22 research outputs found
Aplipoprotein E genotyping: accurate, simple, high throughput method using ABI Prism® SNaPshot™ Multiplex System
No full textPublic Bus Transport Reform and Service Contract in Arao
No full textAbstractConfronting with declined passengers and increased subsidy, Arao city government has taken a plan for reforming public bus transport since 2005. The monopoly operating right of public bus transport service was transferred to one private company. This paper summarizes the valuable experience of public transport reforms by analyzing the subsidy and efficiency before and after the reform in Arao. The reform has proven be influential on reducing subsidy. However, it is hard to balance the service level and cost thus subsidy. By summarizing the characteristic of the reform, results show that introduction of competitive tendering is necessary in a long time in the reform afterward. Moreover, an appropriate contract and regulatory rules that contract parties both operator and authority in the provision of the services are important as well
Principios de la psicología ambiental para el diseño de una organización espacial terapéutica en la propuesta arquitectónica de una clínica especializada en atención de salud mental pediátrica
No full textRESUMEN
La presente investigación corresponde a la aplicación de algunos de los principios de la
psicología ambiental en diferentes espacios arquitectónicos influenciados por la
configuración espacial terapéutica, específicamente para aquellas que se desarrollan en
un establecimiento de Salud, tal como es el caso de la Clínica Especializada en Salud
Mental Pediátrica.
Se propone una solución espacial arquitectónica que pretende la utilización de los
factores climáticos conjugados con los elementos paisajísticos, el color y el
emplazamiento adecuado donde se logre una relación del individuo con su entorno y
percepción conductual óptima.
El autor desarrolla el documento en siete capítulos cada uno con sus respectivos
esquemas desarrollo, en el primer capítulo se desarrolla el planteamiento de la
problemática que enmarca la investigación, la justificación en cuanto a la necesidad de
realizar el presente estudio, las limitaciones que podrían dificultar su desarrollo y cuáles
son los objetivos que se pretenden alcanzar con esta investigación.
El segundo capítulo contiene en recopilación de investigaciones realizadas anteriormente
por diferentes autores, considerados como referentes importantes para el desarrollo de la
investigación; consecutivamente se desarrollan las bases teóricas que sustentan el
presente trabajo, y luego la definición de los términos utilizados en la tesis para lograr un
óptimo entendimiento de la investigación.
El tercer capítulo es conformado por la formulación de la hipótesis donde se definen de
forma general las variables que serán objeto de la investigación.
A partir del cuarto capítulo se desarrolla la aplicación de la investigación en el elemento
arquitectónico.ABSTRACT
This research is the implementation of some of the principles of environmental
psychology in different architectural spaces influenced by therapeutic spatial
configuration, specifically for those that take place in a health facility, as is the case
with the Specialized Health Clinic Pediatric Mental.
An architectural spatial solution intended use of climatic factors conjugated
landscape features, color and suitable location where individual's relationship with
their environment and achieve optimal behavioral perception is proposed.
The author develops the document into seven chapters each with their development
schemes, in the first chapter the approach to the problem framing the research is
conducted, the justification regarding the need for this study, the limitations that
could hinder development and what the objectives to be achieved with this research
are.
The second chapter contains compilation of research previously carried out by
different authors considered important references for the development of research;
consecutively theoretical bases that support this work, then the definition of terms
used in the thesis for optimal understanding of the research are developed.
The third chapter is comprised of the formulation of the hypothesis which is
generally defined variables that are under investigation.
From the fourth chapter the application of research on architectural element is
developed
The Birth of the Author,Osamu Dazai -about the meaning on his penname-
No full textP(論文)departmental bulletin pape
INSULIN RECEPTOR SUBSTRATE 1 GENE VARIATION MODIFIES INSULIN RESISTANCE RESPONSE TO VARIOUS TYPES OF DIETARY STRATEGIES: RESULTS FROM THE DIRECT INTERVENTION TRIAL
No full text<Articles>The Transformation of the Official Bureaucracy of the Imperial Court during the Kamakura and Nanbokuchō Periods
No full text本稿は中世朝廷社会の中における官司制度や官司諸職の特質とその変遷を分析するものである。まず、官司知行の問題を再検討し、知行の実質は官司諸職に付随する「務」の知行であるとして、「務」の概念を提起した上で、鎌倉期の官司運営の体制を「務―年預」と捉え直した。後嵯峨治世期以降の鎌倉後期、治天が務や年預の補任、相伝を改変することで官司運営に介入するようになった。それを官司領の復興などを目指す朝廷徳政としての諸司興行の一環と捉えることが可能である。諸司興行は南北朝期以後も存在し、戦乱の十四世紀中頃をピークに治天が拡大させる形で運用した結果、勅裁による官司諸職の個別的改変は多発し、官司制度に大きく影響を与えた。一部の官司では「務―年預」体制が分断され、務や年預の内実も特定の官司領へと一円化・同質化した。こうした細分化、錯綜した官司諸職の知行関係は応安年間の諸司興行の公的停止により定着し、室町期に継承されていく。This article focuses on the bureaucratic system (官司制度kanshi seido) of the medieval Japanese court and specific government positions (kanshi shoshiki 官司諸職) within it, including their structure and transformation. As the author points out in the introduction, where he systematically review earlier research, previous research on this problem has too often linked the transformation to individual families and neglected the top-down influence of royal power. This shortcoming has its roots in Satō Shinichiʼs theory of the kanshi ukeoi sei 官司請負制(the system of families inheriting government posts). According to this theory, official positions were closely related to family occupations and income, which was a key feature of the Ōchō kokka 王朝国家(the dynastic state, which started in the 10th century). In recent years, Endō Tamaki, one of the most prominent researchers on the official bureaucracy of the imperial court, has advanced Satōʼs conclusions in her analysis of the structure of the official bureaucratic system, but the problems mentioned above remain unsolved. Studies of the political history of the late Kamakura court has progressed in recent years, and the author draws on these results to expand our understanding of the bureaucratic system and shift it from the focus on individual families to the political history of the court. In this regard, the author questions how the intervention of kingship gradually dissolved the bureaucratic hierarchy in the officialdom of the imperial court, and how the dissolution of the hierarchy further led to changes in the ʻownershipʼ of official positions. In the first section, the author focuses on the characteristics of the imperial bureaucracy and official positions in the early Kamakura period, and redefines the concept of kanshi chigyō 官司知行(control of official positions) proposed by scholars such as Satō and Endō. The author stresses the importance of mu 務, or actual operation, and argues that the essence of the kanshi chigyō was the control of mu. Originally, the term mu referred to the actual operation of each office, but in the medieval period it also referred to the person in charge of these affairs, usually the chief of the department. In fact, it could either be the person who held the title of chief, or a person without the title but who exerted influence over the department externally. Based on this finding, the author then explores the lower-level bureaucrats who were responsible for the actual operation of each department during the medieval period and who were generally called nenʼyo 年預, and then proposes the concept of a mu-nenʼyo system 務年預体制. As the mu was authorized to appoint a nenʼyo, this demonstrates a kind of bureaucratic hierarchy. Although mu and nenʼyo were relatively independent in the beginning, the chiten 治天(the emperor or retired emperor, who was the de facto ruler) exerted increased influence over the appointment of both positions as time went on. In the second section, the author discusses the changes in the mu-nenʼyo system, mainly in the context of currents in the political history of the court in the late Kamakura period. Endōʼs study does not take note of this dynamic aspect, but merely focuses on the static hierarchy between the nenʼyo and superior nobles. However, the author argues that the influence of the chiten was evident in the late Kamakura period. Clearly, this could be linked to the context of ryōtō tetsuritsu 両統迭立(alternating rule of the two imperial factions), but more importantly, it was the result of the courtʼs own initiative to implement the policy of shoshi kōgyō 諸司興行(promoting the restoration of the privileges to officials in the bureaucracy). With the aim of shoshi kōgyō, the chiten began to intervene in the personnel appointment of the mu and the nenʼyo, and to the extent of allowing the inheritance of the nenʼyo. This significantly altered the traditional structure of the mu-nenʼyo system and led to the collapse of the hierarchy and the homogenization of mu and nenʼyo, both of which began to develop into a form of property that was closely linked to the lands tied to these posts. In the third section, the author goes on to consider how the tumultuous period of the Northern and Southern Courts impacted the mu-nenʼyo system. During this period, there was an accelerated appearance of the phenomena observed in the late Kamakura period, as the chiten of both the Northern and Southern Courts began to dominate the aristocracy and frustrated lower bureaucrats by controlling and granting mu and nenʼyo posts. This resulted in the fragmentation of the mu-nenʼyo system and the change in inherent nature of mu and nenʼyo. At that time, the mu and nenʼyo came to be tied to specific official territories. The intricate official relationship of control of mu and nenʼyo that had resulted from the changes of the chiten became fixed in the Ōan 応安era with the formal cessation of shoshi kōgyō policy of the court, which also marked the beginning of the official bureaucratic system of the Muromachi period. Through the above examination, the author would like to point out not only the influence of the kingship on the changes in the official bureaucracy in the medieval times, but also the correlation between the changes in the bureaucratic system and the concurrent deterioration of the shōen kōryōsei 荘園公領制(the system of communal lands and private estates). This signifies, moreover, that the study of the court bureaucracy can be an important bridge to the larger subject of medieval society and kingship
Clinical-biochemical correlation in molecularly characterized patients with Niemann-Pick type C
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