1,720,977 research outputs found

    Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species

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    Sindaco, Roberto, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, Sacchi, Roberto, Carranza, Salvador (2018): Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 513-547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.

    FIGURE 2 in Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species

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    FIGURE 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the genus Mesalina based on concatenated sequences of three mitochondrial markers (12S, 16S and cytb) and one nuclear gene (MC1R). Black dots indicate posterior probability values ≥0.95 and bootstrap values ≥70% are shown next to the nodes. Color bars correspond to the five lineages recognized within the M. guttulata complex. Sample codes are followed by locality numbers (see Figure 1 and Appendix I). Taxon names correspond to changes proposed in this study and inset pictures show specimens of the two new species described (not to scale).Published as part of Sindaco, Roberto, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, Sacchi, Roberto & Carranza, Salvador, 2018, Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species, pp. 513-547 in Zootaxa 4429 (3) on page 518, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/128506

    Evolution along allometric lines of least resistance: Morphological differentiation in Pristurus geckos

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    Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures, which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected by allometric trends and trait integration levels is less well understood. Here we evaluate the role of allometry in shaping body size and body form diversity in Pristurus geckos utilizing differing habitats. We found that patterns of allometry and integration in body form were distinct in species with different habitat preferences, with ground-dwelling Pristurus displaying the most divergent allometric trend and high levels of integration. There was also strong concordance between intraspecific allometry across individuals and evolutionary allometry among species, revealing that differences in body form among individuals were predictive of evolutionary changes across the phylogeny at macroevolutionary scales. This suggested that phenotypic evolution occurred along allometric lines of least resistance, with allometric trajectories imposing a strong influence on the magnitude and direction of size and shape changes across the phylogeny. When viewed in phylomorphospace, the largest rock-dwelling species were most similar to the smallest ground-dwelling species, and vice versa. Thus, in Pristurus, phenotypic evolution along the differing habitat-based allometric trajectories resulted in similar body forms at differing body sizes in distinct ecological habitats.Funding provided by: MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: PGC2018-098290-B-I00Funding provided by: European Regional Development FundCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530Award Number: PID2021-128901NB-I00Funding provided by: Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033Award Number: FJC2021-046832-IFunding provided by: Alexander von Humboldt-StiftungCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156Award Number: Funding provided by: NSFCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100020414Award Number: DBI-190251

    An Integrative approach to the systematics and evolution of some selected reptile groups from Arabia

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    Until relatively recently, many groups of terrestrial reptiles were considered to contain only few species vastly distributed across the Arabian Peninsula. This was mostly the result of the apparent morphological uniformity of these groups in combination with their geographic ranges, often overlapping with politically unstable regions in which scientific research has been hampered for centuries. However, our understanding of the diversity inhabiting these unexplored areas changed with the onset of molecular phylogenetic methods that became extensively available and routinely applied to tackle a broad set of evolutionary questions. This thesis focuses on resolving the systematics, biogeography and evolution of four selected groups of reptiles from Arabia, using an unprecedented sampling of over 1,000 tissues for genetic analyses and more than 900 voucher specimens. For some taxa, we inferred time-calibrated phylogenies, and we reconstructed their biogeographical history and their morphological evolution. For many others, we unexpectedly discovered high levels of genetic diversity and several lineages potentially representing unknown species. In the latter case, testing different species delimitation methods led to more detailed examination of the genetic, morphological and ecological data in order to resolve the taxonomy of these candidate species. As a result of that, four new species of geckos and two lacertid lizards have been formally described as part of this thesis. Essentially, most of the new species were found in the mountain regions of Arabia, stressing the importance of these poorly studied areas as recognized hotspots in terms of reptile diversity and endemicity.Fins fa relativament poc, es considerava que la majoria de grups de rèptils terrestres comprenien només unes poques espècies àmpliament distribuïdes per tota la Península Aràbiga. Aquesta percepció es devia, en gran part, a l’aparent uniformitat morfològica d’aquests grups i les seves àrees de distribució geogràfica, sovint coincidents amb regions políticament inestables on la investigació científica s’ha vist limitada durant segles. No obstant, el coneixement que teníem sobre aquestes àrees poc explorades va canviar amb l’aparició de les filogènies moleculars, aviat àmpliament disponibles i aplicades de manera rutinària per abordar un nou ventall de qüestions evolutives. Aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en resoldre la sistemàtica, la biogeografia i l’evolució de quatre grups concrets de rèptils, utilitzant un mostreig sense precedents que inclou més de 1.000 teixits analitzats genèticament i més de 900 espècimens. Per alguns tàxons, hem inferit filogènies calibrades tot reconstruint la seva història biogeogràfica i la seva evolució morfològica. Per a d’altres, hem descobert inesperadament alts nivells de diversitat genètica i diversos llinatges que podrien representar espècies desconegudes. En el darrer cas, l’ús de diferents mètodes de delimitació d’espècies va conduir a examinar més detalladament les dades genètiques, morfològiques i ecològiques per tal de resoldre la taxonomia d’aquestes espècies candidates. Com a resultat, quatre espècies de dragons i dues sargantanes de la família dels lacèrtids han estat formalment descrites en el decurs d’aquesta tesi. Donat que la majoria d’aquestes espècies habiten a diferents zones muntanyoses d’Aràbia, aquesta tesi destaca la importància d’aquestes regions com a punts calents de diversitat biològica i endemicitat pel que fa a la seva fauna reptiliana.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin

    Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos

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    Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence has uncovered exceptions to this 'island effect'. Here, we tested this pattern using the geckos of the genus Pristurus from continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. Using a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset, we explore the differences in phenotypic evolution between Socotran and continental taxa. Moreover, we reconstructed ancestral habitat occupancy to examine if ecological specialization is correlated with morphological change, comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found a heterogeneous outcome of island colonization. Namely, only one of the three colonization events resulted in a body size increase. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialization explains better the body size and shape evolution in Pristurus. Particularly, the colonization of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very similar body size and head proportions. These results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continent-island systems.This work was supported by grants CGL2015-70390-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and PGC2018-098290-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), Spain and grant no. 2017-SGR-00991 from the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya to S.C. H.T.-C. was funded by an FPI grant no. (BES-2016-078341) (MINECO/AEI/FSE), Spain. I.M. was funded by a predoctoral grant from the Complutense University of Madrid (CT27/16-CT28/16), Spain, and the project PGC2018-094955-A-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. M.S.-R. was funded by an FPI grant no. (BES-2013-064248) (MINECO/AEI/FSE), Spain

    FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris

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    FIGURE 5. Pictures of live Pristurus sp. 1. A–B, specimen from 25 km south of Quweira, Jordan (photo by R. Sindaco); C, typical specimen from moist habitats in Dhofar performing characteristic tail signaling (Wadi Dharbat, Dhofar, Oman) (photo by S. Carranza).Published as part of Badiane, Arnaud, Garcia-Porta, Joan, Červenka, Jan, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Sindaco, Roberto, Robinson, Michael D., Morales, Hernan, Mazuch, Tomáš, Price, Thomas, Amat, Fèlix, Shobrak, Mohammed Y., Wilms, Thomas, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, Ahmadzadeh, Faraham, Papenfuss, Theodore J., Cluchier, Alexandre, Viglione, Julien & Carranza, Salvador, 2014, Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris, pp. 33-58 in Zootaxa 3835 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3835.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/492151

    FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris

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    FIGURE 2. ML tree of Pristurus inferred using 12S mtDNA, and acm4, cmos, rag1, rag2 nuclear gene fragments. Bootstrap values ≥70% are shown next to the nodes. Black circles on nodes indicate posterior probability values ≥0.95. The tree was rooted using Gekko gecko, Phelsuma modesta, and Tarentola mauritanica. Information on the samples is given in Appendix I.Published as part of Badiane, Arnaud, Garcia-Porta, Joan, Červenka, Jan, Kratochvíl, Lukáš, Sindaco, Roberto, Robinson, Michael D., Morales, Hernan, Mazuch, Tomáš, Price, Thomas, Amat, Fèlix, Shobrak, Mohammed Y., Wilms, Thomas, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, Ahmadzadeh, Faraham, Papenfuss, Theodore J., Cluchier, Alexandre, Viglione, Julien & Carranza, Salvador, 2014, Phylogenetic relationships of Semaphore geckos (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae: Pristurus) with an assessment of the taxonomy of Pristurus rupestris, pp. 33-58 in Zootaxa 3835 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3835.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/492151

    An Integrative approach to the systematics and evolution of some selected reptile groups from Arabia

    No full text
    Until relatively recently, many groups of terrestrial reptiles were considered to contain only few species vastly distributed across the Arabian Peninsula. This was mostly the result of the apparent morphological uniformity of these groups in combination with their geographic ranges, often overlapping with politically unstable regions in which scientific research has been hampered for centuries. However, our understanding of the diversity inhabiting these unexplored areas changed with the onset of molecular phylogenetic methods that became extensively available and routinely applied to tackle a broad set of evolutionary questions. This thesis focuses on resolving the systematics, biogeography and evolution of four selected groups of reptiles from Arabia, using an unprecedented sampling of over 1,000 tissues for genetic analyses and more than 900 voucher specimens. For some taxa, we inferred time-calibrated phylogenies, and we reconstructed their biogeographical history and their morphological evolution. For many others, we unexpectedly discovered high levels of genetic diversity and several lineages potentially representing unknown species. In the latter case, testing different species delimitation methods led to more detailed examination of the genetic, morphological and ecological data in order to resolve the taxonomy of these candidate species. As a result of that, four new species of geckos and two lacertid lizards have been formally described as part of this thesis. Essentially, most of the new species were found in the mountain regions of Arabia, stressing the importance of these poorly studied areas as recognized hotspots in terms of reptile diversity and endemicity.Fins fa relativament poc, es considerava que la majoria de grups de rèptils terrestres comprenien només unes poques espècies àmpliament distribuïdes per tota la Península Aràbiga. Aquesta percepció es devia, en gran part, a l’aparent uniformitat morfològica d’aquests grups i les seves àrees de distribució geogràfica, sovint coincidents amb regions políticament inestables on la investigació científica s’ha vist limitada durant segles. No obstant, el coneixement que teníem sobre aquestes àrees poc explorades va canviar amb l’aparició de les filogènies moleculars, aviat àmpliament disponibles i aplicades de manera rutinària per abordar un nou ventall de qüestions evolutives. Aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en resoldre la sistemàtica, la biogeografia i l’evolució de quatre grups concrets de rèptils, utilitzant un mostreig sense precedents que inclou més de 1.000 teixits analitzats genèticament i més de 900 espècimens. Per alguns tàxons, hem inferit filogènies calibrades tot reconstruint la seva història biogeogràfica i la seva evolució morfològica. Per a d’altres, hem descobert inesperadament alts nivells de diversitat genètica i diversos llinatges que podrien representar espècies desconegudes. En el darrer cas, l’ús de diferents mètodes de delimitació d’espècies va conduir a examinar més detalladament les dades genètiques, morfològiques i ecològiques per tal de resoldre la taxonomia d’aquestes espècies candidates. Com a resultat, quatre espècies de dragons i dues sargantanes de la família dels lacèrtids han estat formalment descrites en el decurs d’aquesta tesi. Donat que la majoria d’aquestes espècies habiten a diferents zones muntanyoses d’Aràbia, aquesta tesi destaca la importància d’aquestes regions com a punts calents de diversitat biològica i endemicitat pel que fa a la seva fauna reptiliana.Programa de doctorat en Biomedicin

    geckos

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    Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures, which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected by allometric trends and trait integration levels is less well understood. Here we evaluate the role of allometry in shaping body size and body form diversity in Pristurus geckos utilizing differing habitats. We found that patterns of allometry and integration in body form were distinct in species with different habitat preferences, with ground-dwelling Pristurus displaying the most divergent allometric trend and high levels of integration. There was also strong concordance between intraspecific allometry across individuals and evolutionary allometry among species, revealing that differences in body form among individuals were predictive of evolutionary changes across the phylogeny at macroevolutionary scales. This suggested that phenotypic evolution occurred along allometric lines of least resistance, with allometric trajectories imposing a strong influence on the magnitude and direction of size and shape changes across the phylogeny. When viewed in phylomorphospace, the largest rock-dwelling species were most similar to the smallest ground-dwelling species, and vice versa. Thus, in Pristurus, phenotypic evolution along the differing habitat-based allometric trajectories resulted in similar body forms at differing body sizes in distinct ecological habitats.This work was funded in part by PGC2018-098290-B-I00 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigación/FEDER, UE) and PID2021-128901NB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by European Regional Development Fund, a way of making Europe), Spain to S.C. H.T.C. is supported by a “Juan de la Cierva—Formación” postdoctoral fellowship (FJC2021-046832-I). I.M. was funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Humboldt Research Fellowship, and partially funded by the project PID2022-138275NB-I00 granted by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación. A.T. is supported by the “la Caixa” doctoral fellowship program (LCF/BQ/DR20/11790007). G.R. was funded by an FPI grant from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (PRE2019-088729). B.B.C. was funded by an FPU grant from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (FPU18/04742). D.C.A. was funded in part by the National Science Foundation Grant (DBI-1902511).Peer reviewe

    Mesalina austroarabica Sindaco & Simó-Riudalbas & Sacchi & Carranza 2018, sp. nov.

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    Mesalina austroarabica sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5; Tables 1–5, Appendices I and III) Mesalina adramitana Arnold 1980: 307 (part.); Arnold 1986a: 426 (part.); Sindaco & Jeremcenko 2008: 261 (part.); Gardner 2013: 292 (part). Mesalina ayunensis van der Kooij 2001: 20 (part.); Mesalina spec. van der Kooij 2001: 21. Mesalina guttulata Kapli et al. 2015: 6. Mesalina sp. 1 Carranza et al. 2018. Holotype. Adult male MCCI-R1611, Oman, Dhofar Governorate, Jebel Samhan at 17.1161°N, 54.7131°E WGS84 (about 16 km E of Tawi Atair), 1,321 m a.s.l., 4 January 2010, R. Sindaco, C. Grieco, A. Venchi leg. Paratypes. Two adult males and an adult female MCCI-R1624/1- 3, same locality as the holotype, 19 November 2010, R. Sindaco, C. Grieco, A. Venchi leg.; a female (ONHM4331), same locality as the holotype, 30 April 2011, S. Carranza, E. Gómez-Díaz, F. Amat leg.; a male MCCI-R1810, Jebel Samhan at 17.1597°N, 54.8069°E WGS84, 1,594 m a.s.l., 14 October 2013, S. Carranza, M. Metallinou, R. Sindaco, J. Šmíd, R. Vasconcelos leg.; a male NMP 6V- 74966/1 and a young NMP 6V- 74966/2 Jebel Samhan at 17.1494°N, 54.9757°E WGS 84, 233 m a.s.l., same date and collectors as MCCI-R1810. Other specimens examined. Adult female NMP 6 V-74951, Oman, Dhofar, Jebel al Qamar at 16.8014°N, 53.2783°E, 1,076 m a.s.l., 27 December 2012, J. Šmíd, A. Chudárková leg., plus nine specimens used only for genetic analyses (no vouchers available, juvenile or damaged specimens); all listed in Appendix I. Etymology. The species epithet “ austroarabica ” is an adjective that refers to the geographic range of its populations, distributed across southern Arabia. Diagnosis. A small-sized Mesalina characterized by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) well-developed occipital scale in contact with the interparietal (Fig. 5E); (2) lower eyelid with a window made up of two large scales edged with black (Fig. 5D); (3) curved collar (Fig. 5F); (4) four upper labials in front of the subocular (Fig. 5D); (5) ventral plates in 8 straight longitudinal rows, the outermost much smaller (almost indistinct in MCCI-R 1624) (Fig. 5B); (6) scales on the upper surface of the tibia keeled (Fig. 5A); (7) lamellae under 4th toe, 20-21; (8) dorsal coloration of adult, brown-greyish, with incomplete black-and-white ocelli (the white dots are not completely surrounded by black, but only flanked by specks on one or either sides), ordered in irregular longitudinal and transverse rows (Fig. 5A); (9) bluish tail in juvenile specimens. There are no obvious diagnostic characters separating M. austroarabica sp. nov. from M. guttulata, M. bahaeldini and from the populations from the highlands of southwestern Arabia (M. sp. A in Arnold 1986a) described below. Statistical analyses (see Results above) show significant differences from M. guttulata in having smaller SVL (males), larger %HL (males and females) and larger %HW (females). Mesalina austroarabica sp. nov. shows significant differences from M. bahaeldini in having smaller SVL (males), less dorsals at midbody (males and females), and larger %HL and %forelimb length (females). Mesalina austroarabica sp. nov. shows significant differences with the populations from the highlands of southwestern Arabia (M. sp. A in Arnold 1986a) that is described herein, in having smaller SVL (males), less enlarged plates in the collar (males), less dorsals at midbody (males), less transverse rows of ventrals (males), less femoral pores (males), larger %HW (males and females), larger %forelimb length (males), larger value of Lamellae percSVL (males and females), larger %HL (females), larger %hindlimb length (females), larger %4th toe length (females). Genetic and phylogenetic remarks. The phylogenetic analyses by Kapli et al. (2015) and the phylogenetic and nuclear network analyses performed in this study (Fig. 2; Table 1) support the hypothesis that M. austroarabica sp. nov. is a different species. The level of genetic differentiation (p -distance) between the new species versus the other members of the Mesalina guttulata species complex ranges between 3.6–6.6% in the 12S, 4.3–6.4% in the 16S and 11.7–15.7% in the cytb genes (Table 1). A network analysis of the nuclear gene MC1R indicates that, despite the large number of samples of the M. guttulata species complex included in the analysis (36 specimens; 72 alleles), all five haplotypes (22 alleles) of M. austroarabica sp. nov. are private (Fig. 3; Appendix I). Description of the holotype. An adult male, with well-developed femoral pores, and original tail. Measurements, meristic characters and indexes: SVL = 41.5 mm, HL1 = 12.8 mm (31% of SVL), HL2 = 5.6 mm (13% of SVL), HL3 = 5.1 mm (12% of SVL), Head width = 7.0 mm (17% of SVL), Head depth = 5.0 mm (12% of SVL), pileus = 11.6 mm (28% of SVL), Forelimb length = 16.4 mm (40% of SVL), Hindlimb length = 31.4 mm (76% of SVL), 4th toe length = 9.9 mm (24% of SVL), Tail length = 93.0 mm, supralabials 8/9, subocular = 5/5, gulars = 25, enlarged plates in collar = 8, midbody scales = 39, longitudinal rows of ventrals = 8+2 (smaller), transversal rows of ventrals = 28, femoral pores = 13+13, lamellae under the 4th toe = 21. Head index = 183, Toe index = 32, Lamellae percSVL = 1.14. The two translucent scales forming the window in the lower eyelid are completely bordered by black. Coloration in alcohol: numerous small incomplete ocelli, each one formed by 3 or 4 whitish scales forming a dot and surrounded left and/or right by a few black colored scales. These ocelli form 6-8 irregular longitudinal series and about 13 very irregular transverse series, between the fore- and hindlimbs; they further extend to the base of the tail and to the hindlimbs. These ocelli become small black and white dots on the neck and on small scales of the head. The pileus is creamy-grey with irregular blackish specks. On the sides of the head a discontinuous dark stripe is present from the upper border of the ear opening, across the eye, to the loreal scale. Another ill-defined dark stripe (that consists of a few blackish irregular spots) extends between the mid-ear opening and the subocular scale. Flanks with a more or less distinct latero-ventral whitish stripe and a usually indistinct dorso-lateral light stripe. The ventral side is creamy-white, immaculate, with the exception of the infralabial scales, which are irregularly dotted with small gray spots, as well as the outer ventrals and the anterior margin of thighs. Variation. Quantitative variation (mensural and meristic) in the type series (n = 9) is summarized in Tables 2– 5. In one paratype (MCC-R1624/1), an additional scale separates the supranasals, and the naso-frontal scale is fragmented on the left side. The latter anomaly is present in the paratype (MCC-R1624/2) too. Coloration in life. Ground color brownish with more or less intense shades of gray (Fig. 5G). In October- November, the lateral parts of the belly and sides of the head have a pink-orange hue. Tail grayish with cyan shades in young specimens; the young depicted by van der Kooij (2001: 21) has the distal half of the tail distinctly cyan. Distribution and habitat. The species is widely distributed across more than 1,200 km in southern Arabia; from the Jebel Samhan in Dhofar to the Yemen Mountains (Fig. 1). It is unknown if the distribution is continuous or discontinuous and restricted to mountains. The type locality is a flat area (possibly a filled sinkhole) close to an escarpment, very scarcely vegetated, surrounded by low rocky hills covered by shrubs. Specimens were active among stones at the base of hills’ slopes. Other syntopic reptiles are the newly described species of Tropiocolotes (Machado et al. 2018), Pristurus sp. 1, Pristurus carteri, Pseudotrapelus dhofarensis, Psammophis schokari (a possible predator). Notes. Sexual maturity is probably reached with SVL ≥ 30 mm, as a male with SVL= 31 mm collected in October had femoral pores that produce secretions.Published as part of Sindaco, Roberto, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc, Sacchi, Roberto & Carranza, Salvador, 2018, Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species, pp. 513-547 in Zootaxa 4429 (3) on pages 528-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/128506
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