117,863 research outputs found
Energy performance assessment of HVAC systems by inspection and monitoring
No full textThe paper discusses the collection and processing of energy performance data as part of the inspection of HVAC systems, aimed at identifying technically feasible and cost-effective Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECO), as required by EPBD. Case studies developed by the HARMONAC project have shown that low-cost or no-cost ECO's - mostly related to system operation and management - can be identified with an effective system monitoring. Building Management Systems (BMS) may be a powerful tool for this task, provided their HW and SW architecture is designed with adequate attention to energy monitoring. Dedicated instrumentation - such as electricity meters and temperature loggers - may also be employed as an alternative / integration to BMS monitoring. The paper also discusses the application of data analysis tools - such as "carpet plots" and "energy signatures" - to the identification of component malfunctioning, control problems, inadequate maintenance, or system schedule optimization, and to the evaluation of achieved energy saving
Le Midazolam comme agent d' induction pour la chirurgie du segment anterieur de l' oeil.
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La dimensione economico-finanziaria nella gestione dei rapporti di fornitura
No full textLa capacità di interpretare la performance economico-finanziaria di un fornitore, o di una tipologia di forniture, assume particolare rilievo nella gestione e nella politica degli acquisti per almeno tre ordini di motivi.
Il primo è riconducibile alla possibilità di valutare la sostenibilità del modello economico-finanziario delle imprese fornitrici e più precisamente la capacità di queste ultime di operare nel breve e nel medio-lungo periodo in condizioni di economicità e di equilibrio finanziario; in assenza di tali condizioni, la capacità di assicurare la fornitura potrebbe infatti essere pregiudicata e con essa l’operatività delle imprese da essa dipendenti.
Il secondo ordine di motivi attiene invece la possibilità di individuare nei risultati dell’analisi le possibili e più appropriate leve negoziali per la gestione del rapporto. Alcune imprese infatti potrebbero essere più sensibili alla leva dei volumi, altre a quella dei prezzi, o delle condizioni finanziarie del rapporto. Conoscere il modello economico-finanziario del fornitore aiuta l’impresa a circoscrivere l’attenzione su quelle variabili più efficaci, senza compromettere, la stabilità del rapporto in essere.
Il terzo ordine di motivi riguarda infine la possibilità di valutare come variazioni nella dinamica dei costi dei fattori produttivi potrebbero ripercuotersi sull’operatività dell’azienda, offrendo così al management ulteriori elementi informativi per supportare la programmazione dell’attività e la gestione del rischio di business.
Il capitolo è pertanto strutturato come segue. Nel paragrafo 2 verrà presentato il modello di analisi economico-finanziaria dell’impresa utilizzato per valutare la redditività e la sostenibilità finanziaria dell’impresa fornitrice. Nel paragrafo 3 verranno invece illustrate le modalità di utilizzo dei parametri di performance economico-finanziaria del fornitore per definire le possibili e più razionali leve per gestire il rapporto di fornitura. Il paragrafo 4 utilizza infine il contesto economico-finanziario del fornitore per valutare come variazioni nei costi o nei margini del fornitore potrebbero influire sulla performance delle imprese da esso dipendenti
Cost management and value creation: The missing link
No full textUnderstanding of the relationship between the costs of the firm and the value the firm provides to its customers is the key to the ability of the firm to reach its profit potential. From this perspective the firm needs to have a thorough understanding of its activities, their costs and their relation to market prices. Advanced cost management studies and practices suggest a variety of different tools that help us understand the relationship between value and cost. However, most of these studies provide us with qualitative tools only. An exception is studies related to product cost planning, as in the case of target costing or value analysis/value engineering. This paper, while being a part of emerging literature on strategic cost management, extends the existing knowledge of the relationship between costs and value by introducing the value creation model (VCM). In particular, the VCM model defines the firms' cost structure in terms of value added, non-value added but required activities, as well as of waste. A firm's cost structure is aligned with value attributes embedded in products and services. The VCM model seeks to understand the trade-off between what the customer is willing to pay for a product/service bundle (value) and the cost the firm bears to provide what the customer desires. Based on these trade-offs, VCM defines value multipliers, which help the firm determine which activities the firm should focus on in order to develop a competitive advantage. © 2001, Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Entanglement of Formation of Mixed Many-Body Quantum States via Tree Tensor Operators
No full textWe present a numerical strategy to efficiently estimate bipartite entanglement measures, and in particular the entanglement of formation, for many-body quantum systems on a lattice. Our approach exploits the tree tensor operator tensor network Ansatz, a positive loopless representation for density matrices which, as we demonstrate, efficiently encodes information on bipartite entanglement, enabling the upscaling of entanglement estimation. Employing this technique, we observe a finite-size scaling law for the entanglement of formation in 1D critical lattice models at finite temperature for up to 128 spins, extending to mixed states the scaling law for the entanglement entropy
Customer value: A new kind of cost management
No full textKnowing what customers value, and why, is the foundation of a sound business. But we often don't hear the customer's voice during our hectic, busy day. When that happens, your business falters. Instead, say the authors, you've got to embrace a customer value perspective. And that means a new approach for cost management
Calculation of k Q factors for Farmer-type ionization chambers following the recent recommendations on new key dosimetry data
No full textPurpose: To calculate by Monte Carlo simulations k Q factors for Farmer-type ionization chambers in megavoltage photon beams using the new key dosimetry data recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 90. Methods: Monte Carlo calculations were performed with the EGSnrc code system using both the ICRU 90 and the ICRU 37 data. Farmer-type ionization chambers with graphite and plastic walls and with graphite wall and a plastic waterproofing sleeve were considered (Nuclear Enterprise NE 2571, IBA FC65-G and FC65-P). k Q factors were calculated for photon beams in the range 6–25 MV using phase-space files as input radiation sources. The photon beam qualities in terms of TPR 20,10 and Ý(10) x were established by simulating the depth-dose curves in water. Absorbed doses to the air cavity and to water were calculated using the egs_chamber user code with a target statistical uncertainty below 0.1%. Results: The update of key dosimetry data according to the ICRU report 90 had an impact of −0.2% in the absorbed dose to water and up to 0.5% in the absorbed dose to the air cavity. Nevertheless, changes partially offset each other when entering in k Q as ratio, and the final impact on the k Q values was below 0.3%. Conclusions: The calculated values of k Q tend to be lower than the current values in the IAEA TRS-398 protocol with differences up to about 0.5%. A slightly better agreement (within 0.3%) is observed with the Monte-Carlo calculated values provided by the addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol
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