3 research outputs found
A hajléktalan gyermekek és fiatalok számára nyújtandó traumainformált tanácsadás lehetőségei Zimbabwében
No full textThis article explores the role of trauma-informed counselling for homeless children and youths in Zimbabwe, a demographic group profoundly impacted by systematic poverty, family disintegration, and social exclusion. The study explores how homelessness affects their physical, mental and emotional well-being, influencing their behavior and shaping their coping mechanisms. The author emphasizes that trauma-informed counselling is an essential approach in the lives of young people going through the traumatic experiences of homelessness. The study examines how trauma-informed principles can guide therapeutic interventions, inform social policies, and empower both the practitioners and the youths. Integrating trauma-informed counselling principles, such as safety, trustworthiness, empowerment, and cultural relevance in youth shelters, community organizations, and health services leads to improved client engagement among homeless youths. The study underscores the importance of community-driven models, youth mentorship, and policy-level interventions to ensure sustainable psychosocial support.A tanulmány a traumainformált tanácsadás szerepét vizsgálja a zimbabwei hajléktalan gyermekek és fiatalok körében: egy olyan demográfiai csoportban, amelyet mélyen érint a rendszerszintű szegénység, a családok felbomlása és a társadalmi kirekesztés. A hajléktalanság befolyásolja a személyek fizikai, mentális és érzelmi jóllétét, ugyanakkor hatással van a viselkedésükre és alakítja a megküzdési mechanizmusaikat. A szerző felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy a traumára érzékeny szemléletű tanácsadás elengedhetetlen azoknak az esetében, akik olyan traumás élményeken mennek keresztül, mint a hajléktalanság. Vizsgálja, hogy a traumainformált alapelvek hogyan irányíthatják a terápiás beavatkozásokat, hogyan befolyásolhatják a szociálpolitikát, és hogyan erősíthetik mind a szociális szakemberek, mind a fiatalok pozícióját. A traumára érzékeny tanácsadás alapelvei, mint például a biztonság, a megbízhatóság, az önállóság és a kulturális relevancia integrálása a fiatalok számára létesített menhelyeken, a közösségi szervezetekben és az egészségügyi szolgáltatásokban javítja a hajléktalan fiatalok kezelés melletti elköteleződését. A tanulmány hangsúlyozza a közösségvezérelt modellek, a fiatalok mentorálása és a politikai szintű beavatkozások fontosságát – a fenntartható pszichoszociális támogatás biztosítása érdekében
The nexus of international humanitarian law and international human rights law application and enforcement in a non-international armed conflict: A study of the Mozambican armed conflict
No full textMozambique has experienced armed violence since its independence from the Portuguese. There has been a persistent security crisis perpetuated by different ideologies from Frelimo and Renamo, and, more recently, the inception of the Islamist armed group Al-Shabaab. As a result of armed clashes civilians have been succumbing to all forms of human rights violations including but not limited to maiming, torture, abduction, killings, all forms of sexual assault, and denial to access humanitarian assistance. The intensity and organization of these armed groups have given room for the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Mozambique's armed conflict. The paper relies on a qualitative methodology to investigate the complementarity of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in the Mozambican armed conflict. The study seeks to assess the extent of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights' application and enforcement in ensuring comprehensive protection of civilians in Mozambique. The author concludes that there is a nexus between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Mozambique's armed conflict, and that the complementary relationship has not ensured comprehensive protection of civilians
Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on child stunting and anaemia in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised trial.
No full textBACKGROUND: Child stunting reduces survival and impairs neurodevelopment. We tested the independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) on stunting and anaemia in in Zimbabwe. METHODS: We did a cluster-randomised, community-based, 2 × 2 factorial trial in two rural districts in Zimbabwe. Clusters were defined as the catchment area of between one and four village health workers employed by the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care. Women were eligible for inclusion if they permanently lived in clusters and were confirmed pregnant. Clusters were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to standard of care (52 clusters), IYCF (20 g of a small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement per day from age 6 to 18 months plus complementary feeding counselling; 53 clusters), WASH (construction of a ventilated improved pit latrine, provision of two handwashing stations, liquid soap, chlorine, and play space plus hygiene counselling; 53 clusters), or IYCF plus WASH (53 clusters). A constrained randomisation technique was used to achieve balance across the groups for 14 variables related to geography, demography, water access, and community-level sanitation coverage. Masking of participants and fieldworkers was not possible. The primary outcomes were infant length-for-age Z score and haemoglobin concentrations at 18 months of age among children born to mothers who were HIV negative during pregnancy. These outcomes were analysed in the intention-to-treat population. We estimated the effects of the interventions by comparing the two IYCF groups with the two non-IYCF groups and the two WASH groups with the two non-WASH groups, except for outcomes that had an important statistical interaction between the interventions. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01824940. FINDINGS: Between Nov 22, 2012, and March 27, 2015, 5280 pregnant women were enrolled from 211 clusters. 3686 children born to HIV-negative mothers were assessed at age 18 months (884 in the standard of care group from 52 clusters, 893 in the IYCF group from 53 clusters, 918 in the WASH group from 53 clusters, and 991 in the IYCF plus WASH group from 51 clusters). In the IYCF intervention groups, the mean length-for-age Z score was 0·16 (95% CI 0·08-0·23) higher and the mean haemoglobin concentration was 2·03 g/L (1·28-2·79) higher than those in the non-IYCF intervention groups. The IYCF intervention reduced the number of stunted children from 620 (35%) of 1792 to 514 (27%) of 1879, and the number of children with anaemia from 245 (13·9%) of 1759 to 193 (10·5%) of 1845. The WASH intervention had no effect on either primary outcome. Neither intervention reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea at 12 or 18 months. No trial-related serious adverse events, and only three trial-related adverse events, were reported. INTERPRETATION: Household-level elementary WASH interventions implemented in rural areas in low-income countries are unlikely to reduce stunting or anaemia and might not reduce diarrhoea. Implementation of these WASH interventions in combination with IYCF interventions is unlikely to reduce stunting or anaemia more than implementation of IYCF alone. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, UK Department for International Development, Wellcome Trust, Swiss Development Cooperation, UNICEF, and US National Institutes of Health.The SHINE trial is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1021542 and OPP113707); UK Department for International Development; Wellcome Trust, UK (093768/Z/10/Z, 108065/Z/15/Z and 203905/Z/16/Z); Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; US National Institutes of Health (2R01HD060338-06); and UNICEF (PCA-2017-0002)
