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Significant range extensions for two caddid harvestmen in eastern North America Caddo pepperella and Acropsopilio boopis (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Caddidae)
Shultz, Jeffrey W. (2013): Significant range extensions for two caddid harvestmen in eastern North America Caddo pepperella and Acropsopilio boopis (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Caddidae). Zootaxa 3637 (1): 94-96, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3637.1.1
A new species of Leiobunum from Arizona, U. S. A. highlights the limits of typological classification in harvestmen (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae)
Shultz, Jeffrey W. (2018): A new species of Leiobunum from Arizona, U. S. A. highlights the limits of typological classification in harvestmen (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae). Zootaxa 4370 (1): 67-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.
Leiobunum C. L. Koch 1839
Genus <i>Leiobunum</i> C. L. Koch, 1839 <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Phalangium rotundum</i> Latreille, 1798</p>Published as part of <i>Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2018, A new species of Leiobunum from Arizona, U. S. A. highlights the limits of typological classification in harvestmen (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae), pp. 67-75 in Zootaxa 4370 (1)</i> on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1138538">http://zenodo.org/record/1138538</a>
Figure 2 in A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters
Figure 2. Fully resolved phylogenetic hypotheses of extant euchelicerate groups proposed in the recent literature. Note the similarity in the topologies of the parsimony-based analyses by Shultz (1990), Wheeler & Hayashi (1998) and Giribet et al. (2002). The Giribet et al. topology is based on neontological data (morphology and molecules) and the original 'ROOT' may be an artefact from use of the highly divergent pycnogonids as an outgroup.Published as part of Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2007, A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters, pp. 221-265 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x, http://zenodo.org/record/542964
A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters
Figure 4. Consensus trees produced by parsimony analysis of the full data matrix constrained to produce relationships proposed in the recent literature. See legend to Figure 3 for details.Published as part of Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2007, A phylogenetic analysis of the arachnid orders based on morphological characters, pp. 221-265 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (2) on page 233, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00284.x, http://zenodo.org/record/542964
FIGURE 1 in Significant range extensions for two caddid harvestmen in eastern North America Caddo pepperella and Acropsopilio boopis (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Caddidae)
FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Caddo pepperella (open circles) and Acropsopilio boopis (filled circles) in eastern North America. Photo of C. pepperella courtesy of Joe Warfel. Data from Levi et al. (1959), Shear (1975), Shultz & Regier (2009), Walker (1928) and one original observation: 1 female, U.S.A.: Wisconsin: Langlade County, Kempster, Black Oak Lake Bog, Berelese ex. Sphagnum, lat. 45.3043°, long. -89.2145°, 5 Aug. 1977, J. Wagner [Field Museum of Natural History: 77-303].Published as part of Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2013, Significant range extensions for two caddid harvestmen in eastern North America Caddo pepperella and Acropsopilio boopis (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Caddidae), pp. 94-96 in Zootaxa 3637 (1) on page 95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3637.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/526251
FIGURE 3 in On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
FIGURE 3. MicroCT images of a male of Phalangium opilio (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Phalangiidae) with everted penis, latero-ventral view. Inset shows detail of penis sheath, latero-dorsal view. P: penis, S: penis sheath, Asterisk marks the loop of the proximal region of the sheath when the penis is everted. MicroCT images courtesy of Rachel Werneck.Published as part of Pérez-González, Abel & Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2021, On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida), pp. 294-298 in Zootaxa 4915 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/445429
FIGURE 2 in On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
FIGURE 2. Female and male Gagrellinae (Opiliones: Eupnoi: Sclerosomatidae) in copula. P: penis, S: penis sheath, ♀: female, Ƌ: male. Photo courtesy of Melvyn Yeo, taken in Johor, Malaysia.Published as part of <i>Pérez-González, Abel & Shultz, Jeffrey W., 2021, On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida), pp. 294-298 in Zootaxa 4915 (2)</i> on page 296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.2.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4454298">http://zenodo.org/record/4454298</a>
On the problematic placement of the fossil arthropod Devonopilio hutchinsoni in Opiliones (Arachnida)
Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) were among the earliest terrestrial arthropods but their unmineralized exoskeletons are scarce and often fragmentary as fossils (Palencia et al. 2019). Consequently, the discovery and interpretations of fossil harvestmen from the early Palaeozoic can have disproportionate effects on the understanding of evolution in Opiliones. Recently, Devonopilio hutchinsoni Tihelka, Tian & Cai, 2020, was described as a new fossil harvestman from the well-known Rhynie chert deposits of Scotland, an important source of information on freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems of the early Devonian (Tihelka et al. 2020). This species would be one of the earliest records of harvestmen. The description was based on a single slide showing fragments of arthropod cuticle, which Tihelka et al. interpreted as a harvestmen penis and unspecified associated body parts. As specialists on harvestman morphology and systematics, we were intrigued by these conclusions. However, based on the material presented by Tihelka et al. we find no compelling evidence supporting the proposal that the specimen is a harvestman.Fil: Pérez González, Abel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Shultz, Jeffrey W.. University of Maryland; Estados Unido
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