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Variations in recruitment patterns between shallow and deep areas of the habitat:
No full text<p>Average densities (±1SE, n = 5 plots of 30×30 cm) of <i>C. barbata</i> recruits in experimental plots at La Vela (LV-triangles) and Due Sorelle (DS-squares) from July 2009 to February 2010. Plots were either cleared in shallow areas (2.5 m depth, black), were canopies of <i>C. barbata</i> are present, or cleared in deeper areas (5 m depth, green), where no canopies are normally found. There were un-manipulated control plots (C-purple) at both depth and sites, but all had virtually no recruits and thus the points in the graph overlap.</p
Natural changes in cover of recruits:
No full text<p>Average percent cover (±1SE, n = 3 plots of 30×30 cm) of <i>C. barbata</i> recruits on large (>4 m<sup>3</sup>, L-black) vs. small (>1 m<sup>3</sup>, S-blue) marked boulders from July 2008 to February 2009 at Due Sorelle (squares) and La Vela (triangles).</p
Map of the study region: superimposed is the known distribution of <i>Cystoseira</i> canopies until 2001 (light green, from: [40]) and since 2006 (dark green, data from the present work).
No full text<p>Map of the study region: superimposed is the known distribution of <i>Cystoseira</i> canopies until 2001 (light green, from: <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010791#pone.0010791-Fabi1" target="_blank">[40]</a>) and since 2006 (dark green, data from the present work).</p
Photos of the Clearing Experiment:
No full text<p><b>A</b>. un-manipulated (control) plot showing typical cover of stable habitats composed of various (non-<i>Cystoseira</i>) seaweeds, mussel beds and turf. <b>B</b>. Representative close-up of control plot with no <i>Cystoseira</i> recruits. <b>C</b>. Cleared plot dense ca. 3 m old <i>C</i>. <i>barbata</i> recruits. <b>D</b>. Close-up of ca. 3 m old <i>C</i>. <i>barbata</i> recruits in cleared plot.</p
Characterization of the <i>Cystoseira</i> canopies at the study site:
No full text<p><b>A</b>. Average percentages of bedrock occupied by canopies of <i>Cystoseira</i> (mainly <i>C. barbata</i>, occasional fronds of <i>C. compressa</i>) or other relevant biogenic habitats; and <b>B</b>. Size frequency distribution of patchy canopies of <i>Cystoseira</i> at each of the two study sites. Data were obtained from four 50 m line transects conducted at each site in July 2008. For details about the habitats see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0010791#s3" target="_blank">results</a>.</p
Wave regime at the study region:
No full text<p><b>A</b>. Number of sea storms (significant wave height H<sub>s</sub> >3.5 m) and <b>B</b>. maximal wave height recorded each year from 1999–2004 by a waver recording buoy located just offshore the study sites (43.49.47 N; 13.42.52 E). Data are from APAT through the RON (Rete Ondametrica Nazionale) network (courtesy Dr. G. Nardone).</p
Results from the transplantation experiments:
No full text<p><b>A</b>.<b>–B</b>. Average percent <b>Survival</b> and <b>C</b>.<b>–D</b>. average <b>Size</b> of <i>C. barbata</i> juveniles transplanted at each study site from July 2008 to February 2009. Treatments were transplanted to: horizontal substrata surrounded by adults (green), horizontal substrata without adults (black), vertical substrata without adults (blue) and original unstable control substrata (purple). Data are averages ±1 SE (n = 4 plots for survival, in each plot n = 5 juveniles initially and thereon the number varied depending on the number of surviving juveniles). Superimposed circles represent results of SNK test for survival data at Feb. 09 in La Vela. Size of natural (non-transplanted, n = 80) recruits at each site is also presented (red). As all plots at Due Sorelle were destroyed by the last monitoring point due to storms, thus size data for this site are presented only until Oct 08.</p
Variations in recruitment patterns throughout the reproductive season:
No full text<p>Average densities (±1SE, n = 5 plots of 30×30 cm) of <i>C. barbata</i> recruits in plots cleared in March 2009 (beginning of reproductive season, T1 in black), vs. plots cleared in May 2009 (end of the reproductive season, T2-in blue), at La Vela (LV-triangles) and Due Sorelle (DS-squares) from July 2009 to February 2010. There were un-manipulated control plots (C-in purple) at both clearing times and sites, but all had virtually no recruits and thus the points in the graph overlap. All the plots were located in shallow areas where canopies of <i>C. barbata</i> are present.</p
Natural changes in density of recruits:
No full text<p>Average densities (±1 SE, n = 15, 5 sub-quadrats of 6×6 cm from each of 3 plots of 30×30 cm) of <i>C. barbata</i> recruits of on large (>4 m<sup>3</sup>) marked boulders from July 2008 to February 2009 at Due Sorelle (black) and La Vela (purple).</p
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