20 research outputs found
RAS739115 Appendix 2 - Supplemental material for Investigating the attainment of open government data objectives: is there a mismatch between objectives and results?
No full text Supplemental material, RAS739115 Appendix 2 for Investigating the attainment of open
government data objectives: is there a mismatch between objectives and results? by Anneke
Zuiderwijk, Rhythima Shinde and Marijn Janssen in International Review of Administrative
Sciences </p
RAS739115 Appendix 1 - Supplemental material for Investigating the attainment of open government data objectives: is there a mismatch between objectives and results?
No full text Supplemental material, RAS739115 Appendix 1 for Investigating the attainment of open
government data objectives: is there a mismatch between objectives and results? by Anneke
Zuiderwijk, Rhythima Shinde and Marijn Janssen in International Review of Administrative
Sciences </p
Institutional Innovation: Case study of sustenance of solar electrification projects in Rural India: Innovating institutions with technological innovations
No full textMore than 200 million Indians are without electricity, and the majority lies in the rural areas, where the central grid fails to reach due to unreliable distribution and inconsistent terrain. The solutions that reach include majorly, decentralized energy resources via solar micro-grids, or solar home systems. New projects of energy sharing are coming up which allows a household to become a consumer, as well as a producer of energy in case of excess and sell it to make profit. But these projects fail within few years due to number of social, technical, cultural, political, and environmental dynamic factors playing role in the community. Thus, the research question is raised that “Given the dynamics of rural communities of India, how can socio-technical systems of solar electrification be sustained?" This project develops an institutional innovation framework that helps answer this question. The framework is conceptualized and operationalized to understand that how the institutions around these factors can be changed by the community and individual actions in such socio-technical innovations and infrastructure systems. The study follows empirical analysis and develops simulation model (agent based model) for the case study of rural solar electrification in India, which helps in developing the institutions. The case study and the framework together emphasizes the importance of the institutional innovation approach, where institutions need to be adapted and diffused within the community to make the sustenance of the project possible in various domains. The final results show that new type of projects, labelled as hybrid projects, would be most sustained. These would be sharing projects and would only use the existing micro grids, when there is higher demand. Also, it emphasizes on the need to look at institutions development, not just as a collective perspective which happens with interactions of actions, but also a perspective of majority or collection of actions. The policies generated at two levels of usage (prioritization of resource usage, constraints on resource usage, etc.), and for acceptance of innovations (co-operative shops, in-house manufacturing, etc.) prove to help the sustenance of these electrification systems further
Automation mechanisms for market models: Case study to reduce cultural discrimination in energy trading
No full textThe energy markets are emerging slowly towards a more decentralized form, e.g. technologies are allowing prosumers to trade energy from their solar house rooftops. But as these markets are governed by people and depend on the behavior of people directly, they are susceptible to challenges from the social, economic and cultural norms around the people. One of the example is the cultural discrimination in energy trading noted by some researchers and practitioners in rural India, where people do not prefer to trade energy and goods with different castes, especially lower castes. This creates an unfair market for the poor and lower caste producers, and thus this thesis aimed at modeling such markets through agent based modeling, and introduce different automation mechanisms, namely local mediation, and bid splitting to prevent the effects of discrimination in energy trading. Local mediation allows introduction of a mediator who prevents from direct trade between people and thus prevents any discrimination, bringing in some sort of anonymity. The other mechanism of bid split allows splitting the bids by producer and consumer into small chunks, such that 2 producers in market with 1 and 100 units of energy to trade would look like 101 producers in market trading 101 units of energy. Evaluating the results of these mechanisms on increase of social welfare, efficiency, market access and reduction of inequality has shown that the bid split helps in reducing the discrimination, and so does the introduction of mediation (where the mediator does not discriminate). The former has much more significant effect on the market access, and the validation of the model has helped derive some policy recommendations for implementer in the energy industry and governance field e.g. on the load management for the devices
Environmental footprint of housing policies: Data-driven, life-cycle and policy assessment
No full textWhat drives and inhibits researchers to share and use open research data? A systematic literature review to analyze factors influencing open research data adoption
No full textBoth sharing and using open research data have the revolutionary potentials for forwarding scientific advancement. Although previous research gives insight into researchers' drivers and inhibitors for sharing and using open research data, both these drivers and inhibitors have not yet been integrated via a thematic analysis and a theoretical argument is lacking. This study's purpose is to systematically review the literature on individual researchers' drivers and inhibitors for sharing and using open research data. This study systematically analyzed 32 open data studies (published between 2004 and 2019 inclusively) and elicited drivers plus inhibitors for both open research data sharing and use in eleven categories total that are: 'the researcher's background', 'requirements and formal obligations', 'personal drivers and intrinsic motivations', 'facilitating conditions', 'trust', 'expected performance', 'social influence and affiliation', 'effort', 'the researcher's experience and skills', 'legislation and regulation', and 'data characteristics.' This study extensively discusses these categories, along with argues how such categories and factors are connected using a thematic analysis. Also, this study discusses several opportunities for altogether applying, extending, using, and testing theories in open research data studies. With such discussions, an overview of identified categories and factors can be further applied to examine both researchers' drivers and inhibitors in different research disciplines, such as those with low rates of data sharing and use versus disciplines with high rates of data sharing plus use. What's more, this study serves as a first vital step towards developing effective incentives for both open data sharing and use behavior.Information and Communication Technolog
Volunteers in the Smart City: Comparison of Contribution Strategies on Human-Centered Measures
No full textProvision of smart city services often relies on users contribution, e.g., of data, which can be costly for the users in terms of privacy. Privacy risks, as well as unfair distribution of benefits to the users, should be minimized as they undermine user participation, which is crucial for the success of smart city applications. This paper investigates privacy, fairness, and social welfare in smart city applications by means of computer simulations grounded on real-world data, i.e., smart meter readings and participatory sensing. We generalize the use of public good theory as a model for resource management in smart city applications, by proposing a design principle that is applicable across application scenarios, where provision of a service depends on user contributions. We verify its applicability by showing its implementation in two scenarios: smart grid and traffic congestion information system. Following this design principle, we evaluate different classes of algorithms for resource management, with respect to human-centered measures, i.e., privacy, fairness and social welfare, and identify algorithm-specific trade-offs that are scenario independent. These results could be of interest to smart city application designers to choose a suitable algorithm given a scenario-specific set of requirements, and to users to choose a service based on an algorithm that matches their privacy preferences.Interactive Intelligenc
A Comparative Analysis of Embedding Responsible Innovation in Integrated Engineering Curricula: A Case Study of Established vs Emerging Universities
No full textAs engineering education evolves to meet the demands of an increasingly complex world, especially in times of a climate crisis, universities must prepare students to develop technologies that are ethical, sustainable, and socially responsible. Responsible Innovation provides a framework for achieving this by integrating ethics, sustainability, risk mitigation, and equity, diversity, and inclusion into engineering curricula. Engineers have long influenced society through innovation, acting as agents of change. Given the lasting impact of engineering decisions, future engineers must be equipped to anticipate risks, uphold ethical standards, and design inclusive solutions that serve diverse communities. Many institutions are shifting toward integrated education models that emphasise real-world applications through project-based learning (PjBL). This paper compares how RI is embedded within two academic frameworks: (a) the established Integrated Engineering Programme at University College London (UCL), an interdisciplinary approach that works within that a discipline-based departmental structure (e.g., mechanical, electrical, chemical engineering) by combining project- and lecture-based learning, and (b) the Interdisciplinary Global Design Engineering Programme at emerging institutions like The Engineering & Design Institute London (TEDI-London), which employs a fully project-based learning approach. By examining these programmes, through an auto-ethnographic study, by interviewing two early-career academics from these institutions, capturing their reflections on the challenges and opportunities of embedding RI in engineering curricula. Ultimately, this paper offers recommendations for strengthening the integration of RI within engineering curricula, tailored to each programme’s unique characteristics. It contributes to ongoing discourse on preparing engineers to navigate global challenges, emphasising inter- and trans-disciplinary competencies as essential for future demands. 
Investigating the attainment of open government data objectives: Is there a mismatch between objectives and results?
No full textThe objectives of open government data initiatives range from enhancing transparency and accountability to increasing innovation and participation. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the extent to which the objectives of open government data initiatives are achieved. This article investigates the relationship between the objectives of open government data initiatives and the benefits delivered. A total of 168 survey responses concerning 156 open government data initiatives at different government levels worldwide suggest that operational and technical benefits are the benefits most often delivered, followed by economic benefits and, finally, societal benefits. Surprisingly, our study suggests that whether an open government data initiative delivers a benefit (e.g. increased openness, trust or innovation) is not significantly affected by having an objective related to the delivery of that benefit. The objectives of state- and national-level open government data initiatives are more often achieved than those of local- and regional-level open government data initiatives.Information and Communication Technolog
An agent-based model framework for understanding the decisions of households and exploring bottom-up effects on housing sustainability
No full textISSN:1742-6588ISSN:1742-6596ISSN:1742-659
