93 research outputs found
The Effect of First Wave Mandatory XBRL Reporting across the Financial Information Environment
No full textThis study examines the effect of mandatory XBRL disclosure across various aspects of the financial information environment. Our findings show an increase in information efficiency, a decrease in event return volatility, and a reduction of change in stock returns volatility for 428 firms (1,536 10-K and 10-Q filings) post-XBRL disclosure. In addition, this study shows that XBRL mitigates information risk in the market, especially when there is increased uncertainty in the information environment. Our results are robust to various alternative specifications and research modifications, such as a matched-pair control (326 XBRL versus 326 non-XBRL firms), current stock market condition, potential earnings releases, and corporate governance.This study contributes to the literature by systematically documenting evidence of how mandatory XBRL disclosure decreases information risk and information asymmetry in both general and uncertain information environments. Our evidence could potentially assist the SEC in their effort to expeditiously assess the benefits of XBRL.Peer reviewe
The relationship between social capital of adolescents in out-of-home care and their self-reliance : Focusing on the mediating effects of school adjustment
No full textsj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 – Supplemental material for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930231168742 for Dual antiplatelet Use for extended period taRgeted to AcuTe ischemic stroke with presumed atherosclerotic OrigiN (DURATION) trial: Rationale and design by Joon-Tae Kim, Jihoon Kang, Beom Joon Kim, Jun Yup Kim, Moon-Ku Han, Ki-Hyun Cho, Man-Seok Park, Kang-Ho Choi, Jong-Moo Park, Kyusik Kang, Yong Soo Kim, Soo Joo Lee, Jae Guk Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Dae-Hyun Kim, Tai Hwan Park, Sang-Soon Park, Jin Kyo Choi, Kyungbok Lee, Kwang-Yeol Park, Hae-Bong Jeong, Jun Lee, Doo Hyuk Kwon, Yong-Jin Cho, Keun-Sik Hong, Hong-Kyun Park, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Mi Sun Oh, Minwoo Lee, Dong-Eog Kim, Dong-Seok Gwak, Jay Chol Choi, Joong-Goo Kim, Chul-Hoo Kang, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Wook-Joo Kim, Dong-Ick Shin, Kyu Sun Yum, Sung Il Sohn, Jeong-Ho Hong, Hyungjong Park, Chulho Kim, Sang-Hwa Lee, Juneyoung Lee, Philip B Gorelick, Bo Norrving and Hee-Joon Bae in International Journal of Stroke</p
Affective Policy Performance Evaluation Model: A Case of an International Trade Policy Implementation
No full textFirms often superficially adopt policies because of governmental rules and regulations, so as to avoid penalties or to gain benefits. However, the evaluation and characterization of those kinds of adoptions as policy performance distorts the true level of policy performance: social sustainability. This study proposes an affective policy performance evaluation model. The attitudes of employees toward adopting a policy are characterized into genuine and superficial compliance. Their behaviors are explained through voluntary and opportunistic adoptions. In order to validate the proposed model, a survey was conducted on an international trade policy target group (n = 216) for the Strategic Trade Control System (STCS), in order to understand their attitudes toward adopting the policy. The survey data was analyzed by a structural equation modeling method. The measures of the factors in the proposed model are adopted and modified from existing studies. The most effective resources of policy implementation on the firms’ genuine and superficial compliance and ultimately on the firms’ voluntary policy adoption are revealed through the analysis. Based on the results, this study presents a strategy for allocating and managing policy implementation resources to exclusively encourage firms’ trade policy adoptions
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and COVID-19 Susceptibility and Outcomes: a Korean Nationwide Cohort
Full text linkBackground: Evidence for the association between underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the risk of testing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive, and the clinical consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial and scarce. We aimed to investigate the association between the presence of NAFLD and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19-related outcomes.
Methods: We used the population-based, nationwide cohort in South Korea linked with the general health examination records between January 1, 2018 and July 30, 2020. Data for 212,768 adults older than 20 years who underwent SARS-CoV-2 testing from January 1 to May 30, 2020, were obtained. The presence of NAFLDs was defined using three definitions, namely hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), and claims-based definition. The outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 test positive, COVID-19 severe illness, and related death.
Results: Among 74,244 adults who completed the general health examination, there were 2,251 (3.0%) who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 438 (0.6%) with severe COVID-19 illness, and 45 (0.06%) COVID-19-related deaths. After exposure-driven propensity score matching, patients with pre-existing HSI-NAFLD, FLI-NAFLD, or claims-based NAFLD had an 11-23% increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (HSI-NAFLD 95% confidence interval [CI], 1-28%; FLI-NAFLD 95% CI, 2-27%; and claims-based NAFLD 95% CI, 2-31%) and a 35-41% increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness (HSI-NAFLD 95% CI, 8-83%; FLI-NAFLD 95% CI, 5-71%; and claims-based NAFLD 95% CI, 1-92%). These associations are more evident as liver fibrosis advanced (based on the BARD scoring system). Similar patterns were observed in several sensitivity analyses including the full-unmatched cohort.
Conclusion: Patients with pre-existing NAFLDs have a higher likelihood of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive and severe COVID-19 illness; this association was more evident in patients with NAFLD with advanced fibrosis. Our results suggest that extra attention should be given to the management of patients with NAFLD during the COVID-19 pandemic.ope
Multidimensional impulsivity as a mediator of early life stress and alcohol dependence
Full text linkEarly life stress (ELS) leads to increased susceptibility to serious psychiatric problems such as alcohol dependence, but the mechanisms through which ELS affects alcohol dependence are unclear. We investigated the mediating role of multi-dimensional impulsivity in the associations between ELS and alcohol dependence. 330 male patients with alcohol dependence (mean age = 48.39) completed self-rating scales of ELS and several self-report measures of impulsivity as well as balloon analogue risk task (BART). After classifying different dimensions of impulsivity using factor analysis, structural equation modeling was conducted to test the mediation effects of impulsivity between ELS and alcohol dependence severity and social onset of hazardous drinking. Among the participants, 64.8%, 42.1% and 47.9% reported at least one episode of childhood maltreatment, sexual abuse and parental conflict, respectively. Response impulsivity-sensation seeking, reflection impulsivity and aggression partially mediated the association between ELS and severity of alcohol dependence (CFI = 0.902 and RMSEA = 0.079). Reflection impulsivity dimension partially mediated the association between ELS and social onset of hazardous drinking (CFI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.091). These finding imply that stabilizing vulnerabilities such as reflection impulsivity via intervention programs that target young individuals with ELS may be helpful in delaying the onset of hazardous drinking and prevent alcohol dependence.ope
Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Pattern of Their Changes Following a 3-Month Treatment
Full text linkIntroduction: Metacognitions are considered to be crucial factors for the development and maintenance of pathologic anxiety. The present case-control study aimed to examine how metacognitive beliefs are associated with the diagnostic status and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, we examined the pattern of changes in metacognitive beliefs after a 3-month pharmacological treatment in patients with OCD. Methods: A total of 562 cases with OCD and 236 healthy controls were assessed with the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and various measures of OC symptom severity. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) with covariates were conducted to explore the relationship between subdimensions of metacognitive beliefs and OCD disease status. In addition, for the OCD patients, Pearson's correlation was performed between baseline MCQ subdimensions and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean subscales (OCI-R-K). Finally, in a subset of drug-free OCD patients (n = 144), the MCQ was reassessed after 3 months of treatment and patterns of changes in subdimensions of the MCQ were examined. Results: Patients with OCD scored significantly higher on the four dimensions of the MCQ. There were significant associations between all MCQ subdimensions and OCI-R-K subscales. In the repeated-measure MANOVA, a significant group (non-responders vs. responders)-by-time interaction effect was found only for the negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry (NB) subdimension (F = 10.75; η2 = 0.072; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs in OCD subjects and their association with OCD characteristics suggest that dysfunctional metacognitions may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Improvement of metacognitive beliefs in the NB dimension may be a clinically meaningful correlate of good treatment response in the pharmacological treatment of OCD.ope
Alterations of cellular aging markers in obsessive- compulsive disorder: mitochondrial DNA copy number and telomere length
Full text linkBackground: The present study examined whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length - key markers of cellular aging - were altered in male and female participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to healthy controls. We also tested for associations between these alterations and OCD-related clinical features and inflammatory index.
Methods: A total of 235 patients with OCD (38.7% female) and 234 healthy controls (41.5% female) were included. We quantified whole-blood mtDNAcn and leukocyte telomere length using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also calculated the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio from complete blood cell counts.
Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that OCD status had a significant overall effect on cellular aging markers in men (Wilks λ = 0.889, F2,275 = 17.13, p < 0.001) and women (Wilks λ = 0.742, F2,182 = 31.61, p < 0.001) after controlling for age, body mass index and childhood trauma. In post-hoc comparisons, men with OCD had lower mtDNAcn than controls (p < 0.001), but we found no between-group difference for telomere length (p = 0.55). Women with OCD had a significantly lower mtDNAcn (p < 0.001) and shortened telomere length (p = 0.023) compared to controls. Moreover, the lower mtDNAcn shown in the OCD group was significantly correlated with an increase in systemic inflammation for both sexes, as measured by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
Limitations: The present cross-sectional design did not allow us to infer a causal relationship between OCD disease status and cellular aging markers.
Conclusion: The present study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate alterations in mtDNAcn and telomere shortening in OCD. These results suggest that aging-associated molecular mechanisms may be important in the pathophysiology of OCD.ope
A Phase II Study of Bevacizumab, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer A Prospective, Multicenter Trial of the Korean Cancer Study Group
No full textBackground: Bevacizumab plus doublet chemotherapy has become one of the standard treatments for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We have investigated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin as first-line chemotherapy for Korean patients with mCRC. Methods: Patients were treated with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 and capecitabine 2000 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 14. After 9 cycles, patients were entered into the maintenance treatment, consisting of bevacizumab and capecitabine. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks and response was evaluated every 2 cycles. Results: Of the 49 patients (median age, 57 y), 29 (59%) had primary tumors in the colon, and 31 (63%) had metastases in 2 or more organs. Overall response rate was 71.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58.7%-84.1%), median progression-free survival was 10.4 months (95% CI, 8.2-12.5 mo), and median overall survival was 20.0 months (95% CI, 16.7-23.4 mo). Frequent grade 3 toxicities included neuropathy (9, 18.4%), neutropenia (8, 16.3%), diarrhea (6, 12.2%), and thrombocytopenia (3, 6.1%). Bevacizumab-related grade 3 or 4 toxicities included proteinuria (1, 2.0%) and bowel perforation (1, 2.0%). Conclusions: Bevacizumab plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin was well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity in Korean patients with mCRC.N
Genomic and transcriptomic profiles associated with response to eribulin and nivolumab combination in HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer
No full textBackgroundBiomarkers for predicting response to the immunotherapy and chemotherapy combination in breast cancer patients are not established. In this study, we report exploratory genomic and transcriptomic analyses of pretreatment tumor tissues from patients enrolled in phase II clinical trial of a combination of eribulin and nivolumab for HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (KORNELIA trial, NCT04061863).MethodsWe analyzed associations between tumor molecular profiles based on genomic (n = 76) and transcriptomic data (n = 58) and therapeutic efficacy. Patients who achieved progression-free survival (PFS) >= 6 months were defined as PFS6-responders and PFS6-nonresponders otherwise.FindingsAnalyses on tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed a tendency toward a favorable effect on efficacy, while several analyses related to homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) indicated a potentially negative impact on efficacy. Patients harboring TP53 mutations showed significantly poor PFS6 rate and PFS, which correlated with the enrichment of cell cycle-related signatures in PFS6-nonresponders. High antigen presentation gene set enrichment scores (>= median) were significantly associated with longer PFS. Na & iuml;ve B-cell and plasma cell proportions were considerably higher in long responders (>= 18 months).InterpretationGenomic features including TMB, HRD, and TP53 mutations and transcriptomic features related to immune cell profiles and cell cycle may distinguish responders. Our findings provide insights for further exploring the combination regimen and its biomarkers in these tumors.Y
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