232 research outputs found
Global occurrence of pine wilt disease: biological interactions and integrated management
No full textPlant pathogens cause severe losses in a wide range of crops and forestry plant species worldwide, being a major obstacle toward achieving sustainable agriculture and forestry. In forests, pathogens can affect sustainable management by affecting economic trade and serious ecological losses can occur, such as the ability to store carbon, reduce flood risk or purify water (Boyd et al., 2013). Ranking in the top ten of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, the migratory endoparasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode, PWN) is the causal agent of Pine wilt disease (PWD) being responsible for the tremendous decline of conifers species in Eurasian conifer forests”
Exploring Emptiness: An Investigation of MA and MU in My Sonic Composition Practice
No full textThe commentary investigates Japanese aesthetics of space, silence and emptiness - ma and mu - that informed my compositional practice during the research period 2012 - 2015. The portfolio comprises text compositions and sound installations in which forms of micro events and sustained events are employed. Throughout, the emphasis is on my personal engagement with, and manifestation of emptiness that concerns a particular model of listening and perception.
Chapter 1 discusses six primary research areas: ma and mu, material, text, form, listening and perception. Firstly, I introduce ma and mu by examining noh culture and Zeami's teaching of senu hima (where there is no-action) in the context of my personal approaches to music. The following subjects are then used to contextualise my PhD practice by means of examples from various composers and visual artists. Here, these particular and enigmatic concepts are explored through Japanese art as well as Western contemporary works by Alvin Lucier, Eliane Radigue and those of the Wandelweiser collective.
Part 2 provides contextual commentaries on selected compositions from the portfolio that mostly articulate my aesthetics in relation to the topics covered in Chapter 1. koso koso addresses my methodologies to investigate the essence of senu hima, followed by treow that discusses my approach to materials and the importance of space. I move on to grade two and grade two extended in order to examine text scores, and then, look into Espèces d'espaces 03 and 04 as examples of musical forms that I employ.
Finally, listening and perception are investigated through the compositions gnome and con.de.structuring. Throughout, I describe how my works explore emptiness as a result of my particular emphasis on listening over composing
マツノザイセンチュウの寄生戦略及び病原因子に関する分子的洞察
No full text京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第16905号農博第1921号新制||農||998(附属図書館)学位論文||H24||N4666(農学部図書室)29580京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻(主査)教授 二井 一禎, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 天野 洋学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDA
Characterization of <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> CTLs, and primers used for CTLs expression analysis.
No full text<p>Sec/whole—Normalized secreted protein/whole proteins; ND—not detected.</p><p><sup>1</sup> ORF, open reading frame.</p><p><sup>2</sup>Petersen et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123839#pone.0123839.ref027" target="_blank">27</a>].</p><p><sup>3</sup> Shinya et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0123839#pone.0123839.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>].</p><p>Characterization of <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> CTLs, and primers used for CTLs expression analysis.</p
Acute infectious purpura fulminans with Enterobacter aerogenes post-neurosurgery
No full textAcute infectious purpura fulminans (AIPF) is a rare, life-threatening disease commonly caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gram-negative rods are rarely involved. We described a case of AIPF associated with Enterobacter bacteremia in a 48-year-old man admitted for subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment. After surgical clipping for intracranial aneurysms, septic shock, multiple organ failure, and extensive purpura on the skin developed. Enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia was detected and AIPF was diagnosed. His condition progressively worsened and he died on day 19. Autopsy showed multiple abscesses and thrombosis in the lung, intestinal tract, and kidney. Keywords: Purpura fulminans, Enterobacter aerogene
Thinking without Language
No full textIt is not possible to know directly what animals think because they cannot speak to us about it. We must therefore infer their thought from their behavior. From a behavioral point of view, thinking is a problem solving behavior itself. What is the nature of animal thought without language? As an answer to this question, the behavior of identifying a stimulus has been investigated in matching-to-sample experiments. Pigeons can make a same-different judgement for a single stimulus in the transfer test of a matching-to-sample performance, but they cannot make the same-different judgement for the relation between stimuli in a pair. According to Premack (1983), a language trained chimpanzee (Sarah) was capable of doing this kind of same-different judgement while chimpanzees without language training were not. The author does not approve of his view that the success of relational judgement is due to language. Because animals may perceive a pair of stimuli as a symmetric or asymmetric pattern instead of as a same-different relation. Furthermore, he reported that Sarah was capable of solving analogy of stimulus relations (A/A'=B/?) while chimpanzees without language training were not. But these problems may be solved by functional generalization; that is, lower animals, such as rats and pigeons, may be able to solve such problems as well. Therefore, as far as the same-different judgement is concerned, qualitative difference can be found extremely little between primates and non primates in the previous data
Novel Functional Analysis for Pathogenic Proteins of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Pine Seed Embryos Using a Virus Vector
No full textPine wilt disease (PWD), which is caused by the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is among the most serious tree diseases worldwide. PWD is thought to be initiated by sequential excessive hypersensitive responses to B. xylophilus. Previous studies have reported candidate pathogenic molecules inducing hypersensitive responses in pine trees susceptible to B. xylophilus. The functions of some of these molecules have been analyzed in model plants using transient overexpression; however, whether they can induce hypersensitive responses in natural host pines remains unclear due to the lack of a suitable functional analysis method. In this study, we established a novel functional analysis method for susceptible black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seed embryos using transient overexpression by the Apple latent spherical virus vector and investigated five secreted proteins of B. xylophilus causing cell death in tobacco to determine whether they induce hypersensitive responses in pine. We found that three of five molecules induced significantly higher expression in pathogenesis-related genes ( p < 0.05), indicating hypersensitive response in pine seed embryos compared with mock and green fluorescence protein controls. This result suggests that tobacco-based screening may detect false positives. This study is the first to analyze the function of pathogenic candidate molecules of B. xylophilus in natural host pines using exogenous gene expression, which is anticipated to be a powerful tool for investigating the PWD mechanism
Analytical evaluation of the self-phase-modulation effect on the performance of cascaded optical-amplifier systems
No full textOnthodiplogaster japonica n. gen., n. sp. (Rhabditida: Diplogastridae) isolated from Onthophagus sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Japan
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