847 research outputs found
Biología de los virus
No full text141 p. : ilFil: Nates, Silvia Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas;
Argentina.Fil: Pavan, Jorge Victorio. Instituto de Virología “Dr. José María Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Pavan, Jorge Victorio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas;
Argentina.Fil: Nates, Silvia Viviana. Instituto de Virología “Dr. José María Vanella”; Argentina.En el diseño de este libro hemos puesto una particular dedicación en lograr un instrumento didáctico que le permita al lector disfrutar y entusiasmarse con la virología. Para esto reconstruimos acontecimientos vividos por quienes escribieron su página en historia de la microbiología, intentando transmitir la fuerza de la creatividad y el análisis crítico, elementos que consideramos indispensables para la construcción del conocimiento.Fil: Nates, Silvia Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas;
Argentina.Fil: Pavan, Jorge Victorio. Instituto de Virología “Dr. José María Vanella”; Argentina.Fil: Pavan, Jorge Victorio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas;
Argentina.Fil: Nates, Silvia Viviana. Instituto de Virología “Dr. José María Vanella”; Argentina
Monodelphis (Pyrodelphys) Pavan & Voss 2016, new subgenus
No full textPyrodelphys, new subgenus TYPE SPECIES: Monodelphis emiliae (Thomas, 1912). CONTENTS: emiliae Thomas, 1912. DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal body pelage with grayish midbody contrasting with reddish head and rump (fig. 14A); ventral pelage uniformly colored (without self-whitish median markings), yellowish or orangish on museum skins, but much brighter in life (fig. 14B). Mammae 2–1–2 = 5 (MZUSP 35064), 3–1–3 = 7 (MPEG JUR 79), or 4–1–4 = 9 (MPEG 39106, 39182, 42955), all abdominal-inguinal. Thenar and first interdigital pad of pes usually fused or in contact; hypothenar pad of pes usually present. 8 Body pelage extends onto tail farther dorsally than ventrally, or to about the same extent dorsally and ventrally; tail scales arranged in annular series. Infraorbital foramen dorsal to M1; frontal process of jugal present but rounded, not distinctly angular; parietal usually (ca. 80% of examined specimens) in contact with mastoid; incisive foramina usually short; maxillopalatine fenestrae short; sphenorbital fissure large, exposing basisphenoid in lateral view; infratemporal crest of alisphenoid distinct; secondary foramen ovale present or absent; tympanic wing of alisphenoid large; tip of anterior process of malleus not exposed on external bullar surface; rostral tympanic process of petrosal broad and rounded, concealing fenestra cochleae in ventral view; stapes columelliform, imperforate or microperforate; subsquamosal foramen small. Anterior cingulids of m2 and m3 broad; entoconids of m1–m3 distinct; dp3 small, with incomplete trigonid and indistinct anterior cingulid. a Differs among member species. b Intraspecific variation. COMPARISONS: Pyrodelphys is uniquely distinguished from other subgenera of Monodelphis by fusion or contact between the thenar and first interdigital pads of the hind foot (the thenar and first interdigital are separate in members of other subgenera) and by having a small subsquamosal foramen (the subsquamosal foramen is distinctly larger in members of other subgenera. Among other diagnostic comparisons (table 2), Pyrodelphys is additionally distinguished from the subgenus Monodelphis by having a reddish head and rump separated by a grayish midbody, an infraorbital foramen dorsal to M1, large alisphenoid tympanic wing, unexposed tip of the anterior process of the malleus, broadly rounded rostral tympanic process of the petrosal, columelliform stapes, and smaller dp3. Pyrodelphys is additionally distinguished from Microdelphys by lacking dorsal stripes in all age-sex classes, by lacking a distinctly angular frontal process of the jugal, and by having a distinct infratemporal crest of the alisphenoid. Pyrodelphys is also distinguished from Monodelphiops by its dorsal pelage pattern, by lacking pectoral mammae, and by having tail scales in annular series, a large alisphenoid tympanic wing, and a broadly rounded rostral tympanic process of the petrosal. Diagnostic comparisons between Pyrodelphys and Mygalodelphys have already been provided (see above). ETYMOLOGY: From pyr, ancient Greek for “fire,” in reference to the flame-colored underparts of living and freshly dead specimens of this clade (fig. 14B). REMARKS: This taxon is widely divergent from other clades in the genus Monodelphis and appears to represent an ancient lineage with no close extant relatives (Pavan et al., 2014; Pavan et al., 2016). NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION AND SYMPATRY: Monodelphis (Pyrodelphys) emiliae is known from southwestern and southeastern Amazonia (table 3), where it ranges from near the base of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia to eastern Pará, Brazil. Based on geographic range overlap and published reports of cooccurring species (e.g., in the lower Urubamba region of eastern Peru; Solari et al., 2001), Pyrodelphys may occur sympatrically with species of the subgenera Mygalodelphys and/or Monodelphis throughout its geographic range.Published as part of Pavan, Silvia E. & Voss, Robert S., 2016, A Revised Subgeneric Classification of Short-tailed Opossums (Didelphidae: Monodelphis), pp. 1-44 in American Museum Novitates 2016 (3868) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.1206/3868.1, http://zenodo.org/record/459843
FIGURE 3. A in A new species of Monodelphis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
No full textFIGURE 3. A, Dorsal, B, lateral, and C, ventral views of the holotype skin of Monodelphis pinocchio (MN 78680). Scale bar = 50 mm.Published as part of Pavan, Silvia E., 2015, A new species of Monodelphis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, pp. 1-16 in American Museum Novitates 2015 (3832) on page 6, DOI: 10.1206/3832.1, http://zenodo.org/record/536804
(Mygalodelphys) Pavan & Voss 2016, new subgenus
No full text<i>Mygalodelphys</i>, new subgenus <p> TYPE SPECIES: <i>Monodelphis adusta</i> (Thomas, 1897).</p> <p> CONTENTS: <i>adusta</i> Thomas, 1897 (including <i>melanops</i> Goldman, 1912); <i>peruviana</i> Osgood, 1913; <i>osgoodi</i> Doutt, 1938; <i>kunsi</i> Pine, 1975; <i>reigi</i> Lew and Pérez-Hernández, 2004; <i>ronaldi</i> Solari, 2004; <i>handleyi</i> Solari, 2007; and <i>pinocchio</i> Pavan, 2015.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal body pelage unpatterned; ventral pelage uniformly colored or with self-whitish median markings. 5 Mammae 2–0–2 = 4 (e.g., in <i>M. peruviana</i>; AMNH 264562), 3–0–3 = 6 (e.g., in <i>M. adusta</i>; AMNH 202650), or 3–1–3 = 7 (e.g., in <i>M. pinocchio</i>; MZUSP MTR15815), all abdominal-inguinal. Thenar and first interdigital pad of pes separate, not fused; hypothenar pad of pes present (but unknown for <i>M. reigi</i>, <i>M. peruviana</i>, and <i>M. ronaldi</i>). Body pelage extends onto tail farther ventrally than dorsally; tail scales arranged in annular or spiral series. Infraorbital foramen dorsal to M1; frontal process of jugal absent or indistinct; parietal usually (> 90% of examined specimens) not in contact with mastoid; length of incisive foramina variable; length of maxillopalatine fenestra variable; sphenorbital fissure small (basisphenoid laterally concealed); infratemporal crest of alisphenoid distinct or indistinct; secondary foramen ovale usually absent 6; tympanic wing of alisphenoid small; tip of anterior process of malleus exposed on external bullar surface between ectotympanic and alisphenoid; rostral tympanic process of petrosal narrow and triangular, not concealing fenestra cochleae in ventral view; stapes columelliform, imperforate or microperforate; subsquamosal foramen large. Anterior cingulids of m2 and m3 narrow; entoconids of m1–m3 very small, indistinct; dp3 small, with incomplete trigonid and indistinct anterior cingulid in some species (e.g., <i>M. adusta</i>, <i>M. reigi</i>), but dp3 large, with complete trigonid and distinct anterior cingulid in other species (e.g., <i>M. handleyi</i>; the morphology of dp3 is unknown for <i>M. peruviana</i>, <i>M. osgoodi</i>, <i>M. ronaldi</i>, <i>M. pinocchio</i>, and <i>M. kunsi</i>).</p> <p> COMPARISONS: Members of the subgenus <i>Mygalodelphys</i> differ from currently recognized species in other subgenera of <i>Monodelphis</i> by several unique external and craniodental traits, including: (1) soπ body pelage that extends onto the tail farther ventrally than dorsally; (2) frontal process of jugal absent or indistinct; (3) parietal-mastoid contact absent; (4) a small sphenorbital fissure that does not expose the basisphenoid to lateral view; (5) narrow lower molar anterior cingulids; and (6) indistinct entoconids on m1–m3. Self-whitish midventral pelage markings are also unique to <i>Mygalodelphys</i>, although they are oπen polymorphic and are not present in all member species.</p> <p> Among other diagnostic comparisons (table 2), <i>Mygalodelphys</i> additionally differs from <i>Pyrodelphys</i> by its unpatterned dorsal pelage, separate thenar and first interdigital pads on the hind foot, small alisphenoid tympanic wing, exposure of the anterior process of the malleus on the external surface of the bulla, narrow-triangular rostral tympanic process of the petrosal, and a large subsquamosal foramen. <i>Mygalodelphys</i> additionally differs from the usual morphology seen in the nominotypical subgenus by possessing a distinct hypothenar pad on the hindfoot, an infraorbital foramen that is dorsal to M1, and a columelliform stapes. <i>Mygalodelphys</i> additionally differs from <i>Microdelphys</i> by its consistently unpatterned dorsal pelage, small alisphenoid tympanic wing, exposure of the anterior process of the malleus on the external surface of the bulla, and narrow-triangular rostral tympanic process of the petrosal. <i>Mygalodelphys</i> additionally differs from <i>Monodelphiops</i> by its unpatterned dorsal pelage, lack of pectoral mammae, and possession of a hypothenar pad of the hind foot.</p> <p> 5 Self-whitish ventral markings were observed on all examined specimens of <i>M. handleyi</i>, most examined specimens of <i>M. adusta</i> and <i>M. peruviana</i>, and a few specimens of <i>M. kunsi</i>. They were not observed in <i>M. osgoodi</i>, <i>M. pinocchio</i>, <i>M. reigi</i>, or <i>M. ronaldi.</i></p> <p> 6 A few specimens of <i>M. kunsi</i> (<10% of those examined) have a complete bullar lamina forming a secondary foramen ovale on one side of the skull.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY: From <i>mygale</i>, ancient Greek for “shrew,” which members of this clade strikingly resemble in general aspect.</p> <p> REMARKS: <i>Mygalodelphys</i> corresponds to “clade E” or the “Adusta Group” (Pavan et al., 2014; Pavan et al., 2016), which was recovered with consistently robust support in our previous phylogenetic analyses. Although taxon-dense phylogenetic analyses incorporating morphological characters have yet to be done, it seems likely that several features unique to this subgenus (e.g., body pelage extending onto the tail farther ventrally than dorsally; frontal process of the jugal absent or indistinct; no parietal-mastoid contact; narrow lower molar anterior cingulids) will eventually be found to optimize as subgeneric synapomorphies.</p> <p> Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences (Pavan et al., 2014; Vilela et al., 2015; Pavan et al., 2016) have consistently recovered a basal dichotomy among the species that we refer to <i>Mygalodelphys</i>: one clade including <i>Monodelphis kunsi</i> and <i>M. pinocchio</i> (<i>M.</i> “species 1” of Pavan et al., 2014; Vilela et al., 2015), and another including <i>M. adusta, M. reigi, M. peruviana, M. osgoodi, M. handleyi,</i> and a still-undescribed form (<i>M.</i> “species 2”). Although these clades are robustly supported by sequence data, morphological data does not support their formal taxonomic recognition. Despite being sister taxa, <i>M. pinocchio</i> and <i>M. kunsi</i> are externally and cranially dissimilar (Pavan, 2015), and we are not aware of any phenotypic trait shared by these two species that consistently distinguish them from the remaining species of <i>Mygalodelphys</i>.</p> <p> Although <i>Monodelphis ronaldi</i> has not been included in any phylogenetic analysis to date, we allocate this species to the subgenus <i>Mygalodelphys</i> based on its close phenetic similarity to <i>M. handleyi</i> (previously noted by Solari, 2007) and to its shared possession of morphological traits that seem likely to optimize as subgeneric synapomorphies, including (1) lack of a distinct frontal process of the jugal, (2) a small sphenorbital fissure within which the basisphenoid is not laterally exposed, (3) lack of parietal-mastoid contact, and (4) narrow anterior cingulids on m2 and m3. Including <i>M. ronaldi</i> in future phylogenetic analyses will effectively test the hypothesis that it is a member of <i>Mygalodelphys</i>.</p> <p> NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION AND SYMPATRY: Species of the subgenus <i>Mygalodelphys</i> are known from eastern Panama; the humid tropical and subtropical Andes (to ca. 3000 m) of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; the Guiana Highlands of southern Venezuela and western Guyana; western and southeastern Amazonia 7; the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil; the Cerrado landscapes of central Brazil; and the Cerrado, Chaco, and adjacent dry-forested biomes of Bolivia, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (table 3). Species of <i>Mygalodelphys</i> are sympatric with <i>Pyrodelphys</i> in southwestern and southeastern Amazonia (e.g., in the lower Urubamba region of eastern Peru; Solari et al., 2001), with species of the subgenus <i>Monodelphis</i> in Amazonia and the Cerrado (e.g., at Bosque Mbaracayú in eastern Paraguay; de la Sancha et al., 2007), with species of the subgenus <i>Microdelphys</i> in the Andes and the Atlantic Forest (e.g., at Riacho Grande, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil; Pavan, 2015), and with species of <i>Monodelphiops</i> in the Atlantic Forest (e.g., at Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, southeastern Brazil; Pavan, 2015).</p> <p> 7 The southeastern Amazonian representative of <i>Mygalodelphys</i> is the still-undescribed “species 2” of Pavan et al. (2014).</p> <p> Given this wide distribution and extensive sympatry, the absence of <i>Mygalodelphys</i> throughout most of northeastern Amazonia (north of the Amazon and east of the Rio Negro), where only species of the nominotypical subgenus are known to occur in lowland habitats, is noteworthy. It is also worth noting that <i>Mygalodelphys</i> is the only subgenus known to occur in the northern Andes (north of the Huancabamba Deflection), and in northwestern Amazonia (north of the upper Amazon and west of the Rio Negro). Whether historical or ecological factors account for such distributional phenomena is unknown.</p>Published as part of <i>Pavan, Silvia E. & Voss, Robert S., 2016, A Revised Subgeneric Classification of Short-tailed Opossums (Didelphidae: Monodelphis), pp. 1-44 in American Museum Novitates 2016 (3868)</i> on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.1206/3868.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4598434">http://zenodo.org/record/4598434</a>
Species diversity in the Monodelphis brevicaudata complex (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data, with the description of a new species
No full textPavan, Silvia Eliza, Rossi, Rogerio Vieira, Schneider, Horacio (2012): Species diversity in the Monodelphis brevicaudata complex (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data, with the description of a new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 190-223, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00791.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00791.
Short peptides as biosensor transducers
No full textThis review deals with short peptides (up to 50
amino acids) as biomimetic active recognition elements in
sensing systems. Peptide-based sensors have been developed
in recent years according to different strategies. Synthetic
peptides have been designed on the basis of known
interactions between single or a few amino acids and targets,
with attention being paid to the presence of peptide motifs
known to allow intermolecular self-organization of the sensing
peptides over the sensor surface. Sensitive and sophisticated
sensors have been obtained in this way, but the use of
designed peptides is limited by severe difficulties in their in
silico design. Short peptides from random phage display
have been selected in a random way from large, unfocussed,
and often preexisting and commercially available phage
display libraries, with no design elements. Artificial, miniaturized receptors have been
obtained from the reduction of the known sequence of a
natural receptor down to a synthesizable and yet stable one.
Alternatively, binding sites have been created over a
designed, stable peptide scaffold. Short peptides have also
been used as active elements for the detection of their own
natural receptors
Fibre orientation effects on the fracture of short fibre polymer composites: on the existence of a critical fibre orientation on varying internal material variables
No full textMeccanismi di frattura nei materiali compositi polimerici a fibra corta: influenza delle variabili esterne sull'orientazione critica delle fibre
No full textLe perle di Sumhuram: appunti per una tipologia di vaghi di collana dall'Arabia meridionale
No full textNumerical modeling of the abdominal wall biomechanics and experimental analysis for model validation
No full textThe evaluation of the biomechanics of the abdominal wall is particularly important to understand the onset of pathological conditions related to weakening and injury of the abdominal muscles. A better understanding of the biomechanics of the abdominal wall could be a breakthrough in the development of new therapeutic approaches. For this purpose, several studies in the literature propose finite element models of the human abdomen, based on the geometry of the abdominal wall from medical images and on constitutive formulations describing the mechanical behavior of fascial and muscular tissues. The biomechanics of the abdominal wall depends on the passive mechanical properties of fascial and muscle tissue, on the activation of abdominal muscles, and on the variable intra-abdominal pressure. To assess the quantitative contribution of these features to the development and validation of reliable numerical models, experimental data are fundamental. This work presents a review of the state of the art of numerical models developed to investigate abdominal wall biomechanics. Different experimental techniques, which can provide data for model validation, are also presented. These include electromyography, ultrasound imaging, intraabdominal pressure measurements, abdominal surface deformation, and stiffness/compliance measurements
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