1,600 research outputs found
Citizen participation in news
No full textThe process of producing news has changed significantly due to the advent of the Web, which has enabled the increasing involvement of citizens in news production. This trend has been given many names, including participatory journalism, produsage, and crowd-sourced journalism, but these terms are ambiguous and have been applied inconsistently, making comparison of news systems difficult. In particular, it is problematic to distinguish the levels of citizen involvement, and therefore the extent to which news production has genuinely been opened up. In this paper we perform an analysis of 32 online news systems, comparing them in terms of how much power they give to citizens at each stage of the news production process. Our analysis reveals a diverse landscape of news systems and shows that they defy simplistic categorisation, but it also provides the means to compare different approaches in a systematic and meaningful way. We combine this with four case studies of individual stories to explore the ways that news stories can move and evolve across this landscape. Our conclusions are that online news systems are complex and interdependent, and that most do not involve citizens to the extent that the terms used to describe them imply
Writing from the shadowlands: how cross-cultural literature negotiates the legacy of Edward Said
No full textThis thesis examines the impact of Edward Said's influential work Orientalism and its legacy in respect of contemporary reading and writing across cultures. It also questions the legitimacy of Said's retrospective stereotyping of early examples of cross-cultural representation in literature as uncompromisingly 'orientalist'.
It is well known that the release of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978 was responsible for the rise of a range of cultural and critical theories from multiculturalism to postcolonialism. It was a study that not only polarized critics and forced scholars to re-examine orientalist archives, but persuaded creative writers to re-think their ethnographic positions when it came to the literary representations of cultures other than their own. Without detracting from the enormous impact of Said, this thesis isolates gaps and silences in Said that need correcting. Furthermore, there is an element of intransigence, an uncompromising refusal to fine-tune what is essentially a binary discourse of the West and its other in Said's work, that encourages the continued interrogation of power relations but which, because of its very boldness, paradoxically disallows the extent to which the conflict of cultures indeed produced new, hybrid social and cultural formations.
In an attempt to challenge the severity of Said's claim that 'every European, in what he could say about the Orient, was consequently a racist, an imperialist, and almost totally ethnocentric', the thesis examines a number of different discursive contexts in which such a presumption is challenged. Thus while the second chapter discusses the 'traditional' profession-based orientalism of nineteenth-century E. G. Browne, the third considers the anti-imperialism of colonial administrator Leonard Woolf. The fourth chapter provides a reflection on the difficulties of diasporic 'orientalism' through the works of Michael Ondaatje while chapter five demonstrates the effects of the dialogism used by Amitav Ghosh as a defence against 'orientalism'. The thesis concludes with an examination of contemporary writing by Andrea Levy that appositely illustrates the legacy of Said's influence.
While the restrictive parameters of Said's work make it difficult to mount a thorough-going critique of Said, this thesis shows that, indeed, it is within the restraints of these parameters and in the very discourse that Said employs that he traps himself. This study claims that even Said is susceptible to 'orientalist' criticism in that he is as much an 'orientalist' as those at whom he directs his polemic
Slaves, Slaveholders, and a Kentucky Community\u27s Struggle Toward Freedom
No full textCountless lives were transformed by the war that split the nation, and many stories are yet to be revealed about how the Civil War and the Reconstruction era affected Kentuckians. One such narrative is that of Sandy Holt, who, in the summer of 1864, joined tens of thousands of former slaves and enlisted in the United States Colored Troops. He put his life on the line to secure the Union\u27s survival and the end of slavery. Hundreds of miles away in a federal office, Sandy Holt\u27s former owner, Joseph Holt, worked to achieve the same goals. No one could have predicted before the Civil War that these two very different but interconnected Kentuckians would be crucial participants in the Union war effort. Joseph Holt\u27s radical transformation and the contributions of black Kentuckians in the United States Colored Troops have long been underestimated.
In Slaves, Slaveholders, and a Kentucky Community\u27s Struggle toward Freedom, author Elizabeth D. Leonard examines a community of black and white Kentuckians whose lives were intertwined throughout the Civil War era. Bringing new insights into the life and legacy of Breckinridge County native Joseph Holt, Leonard exposes the origins of Holt\u27s evolution from slave owner to member of Lincoln\u27s War Department, where he became a powerful advocate for the abolition of slavery and the enlistment of former bondsmen. Digging deep into Holt\u27s past, Leonard explores the lives of Holt\u27s extended family members and also traces the experiences and efforts of Sandy Holt and other slaves-turned-soldiers from Breckinridge County and its periphery. Many ran from bondage to fight for freedom in the Union army and returned, hoping to claim the promises of Emancipation. The interwoven stories of Joseph and Sandy Holt, and their shared Kentucky community during and after the war, show how a small corner of this border state experienced one of the most defining conflicts in American history.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_cr/1015/thumbnail.jp
Genetically modified human CD4(+) T cells can be evaluated in vivo without lethal graft-versus-host disease
No full textAdoptive cell immunotherapy for human diseases, including the use of T cells modified to express an anti-tumour T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor, is showing promise as an effective treatment modality. Further advances would be accelerated by the availability of a mouse model that would permit human T-cell engineering protocols and proposed genetic modifications to be evaluated in vivo. NOD-scid IL2rγ(null) (NSG) mice accept the engraftment of mature human T cells; however, long-term evaluation of transferred cells has been hampered by the xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that occurs soon after cell transfer. We modified human primary CD4(+) T cells by lentiviral transduction to express a human TCR that recognizes a pancreatic beta cell-derived peptide in the context of HLA-DR4. The TCR-transduced cells were transferred to NSG mice engineered to express HLA-DR4 and to be deficient for murine class II MHC molecules. CD4(+) T-cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also transferred to facilitate engraftment. The transduced cells exhibited long-term survival (up to 3 months post-transfer) and lethal GVHD was not observed. This favourable outcome was dependent upon the pre-transfer T-cell transduction and culture conditions, which influenced both the kinetics of engraftment and the development of GVHD. This approach should now permit human T-cell transduction protocols and genetic modifications to be evaluated in vivo, and it should also facilitate the development of human disease models that incorporate human T cells
From Prose to Policy: Leonard Woolf’s Literary Journey from Unconscious Imperialist to Conscientious Internationalist
No full text*Designated as an exemplary master's project for 2015-16*Leonard Woolf used writing, both fiction and non-fiction, to work through many of the issues of colonialism which he encountered both in his direct experience as part of the colonial administration of Ceylon and in his subsequent extensive research. This paper will show how, through this process, he went from being a “very innocent, unconscious imperialist” to what he would term an internationalist. It will trace his growth as a writer, looking in detail at the three short stories that make up the collection Stories of The East, and the novel The Village in the Jungle. Additionally, it will illustrate how he used his fiction to begin to articulate some of the issues that he would later write about in policy documents, in particular Economic Imperialism. Leonard’s observations and thoughts on imperialism went against the thinking of the establishment and some of his Bloomsbury contemporaries. It could be argued that they were ahead of their time. As such, this work will occasionally compare the writing of more contemporary writers on the subject, such as Edward Said, with those of Leonard’s to illustrate the level of analysis and perception Leonard brought to his work. Leonard himself did not see his work either as an author of fiction or as a political research and policy advocate as having had very much of an impact. However, his fiction while mainly ignored in the West, is still read and discussed widely in its subject country of Sri Lanka and the themes of his political research still resonate today
Balanced Leonard pairs
No full textAbstractLet K denote a field, and let V denote a vector space over K with finite positive dimension. By a Leonard pair on V we mean an ordered pair of linear transformations A:V→V and A∗:V→V that satisfy the following two conditions:(i)There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing A∗ is diagonal.(ii)There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A∗ is irreducible tridiagonal and the matrix representing A is diagonal.Let v0∗,v1∗,…,vd∗ (respectively v0,v1,…,vd) denote a basis for V that satisfies (i) (respectively (ii)). For 0⩽i⩽d, let ai denote the coefficient of vi∗, when we write Avi∗ as a linear combination of v0∗,v1∗,…,vd∗, and let ai∗ denote the coefficient of vi, when we write A∗vi as a linear combination of v0,v1,…,vd.In this paper we show a0=ad if and only if a0∗=ad∗. Moreover we show that for d⩾1 the following are equivalent; (i) a0=ad and a1=ad−1; (ii) a0∗=ad∗ and a1∗=ad-1∗; (iii) ai=ad−i and ai∗=ad-i∗ for 0⩽i⩽d. These give a proof of a conjecture by the second author. We say A, A∗ is balanced whenever ai=ad−i and ai∗=ad-i∗ for 0⩽i⩽d. We say A,A∗ is essentially bipartite (respectively essentially dual bipartite) whenever ai (respectively ai∗) is independent of i for 0⩽i⩽d. Observe that if A, A∗ is essentially bipartite or dual bipartite, then A, A∗ is balanced. For d≠2, we show that if A, A∗ is balanced then A, A∗ is essentially bipartite or dual bipartite
Immunological mutants of the mouse.
No full textMutations at more than 30 loci in mice have been shown to cause deleterious effects on the immune system. Immunologic defects caused by certain of these mutations are determined at the level of hematopoietic progenitor cells or at the level of hematopoietic cell-stromal cell interactions. The immunological mutants described in this paper serve as experimental tools with which to increase our understanding of the development and regulation of the mammalian immune system
Intangible assets and national income accounting: measuring a scientific revolution
No full textIn this paper the author relates the measurement of intangibles to the project of measuring the sources of growth. He focuses on three related and difficult areas of the measurement of national income: the measurement of new goods, the deflation of intangible investment, and the divergence between the social and private valuations of intangible assets. The author argues that the economic theory and practice underlying measurement of these items is currently controversial and incomplete, and he points toward how concretely to move forward.
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