54 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Introduction, Copyright's Paradox
No full textThe United States Supreme Court famously labeled copyright “the engine of free expression” because it provides a vital economic incentive for much of the literature, commentary, music, art, and film that makes up our public discourse. Yet today’s greatly expanded copyright law often does the opposite—it can be used to quash news reporting, political commentary, church dissent, historical scholarship, cultural critique, and artistic expression.In Copyright’s Paradox, Neil Weinstock Netanel explores the tensions between copyright law and free speech concerns, revealing how copyright law can impose unacceptable burdens on speech. Netanel provides concrete illustrations of how copyright often prevents speakers from effectively conveying their message, tracing this conflict across both traditional and digital media and considering current controversies such as the YouTube and MySpace copyright infringement cases, Hip-hop music and digital sampling, and the Google Book Search litigation. The author juxtaposes the dramatic expansion of copyright holders’ proprietary control against the individual’s newly found ability to digitally cut, paste, edit, remix, and distribute sound recordings, movies, TV programs, graphics, and texts the world over. He tests whether, in light of these developments and others, copyright still serves as a vital engine of free expression and he assesses how copyright does--and does not--burden speech. Taking First Amendment values as his lodestar, Netanel argues that copyright should be limited to how it can best promote robust debate and expressive diversity, and he presents a blueprint for how that can be accomplished.Copyright and free speech will always stand in some tension. But, as Netanel demonstrates, there are ways in which copyright can continue to serve as an engine of free expression while leaving ample room for speakers to build on copyrighted works to convey their message, express their personal commitments, and fashion new art
New Mn Electrochemistry for Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries: Promising Directions Based on Preliminary Results
No full textAqueous batteries with metal anodes exhibit robust anodic capacities, but their energy densities are low because of the limited potential stabilities of aqueous electrolyte solutions. Current metal options, such as Zn and Al, pose a dilemma: Zn lacks a sufficiently low redox potential, whereas Al tends to be strongly oxidized in aqueous environments. Our investigation introduces a novel rechargeable aqueous battery system based on Mn as the anode. We examine the effects of anions, electrolyte concentration, and diverse cathode chemistries. Notably, the ClO4-based electrolyte solution exhibits improved deposition and dissolution efficiencies. Although stainless steel (SS 316 L) and Ni are stable current collectors for cathodes, they display limitations as anodes. However, using Ti as the anode resulted in increased Mn deposition and dissolution efficiencies. Moreover, we evaluate this system using various cathode materials, including Mn-intercalation-based inorganic (Ag0.33V2O5) and organic (perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride) cathodes and an anion-intercalation-chemistry (coronene)-based cathode. These configurations yield markedly higher output potentials compared to those of Zn metal batteries, highlighting the potential for an augmented energy density when using an Mn anode. This study outlines a systematic approach for use in optimizing metal anodes in Mn metal batteries, unlocking novel prospects for Mn-based batteries with diverse cathode chemistries. © 2024 The Author(s). Energy & Environmental Materials published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Zhengzhou University.TRUEsciescopu
Expert Opinion and Reform in Anglo-American, Continental, and Israeli Adjudication
No full textThe factual framework of modem litigation has become increasingly technical and complex; this development poses new challenges for traditional fact-finders. More and more, expert witnesses are being used to assist judges and juries in the factfinding process. This Article examines the role of the expert witness in the common-law and civil-law judicial systems, emphasizing the manner in which the divergent systems have responded to the need for reform in this area. The author then examines the role of the expert in the hybrid Israeli judicial system, which is rooted in both the civil-law and common-law traditions. Finally, the author demonstrates the relationship between prevailing attitudes toward the nature of adjudication and the response to pressure for the reform of the adjudicative process
Expert Opinion and Reform in Anglo-American, Continental, and Israeli Adjudication
No full textThe factual framework of modem litigation has become increasingly technical and complex; this development poses new challenges for traditional fact-finders. More and more, expert witnesses are being used to assist judges and juries in the factfinding process. This Article examines the role of the expert witness in the common-law and civil-law judicial systems, emphasizing the manner in which the divergent systems have responded to the need for reform in this area. The author then examines the role of the expert in the hybrid Israeli judicial system, which is rooted in both the civil-law and common-law traditions. Finally, the author demonstrates the relationship between prevailing attitudes toward the nature of adjudication and the response to pressure for the reform of the adjudicative process
Laser exfoliated 2D MXene for supercapacitor applications
No full textMXenes-based compounds, particularly Ti3C2Tx, have been studied intensively as electrodes for supercapacitors due to their layered structure and high conductivity, enabling facile ion diffusion and charge transfer. However, tight restacking of the 2D layers in these materials limits their practical, accessible surface area, thereby impeding their capacity and rate capability performance. To mitigate this phenomenon, we present a new approach using a processing method based on laser beam irradiation to modify Ti3C2Tx films. We found that the laser treatment induces chemical and morphological changes, ultimately optimizing the stacking arrangement of the MXene electrodes and consequently enhancing their capacity in both neutral and acidic electrolytes. Furthermore, the laser-modified MXene electrodes demonstrate excellent rate capabilities, showing 84 % retention at extreme rates of 0.5 V compared to only 33 % of the original Ti3C2Tx electrodes. Finally, we discuss the chemical and physical changes induced by the laser treatments and their influence on the electrochemical behavior of the lasered MXene. The principles of laser exfoliation discovered in this study can be implemented in broader 2D materials for various applications
In Situ Porous Structure Characterization of Electrodes for Energy Storage and Conversion by EQCM-D: a Review
No full textπ-Electron-Assisted Charge Storage in Fused-Ring Aromatic Carbonyl Electrodes for Aqueous Manganese-Ion Batteries
No full textRechargeable manganese batteries hold promise for large-scale energy storage due to the abundance and eco-friendly nature of manganese. A key challenge is developing cathode materials capable of reversibly inserting Mn ions with a high specific capacity. Here, we demonstrate that perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride electrodes efficiently and reversibly insert Mn2+ ions in 3 M MnCl2 aqueous electrolyte solutions. Leveraging the carbonyl groups and the π-electron configuration, such compounds can serve as robust redox centers, facilitating reversible interactions with divalent ions such as Mn2+. Through comprehensive studies involving electrochemistry, elemental analyses, spectroscopy, and structural analysis, we explored these systems and found them as promising anode materials for Mn batteries. Demonstrating excellent Mn storage capabilities, such molecules could attain a reversible capacity of approximately >185 mAh g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1, maintaining an average voltage of approximately 0.8 V vs Mn/Mn2+, while exhibiting notable capacity retention. © 2024 American Chemical Society.FALSEsciescopu
Recommended from our members
Is Copyright Property? The Debate in Jewish Law
No full textIs copyright a property right? That question raises a host of thorny theoretical issues regarding the foundational underpinnings of both copyright and property. The notion that if copyright is “property,” it will or should resemble a perpetual, absolute, pre-political property right, has repeatedly infused judicial proceedings, legislative enactments, and public debate in both common law and civil law countries as well.Like their common law and civil law counterparts, Jewish law jurists have engaged in protracted debate about whether copyright is a property right. Recent decades have seen numerous rabbinic court decisions, responsa (rulings in disputes or advisory opinions coupled with a lengthy exegesis on Jewish law in answer to questions posed), scholarly articles, and blog entries on such issues as whether it is permissible, without license from the author or publisher, to republish a book after the rabbinic printing privilege has expired; to copy and distribute software or sound recordings; to perform music in wedding halls; to make copies for classroom use; and to download songs from the Internet. And like in secular law, but for somewhat different reasons, the characterization of copyright as “property” has significant doctrinal consequences for resolution of these controversies in Jewish law.There are numerous, and at times profound, differences in the terminology, form of argument, doctrinal specifics, and overarching legal framework of Jewish law and secular law in this area and others. Nonetheless, the arguments within the Jewish law debate have some intriguing parallels with those of secular law copyright. In fact, one finds the direct, if largely unstated, influence of secular copyright just below the surface in the debate about whether copyright is property in Jewish law
- …
