention, long-term functional performance without mechanical failure, and biological compatibility minimising damaging interactions with blood (i.e., haemocompatibility). With improved device design, many current generation MCS devices have the capacity to adequately meet the required functional demands of associated biological organs, operating within parameters that avoid overt haemolysis and other extremes of inadequate haemocompatibility. Nevertheless, unfortunately the use of MCS remains plagued with severe secondary systemic complications which implicate impaired blood health and a functional decline of blood flow. While many precipitating determinants of these secondary complications remain unresolved, the accumulating clinical evidence indicates that the current haemocompatibility criteria is insufficient in predicting declines in blood function without the development of haemolysis (i.e., sublethal damage). Blood trauma may be induced by non-physiological flow environments, largely due to elevated shear forces, turbulence, and collision with other cellular and artificial surfaces within MCS. Consequently, fragmentation of red blood cells (RBCs), shortened cell life-spans, and decreased cell function may be observed at microvascular levels, leading to the development of acute tissue ischaemia, propagating chronic systemic complications (e.g., multi-system organ failure – where mortality is unavoidable). While there is need for improved, more sensitive, markers of haemocompatibility that can detect declining RBC function in non-haemolysed blood, only limited studies have investigated this sublethal trauma. The aim of the present dissertation was to mechanistically elucidate how non-physiological shear environments, typical of MCS, can adversely affect blood function and flow independent of haemolysis, leading to the development of multi-system organ failure and death. The dissertation provides a comprehensive discussion into the haemorheological alterations that occur following exposure of blood to shear stresses that are supraphysiological (i.e., >10 Pa) and subhaemolytic (i.e., less than that required to induce haemolysis), providing novel characterisation and avenues for future inspection. The findings of the current dissertation greatly enhance the understanding of the processes involved in the accumulation of functional blood damage observed in MCS, while progressing current understanding of red cell physiology. Further, the collective findings may in part explain current clinical complications associated with the use of MCS, possibly identifying rheological aetiologies for ischaemic complications, angiodysplasia, and the vascular related incidence of neurological complications. The collective studies conceivably provide the basis for the development of a more sensitive and holistic indicator of haemocompatibility, while facilitating the development of numerical models that will allow in silico optimisation that will rapidly accelerate the advancement of future MCS devices. Understanding the haemorheological interactions associated with blood trauma will also assist the clinical management of current patients exposed to various forms of mechanical circulation, providing potential avenues for targeted rheological pharmacotherapy and improved patient care.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School Allied Health SciencesGriffith HealthFull Tex
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Vascular and Haemorheological Responses following Acute Exercise in Lean and Active women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
No full textPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is suggested to be largely due to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is typically represented as an impaired vasodilatory response to an appropriate shear stimulus which is dictated by the flow of blood and its components as well as vessel diameter. Notably, both vascular and haemorheological parameters have been well-documented to improve following long-term exercise in many disease states that share similar characteristics to PCOS. As such, high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness have been associated with healthy vascular function and blood characteristics in various populations. In contrast to long-term exercise, vascular and haemorheological responses to acute exercise would provide insight into the mechanisms that may stimulate beneficial long-term exercise-induced adaptions. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the vascular and haemorheological responses in PCOS to two acute exercise bouts (moderate and heavy-intensity) compared to controls matched for cardiorespiratory fitness. The findings of the present study may provide an understanding to the influence of exercise training on vascular function and haemorheology in women with PCOS and whether prolonged adaptations or impairments to these variables are observed in this population.
Methods: Endothelial function and haemorheological measurements were performed at baseline and following moderate and heavy-intensity exercise in eight women with PCOS (age: 26 ± 4 years) and ten controls (age: 28 ± 6 years), matched for BMI (23.8 ± 3.1; 21.2 ± 3.1 kg·m-2) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2max: 39.33 ± 6.07; 40.70 ± 5.74 mL·kg-1·min-1). Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and normalised for the shear stimulus (FMD:SRAUC). FMD variables measured at baseline and following exercise were expressed as absolute and magnitude in change values. Haemorheology was assessed by measurement of blood viscosity (at native and standardised haematocrit), red blood cell (RBC) aggregation (at native and standardised haematocrit), plasma viscosity and RBC deformability. Cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic, hormone and cardiovascular profiles were also assessed.
Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences in FMD variables between groups, however RBC aggregation indices in both native and standardised haematocrit (p = 0.001) and plasma viscosity (p = 0.026) were elevated in PCOS women compared to controls. FMD and haemorheological parameters were not different between groups following moderate-intensity exercise (p > 0.05). Following heavy-intensity exercise, the baseline to post-exercise change in SRAUC (p = 0.04) and SR max (p = 0.009) were significantly greater in women with PCOS compared to controls. In contrast, women with PCOS demonstrated a significantly lower baseline to post exercise change in FMD:SRAUC (p = 0.021) following heavy-intensity exercise in comparison to controls.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that at rest, women with PCOS exhibited preserved vascular function, however haemorheology (as demonstrated by elevations in RBC aggregation and plasma viscosity) was altered despite being young, healthy weight and fit. Furthermore, vascular reactivity was similar between groups following moderate-intensity exercise. In contrast, women with PCOS demonstrated an altered vasodilatory response in comparison to controls following heavy-intensity exercise. These findings provide new evidence that despite being young, lean and fit, women with PCOS exhibit altered baseline haemorheology parameters and an altered vasodilatory response to heavy-intensity exercise ─ factors that can further exacerbate endothelial dysfunction, potentially increasing the risk of CVD.Thesis (Masters)Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)School of Medical ScienceGriffith HealthFull Tex
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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