734 research outputs found
Canon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., The
No full textCanon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., Th
River from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, The
No full textRiver from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, Th
Decision rights, residual claim and performance: A theory of how the Chinese state enterprise reform works
No full textThis paper is intended to model the process of shifting decision rights and residual claim from the central agent (government) to the inside members of the firm in China, and to analyze how the reform has improved performance of the state-owned enterprises. We show that the bargaining solution between the central agent and the firm is preferred to a one-sided solution, and that managerial discretion of state enterprises can greatly improve efficiency through both its direct incentive effect and indirectly hardening budget constraints. Further improvement of efficiency requires that authority of selecting management is transferred from bureaucrats to capitalists, which implies privatization of the state enterprises. China is already well on its way.EconomicsSSCI10ARTICLE167-82
A Principal-agent Theory of the Public Economy and Its Applications to China
No full textThis paper is intended to model the principal-agent relationship and its associated monitoring-incentive problems of the public economy. The basic findings are: (1) the degree of publicness and the size of the public economy matter: the monitoring effort of the original principals and the work effort of the ultimate agents decrease with the degree of publicness and the size of the public economy; (2) a corrupt public economy can be a Pareto-improvement over the non-corrupt public economy. The first finding sheds some light upon performance comparison between different public economies (such as between Singapore and China). The second finding explains why all socialist economies are corrupt ones. The paper applies the above results particularly to the Chinese economy. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998Chinese economy, corruption, hierarchy, principal-agent theory, public ownership,
Testing protoplanetary disc dispersal with radio emission
No full textWe consider continuum free–free radio emission from the upper atmosphere of protoplanetary discs as a probe of the ionized luminosity impinging upon the disc. Making use of previously computed hydrodynamic models of disc photoevaporation within the framework of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray irradiation, we use radiative transfer post-processing techniques to predict the expected free–free emission from protoplanetary discs. In general, the free–free luminosity scales roughly linearly with ionizing luminosity in both EUV- and X-ray-driven scenarios, where the emission dominates over the dust tail of the disc and is partial optically thin at cm wavelengths. We perform a test observation of GM Aur at 14–18?GHz and detect an excess of radio emission above the dust tail to a very high level of confidence. The observed flux density and spectral index are consistent with free–free emission from the ionized disc in either the EUV- or the X-ray-driven scenario. Finally, we suggest a possible route to testing the EUV- and X-ray-driven dispersal model of protoplanetary discs, by combining observed free–free flux densities with measurements of mass-accretion rates. On the point of disc dispersal one would expect to find an M?2? scaling with free–free flux in the case of EUV-driven disc dispersal or an ?* scaling in the case of X-ray-driven disc dispersa
Beta Band Rhythms Influence Reaction Times
No full textDespite their involvement in many cognitive functions, s oscillations are among the least understood brain rhythms. Reports on whether the functional role of s is primarily inhibitory or excitatory have been contradictory. Our framework attempts to reconcile these findings and proposes that several s rhythms co-exist at different frequencies. s Frequency shifts and their potential influence on behavior have thus far received little attention. In this human magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment, we asked whether changes in s power or frequency in auditory cortex and motor cortex influence behavior (reaction times) during an auditory sweep discrimination task. We found that in motor cortex, increased s power slowed down responses, while in auditory cortex, increased s frequency slowed down responses. We further characterized s as transient burst events with distinct spectro-temporal profiles influencing reaction times. Finally, we found that increased motor-to-auditory s connectivity also slowed down responses. In sum, s power, frequency, bursting properties, cortical focus, and connectivity profile all influenced behavioral outcomes. Our results imply that the study of s oscillations requires caution as s dynamics are multifaceted phenomena, and that several dynamics must be taken into account to reconcile mixed findings in the literature.This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Erwin Schrödinger Fellowship J4580 to ER. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. SH is supported by NWO Vidi 016.Vidi.185.137 and NIH R01 MH123679
A note on Condorcet consistency and the median voter
No full textWe discuss to which extent the median voter theorem extends to the domain of single-peaked preferences on median spaces. After observing that on this domain a Condorcet winner need not exist, we show that if a Condorcet winner does exist, then it coincides with the median alternative ('the median voter'). Based on this result, we propose two non-cooperative games that implement the unique strategy-proof social choice rule on this domain. --
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WY state voting records.
No full textVoting records set forth the title and author of the legislation at issue, the voting entity, the motion under consideration, and the voting outcome, parsed by political affiliation and by individual legislator's vote
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