577 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Impact of an affirmative action on female CS/SE undergraduate enrollment
No full textYearly enrollment data for the CS/SE program at the FCF
What Mothers Want: Workplace Flexibility in the Twenty-First Century
No full textIn 2008, the Alfred P. Sloan Workplace, Workforce, and Working Families Program funded a multiple methods research project involving surveys, in-depth interviews, and observational research of mothers’ group members’ attitudes on workplace flexibility. The organizations included in this analysis were Mothers of Preschoolers (MOPS), the National Association of Mothers’ Centers (NAMC), Mocha Moms, MomsRising, and Mothers & More. This report presents the first set of preliminary findings from the survey component of the project that was conducted from April-June 2009.Grant report on the survey component of funded research, submitted to Dr. Kathleen Christensen, Workplace, Workforce, and Working Families Program, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, New York, N.Y
The Effect of New Jersey Lottery Promotions on Consumer Demand and State Profits
No full textWe estimate elasticities of demand for New Jersey’s Pick 3 and Pick 4 midday/evening numbers games by exploiting random price variation generated by episodic promotions for each game. These Pick 3 Green Ball and Pick 4 Red Ball promotions lower the price of a lottery ticket for an evening numbers game by increasing prize payments during the 28-day promotion periods. The own-price elasticities of demand for the evening Pick 3 and Pick 4 games are both approximately -0.5. During the promotions, the loss in profit margins outweighs the gain in sales because of this inelastic demand. However, the combined effects of lower evening Pick 3 profits and increased sales of complementary products boost lottery profits by 840,000 during the 28 days of the Green Ball promotion, while the combined effects of lower evening Pick 4 profits and reduced sales of substitute products decrease lottery profits by 3.61 million during the 28 days of the Red Ball promotion. If higher sales after the promotion are included, the total increase in profits potentially reaches $14.48 million under the Green Ball game, while the Red Ball promotion loses money for the lottery even considering its positive lagged effect.Peer reviewedThis is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Eastern Economic Journal. The definitive publisher-authenticated version (Combs, Kathryn L., Jocelyn Elise Crowley, and John A. Spry, "The Effect of New Jersey Lottery Promotions on Consumer Demand and State Profits," Eastern Economic Journal (2014) 40, 326–348. doi:10.1057/eej.2013.39) is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/eej.2013.39
Once bitten, twice shy? Gender differences in the remarriage decision after a gray divorce
No full textGray divorces, or divorces at and over the age of 50, are increasing in the United States. This article explores this population’s interest in remarrying after a divorce by sex within the context of a prospective, role exit theoretical framework. In-depth, qualitative interviews with 40 women and 39 men who have experienced a gray divorce were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. There were significant gender differences with respect to receptivity to remarriage among those who had undergone a gray divorce. More specifically, the most common theme expressed by women involved firmly rejecting remarriage as a part of their futures. The remaining themes articulated by women were conditional pro-remarriage views and then even less commonly, unconditional pro-remarriage views. In contrast, the most common theme among men was that they remained very open to remarriage, either unconditionally or under specified conditions; only a small number rejected the prospect entirely. These findings highlight the differences in the remarriage decision from both the female and male perspectives for this population.Peer reviewe
Does everything fall apart? Life assessments following a gray divorce
No full textThe divorce-stress-adjustment theoretical framework emphasizes the negative consequences associated with marital dissolution, but also the positive outcomes that can eventually emerge after former spouses part ways. This study aims to examine the subjective life assessments of the heterosexual gray divorced population within the first three years of their marital splits with respect to this framework. Qualitative data based on 66 in-depth interviews of the gray divorced population were collected and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Negative consequences of gray divorce included financial worries and loneliness. However, participants also identified positive aspects of their new lives, including higher levels of overall happiness, liberation from their ex-spouses, and enhanced independence and freedom. These results show that immediately after their marriages dissolve, members of the gray divorced population experience complex reactions in accordance with the divorce-stress-adjustment framework. More specifically, these men and women see both challenges and opportunities after their gray divorces.Peer reviewe
Gray Divorce: Explaining Mid-life Marital Splits
No full textRecent research suggests that 1 out of every 4 divorces in the United States is now “gray,” meaning that at least one half of the couple has reached the age of 50 when the marriage breaks down. To understand why this age group—the Baby Boomer generation—is splitting up, this study conducted 40 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with men and 40 with women who have experienced a gray divorce in their lifetimes. Respondents’ beliefs in an expressive individualistic model of marriage, where partnerships are only valuable if they help individuals achieve personal growth, were compared against their potential adherence to what I call a commitment-based model of marriage, where binding, romantic love holds couples together unless there is severe relationship strain. The results demonstrated that the commitment-based model most strongly governs marriage and the decision to divorce among Baby Boomers for both sexes, although some specific reasons for divorce differ for men and women.Peer reviewe
Unpacking the power of the Mommy Wars
No full textIn recent years, Mommy Wars discourse, or an expressed judgment between mothers who work for pay and those who stay at home with their children, has emerged as a significant part of American culture. Yet knowledge about both its substantive underpinnings as well as the breadth of its influence across sociodemographic groups is limited. On these points, some research has suggested that racial differences regarding adherence to particular mothering ideologies will drive Mommy Wars discourse among white, middle-class mothers but not among African-American, middle-class mothers. This study investigates 125 middle-class yet racially diverse mothers about the content and prevalence of Mommy Wars discourse among their peers. Contrary to expectations, Mommy Wars discourse, although based on strong beliefs regarding appropriate maternal practices, was limited in its scope. In addition, Mommy Wars discourse was a minority perspective among white, middle-class mothers but a plurality perspective among African-American, middle-class mothers.Peer reviewed.This is the accepted version of the following article: Crowley, J. E. (2015), Unpacking the Power of the Mommy Wars. Sociological Inquiry, 85: 217–238, which has been published in final form at doi: 10.1111/soin.12077
Perceiving and Responding to Maternal Workplace Discrimination
No full textDespite recent gains, mothers in the United States still face a set of challenges in achieving full equality in the labor market, including subjective discrimination, or perceived unfair treatment from their employers. Using original data from 54 qualitative interviews of predominantly middle class, heterosexual women involved in national mothers' groups, this analysis first finds that whether currently working for pay or not, mothers perceive and label a variety of past employment experiences as discriminatory. This is primarily because in their status as mothers, they are seen as not meeting the ideal worker standard of performance nor as capable as non-mothers by their employers. Mothers report events under the categories of moment of hire, on-the-job, and evaluations/promotions related bias, with on-the-job incidents most common. Second, this analysis builds on previous work that has focused on mothers' extreme reactions such as opting out of work completely and filing lawsuits by mapping out three, intermediate responses to this subjective discrimination: ambivalence, endurance, or confrontation. Endurance was the most frequently deployed response strategy overall and for each of the three categories of discrimination. None of these three strategies, unfortunately, functions to promote broad-based organizational reform that would integrate mothers more equitably into the workplacePeer reviewe
Ambiguous financial responsibilities: second wives and alimony reform activism in the United States
No full textAlimony, which involves financial transfers from mostly men to women after a divorce, has recently received more scrutiny in the United States by members of an emerging social movement. These activists are attempting to change alimony policy in ways that economically benefit them. One important part of this movement are second wives, who ally themselves with their new husbands and against first wives in the pursuit of alimony reform. This analysis examines how these second wives articulate their objections to alimony by introducing the concept of economic boundary ambiguity, meaning in this case a state of human relationships where financial obligations between first and second wives are contested. In addition to creating several tangible stressors, economic boundary ambiguity can also have important consequences for women’s own social identities as well as the collective identity and the success of the social movement overall.Peer reviewe
Flexible work options and mothers' perceptions of career harm
No full textWhether or not mothers, who often struggle with balancing work and parenting responsibilities, perceive that they face career harm in exchange for control over flexible work options at their jobs is an unanswered question. Using 2009 original data from a random-digit-dial telephone survey of 441 mothers located across the United States, this study focuses on how control over two latent variables measuring flexibility, flexible work arrangements (such as scheduling and place of work) and time-off options, influences mothers' career harm perceptions in a total of three work domains: 1) wages/earnings; 2) raises or promotions; and 3) job evaluations. We find perceptions of career harm among only one-fifth of mothers; in addition, control over time-off options reduced perceived career damage related to parenting duties. Mothers may have less to fear than previously hypothesized about the potential sacrifices they have to make when they have significant control over certain flexibility options.Peer reviewed.This is the accepted version of the following article: Crowley, J. E. and Kolenikov, S. (2014), Flexible Work Options and Mothers' Perceptions of Career Harm. The Sociological Quarterly, 55: 168–195. doi: 10.1111/tsq.12050, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tsq.12050/abstract
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