455 research outputs found
FIGURE 8B in Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach
No full textFIGURE 8B. Maximum Likelihood tree based on the 16S mitochondrial DNA dataset (nodes having>50% bootstrap values are shown) of genera B. Sphaerotheca (Red colour indicates sequences generated in this study).Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 466, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Long working distance high resolution reflective sample imaging via structured embedded speckle illumination
No full textImaging beyond the diffraction limit at longer working distances using enhanced microscopic configurations has always been a challenge for biological and engineering samples. Even though multiple techniques have been widely used for sub-diffraction limit resolution imaging, the achievable resolution was relying on the use of objective lenses with a high numerical aperture (NA). In the case of engineering samples, in addition to sustaining higher resolutions at large working distances, improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is also critical. In this context, we propose and demonstrate a concept for high-resolution imaging at large working distances, termed as structured illumination embedded speckle microscopy. An imaging resolution of ~ 310 ± 5 nm was achieved with a microscope objective (0.55 NA; 50X) having 11 mm long working distance using a Siemen's star as the test sample. The demonstrated microscopy is therefore envisaged for engineering applications that demands high-resolution, high SNR imaging at long working distances
Uperodon variegatus
No full textUperodon variegatus (Stoliczkia) (Fig 4N) Specimen examined: one female (WIIAD 291). Morphological features: A female SVL 31.3 mm; body slender; head small and slightly wider than long; snout rounded to nearly truncated in dorsal view; tympanum hidden, supratympanic fold present; dorsum skin smooth; tips of fingers truncated, fingers relative length I <II <IV <III; tips of toes slightly truncated, relative length of toes 1<2<5<3<4, webbing absent in toes, inner metatarsal tubercle distinct. Coloration in life: Dorsal surface of dorsum and limbs dark brown with irregular golden dots and marks; dorsal surface between of nose and eyelids predominantly spotted with golden color; ventral side of body dull white. Remark: A female was recorded at night from agricultural fields near Amanganj (Panna district) in July 2019. Chandra & Gajbe (2005) had mentioned its presence in Madhya Pradesh without any precise locality. This study provides first confirmed record of U. variegatus from Madhya Pradesh. PTR represents its northernmost range.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Hoplobatrachus crassus
No full textHoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon) (Fig 4H) Specimens examined: one male (WIIAD 252) and one individual (sex undetermined, WIIAD 068). Morphological features: A male with 70.2 mm SVL and one individual (unknown sex) SVL 92.9 mm; robust body; head longer than wide; snout obtusely pointed in dorsal view; tympanum distinct and nearly ¾ of the diameter of eye, supratympanic fold present; dorsal skin glandular with 5–6 broken longitudinal ridges; finger tips without discs, relative length of fingers IV <II <I <III; toes tips slightly rounded, relative toes length 1<2<3<5<4, Webbing fully developed in feet (I0–¼ II0–1/3 III0–1/3IV1/3–0V), distinct shovel shaped inner metatarsal tubercle. Coloration in life: Dorsum uniform grey with plump black spots; hind limbs cross-barred with dark grey bands; upper and lower jaws with dark bands; vocal sac blackish (calling males; unlike H. tigerinus), throat and gular region spotted with grey; ventral sides of body pale white. Remark: Uncommon, recorded from two ranges in PTR. Sighted in waterlogged open grasslands after heavy rains in July.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on pages 459-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Breaking diffraction limit of far-field imaging via structured illumination Bessel beam microscope (SIBM)
No full textBreaking the diffraction limit in imaging microscopes with far-field imaging options has always been the thrust challenge for optical engineers and biologists over the years. Although structured illumination microscopy and Bessel beam assisted imaging has shown the capability of imaging with sub-diffraction resolutions, they rely on the use of objective lenses with large numerical apertures (NA). Hence, they fail to sustain resolutions at larger working distances. In this context, we demonstrate a method for nanoscale resolution imaging at longer working distances, named as Structured Illumination Bessel Microscopy (SIBM). The proposed method is envisaged for both biological and engineering applications that necessitate high imaging resolutions at large working distances.</p
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 1A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions
No full textShahrokh Etemad (with Sandeep Alavandi and Benjamin Baird) is a contributing author, Fuel Flexible Rich Catalytic Lean Burn System for Low Btu Fuels
Acute Ethanol Administration Rapidly Increases Phosphorylation of Conventional Protein Kinase C in Specific Mammalian Brain Regions in Vivo
No full textBackground
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of isoenzymes that regulate a variety of functions in the central nervous system including neurotransmitter release, ion channel activity, and cell differentiation. Growing evidence suggests that specific isoforms of PKC influence a variety of behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of ethanol in mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acute ethanol exposure alters phosphorylation of conventional PKC isoforms at a threonine 674 (p-cPKC) site in the hydrophobic domain of the kinase, which is required for its catalytic activity.
Methods
Male rats were administered a dose range of ethanol (0, 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg, intragastric) and brain tissue was removed 10 minutes later for evaluation of changes in p-cPKC expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.
Results
Immunohistochemical data show that the highest dose of ethanol (2 g/kg) rapidly increases p-cPKC immunoreactivity specifically in the nucleus accumbens (core and shell), lateral septum, and hippocampus (CA3 and dentate gyrus). Western blot analysis further showed that ethanol (2 g/kg) increased p-cPKC expression in the P2 membrane fraction of tissue from the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Although p-cPKC was expressed in numerous other brain regions, including the caudate nucleus, amygdala, and cortex, no changes were observed in response to acute ethanol. Total PKC? immunoreactivity was surveyed throughout the brain and showed no change following acute ethanol injection
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
No full textHoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daudin) (Fig 4I) Specimens examined: one adult male (WIIAD 228). Morphological features: An adult male, SVL 153.9 mm; body large and stout; head marginally longer than wide; snout obtusely pointed in dorsal view and projecting beyond mouth; tympanum distinct, nearly equal to the diameter of eye, prominent supratympanic fold; arms short and strong; dorsal skin glandular with broken longitudinal ridges; finger tips without discs, relative length of fingers II <IV <I <III; toes nearly full webbed, webbing formula I0–0II0–½ III½–½ IV ½–½V), relative toes length 1<2<3<5<4, inner metatarsal tubercle present. Coloration in life: Adult male pale brown or greyish (lemon yellowish during breeding season) with dark plump spots on dorsum; prominent greenish or pale yellowish stripe from behind the eye to the groin; a white streak on upper jaw; hind limbs cross-barred with four prominent bands; ventral sides pale white. Males had distinct blue paired subgular vocal sac which is likely to be an optical cue for attraction of females (Gomez et al. 2009; Fig 4I). Bioacoustics: We analysed 50 advertisement calls from five males of H. tigerinus. The males were recorded calling between 23:30–03:00 hours in July and site air temperature was between 26°C–28.5°C. The mean call duration of analysed calls was 235.30 ± 48.65 ms (181–430 ms). Recorded mean pulse rate was 76.92 ± 5.32 pulses/s (61.82–87.18 pulses/s) with 17.36 ± 2.88 pulses (13–29 pulses) delivered per call. The mean dominant frequency was 1819.14 ± 388.87 Hz (1205.90–2239.50 Hz). Remark: A common anuran in PTR. Observed breeding in seasonal water puddles in agricultural fields and waterlogged open grasslands in early July.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Fejervarya orissaensis
No full textFejervarya orissaensis (Dutta) (Fig 4D) Specimens examined: two males (WIIAD 227 & WIIAD 249) and an individual with sex undetermined (WIIAD 066). Morphological features: Adult males SVL 42.7–42.9 mm (n=2) and an individual (sex unknown) SVL 39.4 mm; body robust; head slightly longer than wide; snout obtusely pointed in dorsal view; eyes large; tympanum distinct, nearly ½ the diameter of eye, distinct supratympanic fold; tubercles present on dorsal and lateral body, short longitudinal ridges on mid-dorsum, fejervaryan lines on abdomen; fingers without disc and rounded, relative length of fingers II = IV <I <III; poorly developed toe webbing, toes tips rounded, relative length of toes 1<2<5<3<4, inner metatarsal tubercle elongated. Calling males had subgular paired vocal sac. Coloration in life: Brown dorsum with dark grey spots; fore limb and hind limb cross-barred with dark grey; upper and lower jaws marked with bands; pale yellow mottling on posterior thigh; ventral side of body white. Vocal sac of calling male was black. Bioacoustics: We analysed 50 advertisement calls from five males. Calls were recorded between 22:40–00:20 hours and calling site air temperature was between 26.9°C–29.9°C. The calls were pulsatile and emitted mostly at regular intervals. The calling males produced single type calls with mean call duration of 98.76 ± 8.69 ms (82–109 ms). The pulse rate was 104.46 ± 2.03 pulses/s (94.59–107.53 pulses/s) with mean of 9.76 ± 0.98 pulses per call. The mean dominant frequency was 2412.59 ± 6.34.95 Hz (1162.80–2842.40 Hz). Remark: Common in PTR. Breeding observed in seasonal rainwater puddles in paddy fields in July. The presence of this morphologically cryptic anuran is genetically confirmed in this study (Fig 8A). This is the north-westernmost confirmed record of this species in its range (780 kilometers aerial distance from type locality in Orissa), and a new state record for Madhya Pradesh state.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
Minervarya caperata
No full textMinervarya caperata (Kuramoto, Joshy, Kurabayashi, and Sumida) (Fig 4E) Specimens examined: three males (WIIAD 237, WIIAD 256–257), two individuals with sex undetermined (WIIAD 274, WIIAD 277). Morphological features: Adult males SVL 27.5–36.1 mm (n=3) and individuals (sex unknown) SVL 25.8– 25.9 mm (n=2); body slender with dermal ridges; head slightly longer than wide; snout slightly pointed in dorsal view; tympanum slightly more than ½ the diameter of eye, supratympanic fold distinct; dorsal skin glandular with series of broadly four longitudinal ridges, fejervaryan lines present on abdomen; fingers tip rounded, relative length of fingers IV <II <I <III; toes tips rounded, toes relative length 1<2<5<3<4. Calling males have bilobate subgular vocal sac. Coloration in life: Dorsum grey or brown with light brown tubercles; darker longitudinal ridges; flank covered with dark grey blotches; upper and lower jaws marked with dark bands; limbs cross barred with dark bands; groin region pale yellow; ventral of thighs pinkish; throat black (males during breeding season); abdomen white. Calling males had black vocal sac. Variation: WIIAD 237 had large bright orange mid-vertebral band. Bioacoustics: We analysed 30 advertisement calls from three males, calls were recorded between 21:30–00:00 hours in July and August; and calling location air temperature was between 26.2°C–31.7°C. Males of M. caperata called in chorus hidden under the leaves and grass blades near the banks of muddy drains and puddles monsoonal rains. The mean call duration was 130.60 ± 25.49 ms (101–200 ms) with pulse rate of 113.37 ± 3.34 pulses/s (107.69–118.81 pulses/s) and mean of 14.63 ± 2.74 pulses delivered per call. The mean dominant frequency was 2094.48 ± 309.41 Hz (1938–3703.70 Hz). Remark: M. caperata is a common frog in PTR landscape and was seen breeding in waterlogged open grasslands in July. It is a morphologically cryptic species so we performed genetic analysis and our 16S sequence matched with M. caperata from Karnataka in Western Ghats (Fig 8A). It was earlier known from its type locality in Karnoor in Karnataka. The present study provides its first state record for Madhya Pradesh. This new record is approximately 1070 km (aerial distance) northwards from its type locality.Published as part of Prasad, Vishal Kumar, Gautam, Kumudani Bala, Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, Murthy, R. Sreenivasa, Ramesh, K., Shinde, Ajinkya Duttatray & Das, Abhijit, 2020, Identification of anuran species diversity of the Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, using an integrated approach, pp. 450-476 in Zootaxa 4851 (3) on page 458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/448723
- …
