16 research outputs found
Mouse click plagiarism: can technology help to fight back?
No full textMany students arrive at university accustomed to adopting the internet as their primary source of information, but with no prior experience of referencing. This raises issues of the reliability and validity of digital sources, as well as bringing new opportunities for cheating. The internet has made plagiarism quicker and easier; a student simply needs to click the mouse to copy and paste sections of text. The author is interested in the process of academic writing and how, if the text is constructed by a couple of clicks, learning may be limited. This small scale study explores students’ perceptions, knowledge and experience of referencing, plagiarism and the text-matching software, Turnitin. Using an online survey and focus groups, the practitioner endeavours to see if technology can be used to deter plagiarism and enhance the student learning experience. The study concludes that, while students superficially understand plagiarism, they struggle with the importance and conventions of referencing. Students require (and expect) early and appropriate educational support to adopt the cultural norms of higher education and learn the process of reading, analysing, synthesising and acknowledging the work of others. Turnitin has limitations, but it does appear to be effective at deterring plagiarism and has the potential to be a learning tool, if introduced and used appropriately
How writing faculty write: strategies for process, product, and productivity
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Examines the writing processes of fifteen diverse writing faculty, revealing how each scholar develops an idea, conducts research, drafts and revises a manuscript, and pursues publication, through in-depth interviews--provided by publisher.Introduction: Faculty Writing as a Research Area for Rhetoric and Composition -- 1. Cynthia Selfe -- 2. Joseph Harris -- 3. Dànielle DeVoss -- 4. Melanie Yergeau -- 5. Jessica Enoch -- 6. Jonathan Alexander -- 7. Kathleen Yancey -- 8. Chris Anson -- 9. Duane Roen -- 10. Cheryl Glenn -- 11. Malea Powell -- 12. Howard Tinberg -- 13. Thomas Rickert -- 14. Jacqueline Royster -- 15. Kristine Blair -- 16. Carving Out a Writing Life in the Discipline of Rhetoric and Composition: What We Can Learn from Writing Faculty -- Afterword -- Appendix: Sample Interview Question
AGU hydrology days 2016
No full text2016 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 21 - March 23, 2016.Includes bibliographical references.The objective of this research is to use machine learning for the synthesis of stream discharge – gage height rating curves from easily measurable hydrogeologic parameters. A machine learning algorithm would require as input a compilation of relevant hydrogeologic parameters for each gaging station. Since such a compilation does not yet exist, the first step has been to create a conceptual framework that identifies the relevant hydrogeologic parameters that would need to be compiled. Frequent reverse flow or flood waves preclude the existence of a rating curve (unique relationship between gage height and discharge). If a rating curve exists, then a stable channel has a power-law rating curve. Deviations from the power-law curve result from deposition (power-starvation) or scouring (sediment-starvation), which could occur at the high or low range of discharge or both. The eight types of deviation (including no deviation) from the power-law curve can be regarded as eight functional forms of rating curves, which can be represented as lines, parabolas or cubic polynomials on plots of the Z-scores of the logarithms of gage height and discharge. Rating curves can be classified into the eight types based on the hydrogeologic criteria of (1) stream slope (2) relative erodibility of the stream banks (3) distance to the nearest upstream and downstream confluences with relatively significant discharge. USGS gaging stations in Utah were chosen randomly until each of the eight types of rating curves was found. The first example of each type was shown to be consistent with the corresponding hydrogeologic criteria
Shifting to a circular approach in publishing research data:new opportunities to develop and promote ideas and curricula in vascular biology
No full textThe new journal Vascular Biology was established in January 2019 and currently 27 papers have already been published, are in press, submitted or in preparation. In addition, the Journal expanded its associate editorial team to cover Middle East countries, Asia, and South America. Most of the received articles were review articles. The next step in the Journal’s agenda is offering new opportunities to the authors and readers, thereby keeping abreast of the latest developments in science reporting.Looking at the web on new trends in research publications, I was fascinated by a post entitled “Emerging Trends in the Academic Publishing Lifecycle” written by Christine Tulley for Scholarly Kitchen, What’s Hot and Cooking In Scholarly Publishing https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2019/03/27/guest-post-emerging-trends-in-the-academic-publishing-lifecycle/.Cristine is Professor of English and Director of the Masters in Rhetoric and Writing Program and Academic Development Coordinator at The University of Findlay, Ohio. Her post was based on a presentation at the 2019 Researcher to Reader Conference in London and her recently published review article (1); she posits that the academic publication lifecycle has undergone radical changes over the past several years, which may have a significant impact on how research findings will be written, published, promoted, and read in the future.She mentions analogous conclusion being drawn by early career researchers (2) and an investigation conducted by Bec Evans and Chris Smith from Prolifko on the publishing habits of a cohort of about 600 academics (https://www.slideshare.net/swarmcomms/the-life-of-a-productive-academic-author). The latter report highlights how publication goals and pressure change throughout an academic’s career. Early release of accepted research is imperative for US-based faculty on a tenure track as well as EU fellows who must publish as much as possible within the first 5–7 years of hire. Established researchers may be under different pressure to accomplish research, administration and teaching goals. It is therefore important that publishers better intercept and give voice to these different needs.Christine affirms that the change is not only generational, or career related, rather reflects a conceptual shift in reporting science and developing curricula. In her post, she first describes the traditional linear model, by which research moves from the idea to publish to the actual publication stage. A team of scientists/academics conducts a study or develops an idea, submits an article to a top tier or aspirational journal and, if rejected, incorporates review feedback and sends it to the next publishing outlet down or up on the list (depending on their self-esteem and confidence on the work quality) until someone says yes.Christine next reports that, in recent years, there has been a progressive move from this linear process to a circular one, that involves researchers, publishers and librarians; the new approach may respond better to regulatory matters and personal needs such as open access, REF guidelines in the UK, and tenure and promotion processes. The rationale behind the shift is a radical rethinking of science and the role of scientists within the communication loop. Christine identifies several fundamental aspects of the publishing change:In consideration of what was previously mentioned, the Editorial Board of Vascular Biology wishes to invite submissions of the following types: Methodology articles and Graphical articles. These article types are to allow researchers to express aspects of their research without jeopardising the publication of results of a full research project at a later date. The goal is to offer these article types and to eventually expand the range of articles types offered to respond to the needs of the community interested in the journal.The Journal is offering these new opportunities from 1 July 2020. All the articles will be revised as usual by external referees a
Toll-like receptor 7-adapter complex modulates interferon-α production in HIV-stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells
No full textPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and their production of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) are believed to play an important role in human immunodeficiency virus, type I (HIV-1) pathogenesis. PDCs produce IFN-α and other proinflammatory cytokines through stimulation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 present in endosomal compartments. TLR7 recognizes single-stranded viral RNA, while TLR9 recognizes unmethylated DNA. In this study, we examined the mechanisms that may underlie variations in IFN-α production in response to HIV, and the impact of these variations on HIV pathogenesis. In four distinct cohorts, we examined PDC production of IFN-α upon stimulation with inactivated HIV-1 particles and unmethylated DNA. The signaling cascade of TLR7 bifurcates at the myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein to induce expression of either IFN-α or TNF-α. To determine whether variations in IFN-α production are modulated at the level of the receptor complex or downstream of it, we correlated production of IFN-α and TNF-α following stimulation of TLR7 or TLR9 receptors. Flow cytometry detection of intracellular cytokines showed strong, direct correlations between IFN-α and TNF-α expression in all four cohorts, suggesting that variations in IFN-α production are not due to variations downstream of the receptor complex. We then investigated the events upstream of TLR binding by using lipid-like vesicles to deliver TLR ligands directly to the TLR receptors, bypassing the need for CD4 binding and endocytosis. Similar tight correlations were found in IFN-α and TNF-α production in response to the TLR ligands. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that differences in IFN-α production depend on the regulatory processes at the level of the TLR7 receptor complex. Additionally, we found no association between IFN-α production before HIV infection and disease progression
A replication-competent adenovirus-vectored influenza vaccine induces durable systemic and mucosal immunity
No full textIFN-α production by TLR7 in PDCs does not correlate with CD4<sup>+</sup> decline and viral load in the Amsterdam Cohort.
No full textPDC TLR7 receptors were stimulated by HIV-1ADA. IFN-α production by PDCs was correlated with either the number of CD4+ T cells 5 years post-infection, the percent change in the number of CD4+ cells from 1 to 5 years post infection, or the viral load in year 1. P and rs values were calculated by the Spearman rank correlation.</p
Characteristics of HIV-infected subjects from the Amsterdam Cohort studies.
No full textCharacteristics of HIV-infected subjects from the Amsterdam Cohort studies.</p
Characteristics of HIV-infected LTNP/ECs and progressors.
No full textCharacteristics of HIV-infected LTNP/ECs and progressors.</p
Signaling pathways of TLR7 and TLR9.
No full textUpon stimulation with viral RNA or unmethylated bacterial DNA, TLRs transduce signals that diverge below MyD88 to cause transcription of IFN-α or TNF-α.</p
