1,720,961 research outputs found
Early-Life Adversity, Age at Menarche, and Reproductive Outcomes: Evidence from Armed Conflict in Vietnam
No full textBackground
Armed conflict creates diverse stressors that have acute and chronic impacts on women’s life-course trajectories. During wartime, women often experience changes in the probability of marriage, fertility, and risks of pregnancy complications and losses (Elias et al., 2018; Elveborg Lindskog, 2016; Glass et al., 2024; Jayaraman et al., 2009; Torche & Nobles, 2024). The ecology of war, distinct from other adverse environments, frequently exposes individuals to direct mortality threats alongside nutritional, immunologic, and psychosocial challenges (Clarkin, 2019; Glass et al., 2024; McLaughlin et al., 2021). Early life adversity (ELA) – defined as exposure to environmental conditions that threaten or impair development during childhood and adolescence – can significantly influence the timing of age at menarche. Two competing theoretical frameworks explain how ELA affects reproductive timing: either through acceleration (harsh environments promote earlier maturation to ensure reproduction before death (Nettle, 2010) or suppression (resource constraints delay maturation until conditions improve) (Ellis, 2004). Recent evidence suggests that different domains of ELA may have distinct effects on age at menarche, with threat-related stressors potentially accelerating development while deprivation-related stressors (e.g., nutritional and immunological challenges) may delay it (Glass et al., 2024). These early life experiences and their effects on sexual maturation may have cascading influences on women’s later-life reproductive outcomes, including age at marriage, first birth, and menopause, as well as lifetime fertility and pregnancy losses (Abu-Musa et al., 2008; Leone & Brown, 2020; Okeke et al., 2024). However, few studies have examined the influence of wartime ELAs on multiple reproductive outcomes. Further, most studies examining these relationships rely on cross-sectional data from women aged 49 or younger, or shorter-term longitudinal studies. These methodological constraints limit our ability to fully understand how ELA shapes complete reproductive trajectories across the lifespan.
Vietnam presents a unique case to understand how war-related ELA exposures affect women’s reproductive histories. Northern Vietnamese adults were exposed to various conflicts from the 1940s and onward, including the Indochina Wars and the American War of 1965–1975 (Korinek et al., 2019). The Vietnam Health and Aging Study (VHAS) provides a unique opportunity to examine how war-related ELA affects both age at menarche and lifetime reproductive outcomes using retrospective data spanning multiple decades (Korinek et al., 2019). This allows us to better understand the long-term implications of armed conflict on women’s reproductive life courses while considering both biological and social pathways through which these effects may operate.
Pre-Registration Contributors
Delaney Glass, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Signe Svallfors, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Tran Khanh Toan, Department of Family Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Tiziana Leone, Department of International Development, London School of Economics, London, UK
Anwesha Pan, Department of Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
Kim Korinek, Department of Sociology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United State
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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