107,076 research outputs found
Paravibrissina adiscalis Shima
No full textParavibrissina adiscalis Shima Figs. 1 –3, 25. Paravibrissina adiscalis Shima, 1979: 143. Paravibrissina adiscalis infuscata Shima, 1979: 145. Syn. nov. Paravibrissina thailandica Shima, 1979: 145.– Dear & Crosskey, 1982: 140. Syn. nov. Recognition. This species was described from Sarawak, Malaysia, based on male specimens, with a subspecies from the Malay Peninsula. Paravibrissina thailandica from Thailand was described at the same time as P. adiscalis and was treated as a different species mainly on the basis of body color. The two nominal species are here considered conspecific. This species is distinct in having bare eyes and the abdomen lacking median discal setae. Redescription. Male. Vertex about 1 / 5 of head width; inner vertical seta about 1 / 2 as long as eye height; outer vertical seta absent; 2–3 reclinate orbital setae; gena narrow, slightly less than 1 / 5 of eye height; 5–6 frontal setae; occiput with a row of fine black hairs; antenna with 1 st flagellomere 4.5 times as long as pedicel; palpus black, spatulate, about 3 / 4 as long as 1 st flagellomere; eye bare; thoracic dorsum with dense grayish white or pale yellowish brown pollinosity; 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 katepisternal setae; wing tinged with pale brown basally; fore tibia usually with only 1 posterior seta; mid tibia with or without ventral seta; claws and pulvilli longer than 5 th tarsomere; abdomen with rather dense pale yellowish to grayish white pollinosity on anterior 2 / 3 of 3 rd tergum and 3 / 4 of 4 th and 5 th terga; abdomen without discal setae; venter of 4 th abdominal tergum with a pair of roundish patches of rather dense short and very fine hairs on posterior 2 / 3 of the tergum. Terminalia: Cerci in dorsal view broad, only weakly narrowed to apex, very narrowly separated on apical 1 / 4; surstylus broad, rounded dorsally, without distinct hairs. Female. Differing from male as follows: Vertex about 2 / 9 of head width; inner vertical seta about 3 / 5 of eye height in length; 2 subequally long proclinate orbital setae, subequal in length to anterior reclinate orbital seta and slightly shorter than inner vertical seta; 1 st flagellomere about 4 times as long as pedicel; thoracic dorsum with dense pale yellowish white pollinosity; fore tibia with 2 posterior setae; mid tibia with a strong ventral seta; claws and pulvilli shorter than 5 th tarsomere; female without hair patches on venter of 4 th abdominal tergum. Terminalia: 6 th tergum divided into 2 small rectangular hemitergites, with several strong setae on posterior margin; 6 th spiracle on posterior margin of 6 th tergum; 6 th sternum rounded anteriorly, with many setae on posterior portion; 7 th hemitergites smaller than 6 th hemitergites, with a few setae on posterior margin; 7 th sternum as long as 6 th sternum; 8 th tergum of very short and narrow hemitergites, without hairs; 8 th sternum very small, triangular in shape; epiproct very weak, without hair. Body length: 5.5–9mm. Distribution. China, Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines (Balabac Is.), Papua New Guinea. Host. Lepidoptera, Pyralidae: Pagyda salvalis Walker. Material examined. Holotypes. Male of Paravibrissina adiscalis, Balai Ringgin, 100km N. of Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, 22–24.xi. 1975, H. Shima (NSMT); male of P. adiscalis infuscata, Cameron Highlands, 1300m, Malaysia, 27.x. 1975, H. Shima (NSMT); male of P. thailandica, Sai Yok, 500m, Kanchana Buri, Thailand, 27–29.xii. 1975, W. Tumrasvin (NSMT). Paratypes. Male of P. adiscalis, same data as holotype; paratype male of P. a. infuscata, same data as holotype; paratype male of P. thailandica, same locality as holotype, 9–13.xii. 1975, S. Shinonaga (all paratypes in BLKU). CHINA: 2 females, Menglun, 500–700m, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 6–9.viii. 1990, H. Shima; 1 female, Dazhai, 1200m, Jiangchen, Simao, Yunnan, 12.iii. 1995, T. Saigusa (BLKU); MALAYSIA: 3 females, Nature trail, 150m, Danum Valley, Sabah, 21.ii. 2005, Malaise trap, T. Tachi; 19 males, 1 female, East Trail, 150m, Danum Valley, Sabah, 24–25.ii.2005, 9.ix.2005, 18.xii. 2006, T. Tachi; 2 females, Trail 5, 800m, Ulu Kimanis, Crocker Range, Sabah, 30.viii. 2002, T. Tachi; 3 males, Inobong, 500m, Crocker Range, Sabah, 5.ii. 2004, H. Shima; 2 males, same locality as preceding, 24.ii. 2006, T. Tachi; 1 male, same as preceding, 2.vi. 2004, T. Tachi (ITBC, BLKU); PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 2 males, 1 female, Baitabag, Madang Province, 7.viii. 2002, ex Pagyda salvalis Walker (Lep., Pyralidae); 2 males, Mis, Madang Province, 28.x. 1999 (USNM).Published as part of Shima, Hiroshi & Tachi, Takuji, 2008, New species of the genus Paravibrissina Shima (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Southeast Asia and South Pacific, pp. 43-60 in Zootaxa 1870 on pages 45-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18393
Phyllomya formosana Shima 1988
No full textPhyllomya formosana Shima, 1988 (Figs 17, 26, 60, 77, 109) Phyllomya formosana Shima, 1988: 11. Holotype male (BLKU, examined). Type locality: Taiwan, Chiai Hsien, Alishan, 2300 m. Phyllomyia formosana: Shima & Chao 1992: 640; Richter 2004: 368 (tachinids of Russian Far East); O’Hara et al. 2009: 41 (Chinese catalog). Diagnosis. Head dichoptic in both sexes; 2 proclinate orbital setae; antennal pedicel with a seta almost as long as pedicel; arista short plumose; 1 presutural and 0–1 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 katepisternal setae; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae in male, 3 in female; hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; male claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere; male 5th abdominal sternite with strong sharp spines on postero-interior corner of posterior lobe. Redescription. Body length: 5.1–8.5 mm. Male. Terminalia: Sixth tergite entire, concave on mid-dorsal portion, without hairs; surstylus slender, weakly tapered to apex, with several hairs; cerci in dorsal view rather narrow, mid-dorsal suture distinct, narrowly separated along apical 1/4, weakly curved ventrally along apical 1/ 4 in lateral view; pregonite flat; postgonite almost reaching apex of epiphallus; distiphallus with dorsal sclerite curved dorsally on posterior margin, distal membranous portion slightly shorter than dorsal sclerite. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: Taiwan / Alishan, 2300 m / Chiai Hsien / 5.vi.1970 / H. Kurahashi (BLKU). Paratypes. Taiwan: 5 ♂♂, same locality as holotype, 3, 4, 5.vi.1970, H. Kurahashi & K. Nishida (BLKU, KMNH); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Alishan, 2400 m, 12–16.vi.1965, T. C. Maa & K. S. Lin (BPBM); 1 ♂, Chiai Hsien, Tata- chianampu to Paiyunshanchuan, 6.vii.1985, H. Shima (KUM); 1 ♂, Nantou Hsien, Meifeng to Tsuifeng, 2200–2300 m, 25.iv.1981, K. Ohara (KUM). Distribution. China (Taiwan). Remarks. This species closely resembles P. elegans from Sichuan, but differs from it for its narrow gena, 1 presutural and 1 postsutural acrostichal setae on the thorax and long male claws.Published as part of Shima, Hiroshi, Zhang, Wenxia & Tachi, Takuji, 2022, A systematic study of Old World Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 401-449 in Zootaxa 5099 (4) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5099.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/609181
Melastrongygaster chaoi Shima, sp. nov.
No full textMelastrongygaster chaoi Shima, sp. nov. Figs. 11 –12, 15– 18 Closely resembling the preceding species, but differing as follows: Male. Shining black markings on inner margin of fronto-orbital plate extending below to upper 1 / 2 of parafacial; frons at the narrowest point nearly as wide as base of arista; parafacial weakly narrowed below, about 5 / 7 (about 3 / 5 in profile) as wide as 1 st flagellomere at middle height; inner vertical seta shorter, at most 2 / 7 as long as eye height; ocellar seta slightly shorter than inner vertical seta; base of antenna nearly level with lower 1 / 4 of eye height in profile; pedicel with a long seta which is about 4 / 5 as long as pedicel and 1 st flagellomere together. Thoracic dorsum with thin pale brownish gray pruinosity on postpronotal lobe and scutum, 2 broad outer and 2 narrow inner vittae recognizable on presutural area of scutum; 2 katepisternal setae; discal scutellar setae indistinct among many long and suberect hairs. Wing hyaline, weakly tinged with pale brown, more strongly tinged on basal portion; lower calypter pale brownish, inner portion strongly tinged with dark brown; relative lengths of costal sectors 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th approximately as 1: 3.5: 1.5; last section of vein CuA 1 about 3 / 5 as long as dm-cu crossvein. Fore tibia with a row of rather long posterodorsal setae and 2–3 posterior setae; mid tibia with 1–2 anterodorsal, 2–3 posterodorsal, 1 posteroventral and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3–4 anterodorsal, 3–4 posterodorsal and 3 ventral setae. Abdomen shining black, with thin brownish gray pruinosity on dorsum of anterior 1 / 2 of 3 rd and 4 th tergites and very thin grayish pruinosity on anterior portion of 5 th; 3 rd abdominal tergite with 1 pair of anterior and 2 pairs of, or 5, long irregularly set posterior discal and a row of strong marginal setae. Male terminalia: Epandrium with 2 pairs of strong setae; surstylus in lateral view nearly parallel-sided, weakly narrowed apically, without hair or pile; bacilliform sclerite very short and fused posteriorly with inner wall of surstylus; cerci in dorsal view widely separated basally and apically, close together on basal 1 / 2 to 3 / 4, in lateral view broad at base and narrowed to basal 2 / 3, apex weakly curved ventrally. Female. Unknown. Body length: 6.1–7 mm. Holotype male, Yulin, 3000 m, Kanding Xiang, Sichuan, China, 20.viii. 1993, H. Shima (IZCAS). Paratypes: 1 male, same data as holotype; 3 males, Zheduo-shan, 3000–4000 m, Kanding Xian, Sichuan, 19- 24.viii. 1993, H. Shima & A. Nakanishi; 1 male, Paoma-shan, 2600 m, Kanding Xian, Sichuan, 18.viii. 1993, X. Lin; 1 male, Xingdu Qiao, 3700 m, Kanding Xian, Sichuan, 22.viii. 1993, A. Nakanishi (IZCAS, KUM). Etymology. The specific name is dedicated to the late Professor Chao Chien-ming, pioneer of tachinid taxonomy in China and a collaborator in the survey from which the above type specimens were obtained. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Remarks. The epandrium of this species has 2 pairs of strong setae and the male cerci are narrowed from base to apical 1 / 4 and divergent in dorsal view.Published as part of Shima, Hiroshi, 2015, Melastrongygaster, a new genus of the tribe Strongygastrini (Diptera: Tachinidae), with five new species from Asia, pp. 427-445 in Zootaxa 3904 (3) on pages 433-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/24392
Dinera fuscata Zhang & Shima 2006, sp. nov.
No full textDinera fuscata sp. nov. Figs. 23–25 Diagnosis Slender species, vertex narrow, usually 3+3 dc, wing without costal spine, abdominal syntergite 1+2 excavated only at base and with 2 strong median marginal setae, tergites 3 and 4 each mostly with median discal setae. Body length 5.5–8.8 mm. Description Male. Head black in ground color, gena reddish brown below eye, with grayish white pruinosity; frontal vitta black, lunule pale brown; antenna black; arista brown, paler on aristomere 3; palpus dark brown to black, rarely dark yellowish. Vertex 1/9–1/11 head width; frontal vitta widened anteriorly, about twice as wide as frontoorbital plate at middle; parafacial weakly widened below, 2.5–3 times as wide as flagellomere 1 at middle height; gena about 2/5 eye height; facial carina high and arched in lateral view, rather narrow and rounded on anterior surface; lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward. Inner vertical seta fine and short, about 2/5 eye height; outer vertical seta indistinct; ocellar seta strong, about 1.5 times as long as inner vertical seta; frontoorbital plate bare outside row of frontal setae; 9–11 inclinate frontal setae; parafacial bare; vibrissa inserted slightly above level of lower margin of face; occiput with 2–3 rows of black hairs behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about length of pedicel; base of antenna at the level of lower 1/4 of eye height; pedicel with a long seta that is slightly shorter than flagellomere 1; flagellomere 1 3.5–4 times as long as wide; total width of arista including plumosity about twice as wide as flagellomere 1. Palpus subequal in length to antenna; prementum 0.7–0.8 times as long as eye height. Thorax black in ground color, with grayish white pruinosity; dorsum with 3 black longitudinal vittae, median vitta broad, about 1.5 times as wide as outer vitta, extending to posterior 1/3 of postsutural scutum, outer vitta extending to posterior 1/4; scutellum with grayish pruinosity, darkened at base. Postpronotal lobe with 4–5 setae; 1–2+2 ac; 3+3–4 dc, if 4 postsutural setae present, then 2nd seta fine; 0+2 ia; 3 sa; scutellum with basal seta about 2.5 times as long as scutellum and subequal in length to subapical seta, apical scutellar seta rather fine, slightly shorter than twice as long as scutellum; discal seta suberect, slightly longer than scutellum. Wing hyaline, evenly and weakly tinged with pale brown; tegula black; basicosta reddish yellow; lower calypter dull yellowish white. Costal spine absent; relative length of second, third and fourth sections of costa approximately as 1:2:1; vein M from dmcu crossvein to its bend about 3 times as long as distance between the bend and wing margin. Legs black; pulvilli yellowish. Fore tibia with a row of 4–5 fine ad on basal 3/5 and 2 submedian p; mid tibia with 1–2 ad (usually 1), 3–4 pd and 1 v; hind tibia with a row of 4–8 irregular ad, 2–3 pd and 2 v, apical pv about 1/ 2 of av length. Abdomen long ovate in shape, black in ground color, with grayish white pruinosity, the pruinosity with tessellated appearance and brownish on median portion of each tergite. Syntergite 1+2 excavated only on basal 1/2. Hairs on abdominal dorsum long and rather sparse, erect and strong on lateral portion of tergites 3 and 4, syntergite 1+2 with 2 strong erect median marginal and 1 long and strong lateral marginal setae, 2–3 additional long decumbent setae present on each side; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal, 2 median discal and 1–2 lateral marginal setae, or with a complete row of marginal and fine and weak decumbent discal setae; tergite 4 with 2 or irregular discal setae and a row of marginal setae; discal setae on tergites 3 and 4 arranged on posterior portion of each tergite and sometimes decumbent, rarely absent; tergite 5 with rows of strong marginal and discal setae. Male terminalia. Distal half of cerci distinctly narrowed, pointed apically; surstylus wide and extending beyond cerci, and narrowed apically in dorsal view and bluntly rounded at apex in lateral view; pregonite long and bent posteriorly; postgonite slightly shorter than basiphallus; distiphallus slender, membranous apical part about 2.5 times as long as sclerotized basal part; aedeagal apodeme slender, pointed apically. Female. Vertex 1/3–2/5 head width; frontal vitta about twice as wide as frontoorbital plate at middle; gena 0.56–0.64 eye height; inner vertical seta strong, about 1/2 eye height; outer vertical seta short but strong, about 1/2 as long as inner vertical seta; 1 outwardly directed prevertical seta, subequal in length to outer vertical seta; 2 strong and subequally long proclinate orbital setae, almost as long as ocellar seta; 6–8 inclinate frontal setae; ocellar seta 3/4 as long as inner vertical seta. Mid tibia always with 1 ad; hind tibia with 3–4 pd; claw and pulvillus shorter than fifth tarsomere. Abdomen ovate, with rather thin grayish white pruinosity, posterolateral portion of tergites 3 and 4 black; hairs shorter than in male and recumbent except on lateral portion; syntergite 1+2 rarely lacking median marginal seta; median discal seta absent on tergites 3 and 4. Type material Holotype ♂, JAPAN, Mt. Yatsugatake, 1500 m, Nagano, Honshu, 30.vii.1998, H. Shima (BLKU). Paratypes JAPAN. Honshu: 2 males, 1 female, Tchinomata, Nagano, 1700 m, Azumimura, 31.vii.1989, S. Shinonaga; 1 male, Yarisawa, Nakano, 2100 m, Azumimura 3.viii.1989, S. Shinonaga; 1 male, Tokugotoge, Nakano, 1900 m, Azumimura 2.viii.1989, S. Shinonaga; 1 male, 1 female, Myojin, Nagano, 1500 m, Azumimura, 31.vii.1989, S. Shinonaga; 1 male, Nagano, Azumi vil., Nakanoyu, 2.ix.1996, M. Sueyoshi; 1 male, Nagano, Asahi vil., Mt. Hachimori, 25.vii.1998, T. Tachi; 33 males, Nagano, Minamimaki vil., Mt. Yatsugadake, 1500 m, 30.vii.1998, T. Tachi; 18 males, 5 females, Nagano, Mt.Yatsugadake, 1500 m, 30.vii.1998, H. Shima; 1 male, Nagano, Azumi vil., Shimashimadani, 31.v.1998, T. Tachi; 2 males, Okambazawa, 1500–2000 m, S. Jpn. Alps, 25–26.vii.1986, H. Shima; 25 males, Hirogawara, Yamanashi, 14.vii.1994, T. Tachi; 20 males, Hirogawara, Yamanashi, 2–3.viii.1995, T. Tachi; 2 males, Yamanashi, Ashiyasu vil., Hirogawa, 19.viii.1997, T. Tachi; 2 males, Yamanashi, Ashiyasu vil., Hirogawara, 1500 m, 31.vii.1998, T. Tachi; 1 male, Yamanashi, Ashiyasu vil., S. Jpn Alps, 13.vii.1996, T. Tachi; 4 males, 1 female, Nagano, Chino, Karasawa Pass, 31.viii.1996, M. Sueyoshi; 1 female, Gifu, Kamitakara vil., 1.ix.1996, M. Sueyoshi; 1 male, Niigata, Itoigawa Renge spa, 16.viii.1997, T. Tachi; 1 female, Niigata, Renge spa., 1300–1470 m, 27.vii.1998, H. Shima. CHINA. Shaanxi: 7 males, Zuoshui, Yingpan forestry station, 1850 m, 10.vii.1997, H. Shima; 1 male, Fuping, Dadianzi, 1850–2000 m, 5 km N of Donghetai, 8.viii.1997, H. Shima; Sichuan: 1 male, Songfan, Huanlong, 3000 m, 5–6.viii.1993, H. Shima; 3 males, 1 female, Kanding, Mt. Paoma, 2600 m, H. Shima, T. Naito, X. Lijn; 5 males, 1 female, Mt. Zheduo, 3000–4000 m, Kanding, 19–24.viii.1993, H. Shima; 2 males, 1 female, Yulin, 3000 m, Kanding, 20.viii.1993, H. Shima. 1 male, Songfan, Huanglong, 3000 m, 5–6.viii.1993, H. Shima (BLKU). Rilong, Xiaojin, Aba Prefecture, 2.viii.2005, 3 males, M.f. Wang, 1 male, C. Liang; 1 male, Rilong, 6.viii.2005, Hu Ao; 1 male, Xiling, 12.viii.2005, M.f. Wang. Shaanxi: 4 males, 3 females, Mt. Taibai, 9–16.vi.1989, M.f. Wang. 2 males, 2 females, Mt. Tiantai, Qinling, 3.xi.1999, M.f. Wang. Liaoning: 1 male, Dayugou, Benxi, 18.ix.1979, W.q. Xue. Jilin: 1 male, Mt. Changbai, Hengshan, 1000 m, 15.vii.1990, C.t. Zhang. Shanxi: 1 male, Mt. Luya, Ningwu, 8.vi.1989; 6 males, Manghe, Yangcheng, 6.vi.1991; 7 males, 5 females, Mt. Wutai, 10.viii.1985; 5 males, Hunyuan Forestry Station, 13.vii.1985; 6 males, Qinshui Xiachuan, 18.vi.1991; 11 males, Yanggetai, Fangshan, 24.vi.1990; Baimashi, Yingxian, 5 males, 5–7.vi.1982, 4 males, 1 female, 27.v.1984; 2 males, Wuzai, Heyeping, 15.vii.1998; 2 males, Tiechanggou, Jiaokou, 16.vii.1992; 1 male, Heibangou, Jiaokou, 4.vi.1992; 2 males, Jiaokou, Dadaoyu, 5.vi.2003; 2 males, 1 female, Guangling, Haizhi, 5.ix.1982; 5 males, Xianglutai, Guangling, 19.vii.1985; 8 males, 3 females, Xiachuan, Qinshui, 19.vi.1991; 14 males, Youyu, Shahukou, 17.vi.1982; 1 male, Youyu, Fanjiajie, 15.vi.1984, 1 male, Mt. Lishan, Yuanqu, 1.vi.2000, all by M.f. Wang. Hebei: 1 male, Nantuo, Fuping, 19.v.1987; 6 males, Huata, Fuping, 24.viii.1981 (SNUC). Etymology Latin adjective fuscatus (= dark) is taken from the body color of this species. Remarks This species is very similar to D. carinifrons from Eurasia, but may be distinguished from it by its whitish pruinosity on thorax and head, narrow vertex, 1+2 ac, and abdominal tergites 3 and 4 with median discal setae in the male. Specimens examined from Japan have a black or dark brown palpus, whereas those from China rarely have a paler palpus. We were unable to find other differences between specimens from both areas, and therefore treat them as conspecific.Published as part of Zhang, Chun-Tian & Shima, Hiroshi, 2006, A systematic study of the genus Dinera Robineau-Desvoidy from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 1243 (1243) on pages 25-2
Phyllomya japonica Shima 1988
No full textPhyllomya japonica Shima, 1988 (Figs 34, 46, 64, 81, 93, 113, 141–142) Phyllomya japonica Shima, 1988: 15. Holotype male (BLKU, examined). Type locality: Japan, Yamanashi Pref., South Japanese Alps, Okambazawa, 1500–2000 m. Phyllomya japonica: Richter 2004: 368 (tachinids of Russian Far East); Shima 2014: 836 (catalog of Japanese Insects); Shima & Hara 2016: 5 (tachinids of Saitama Prefecture). Diagnosis. Head dichoptic; male usually with 1–2 proclinate orbital setae; parafacial with short, black hairs; arista short plumose; palpus dark brown; 1 presutural and 0 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 3 katepisternal setae; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 3 preapical dorsal setae; male claws and pulvilli distinctly longer than 5th tarsomere; abdominal syntergite 1+2 to 4th tergite each with a pair of median discal setae; male 5th abdominal sternite sharply pointed at postero-interior corner of posterior lobe. Redescription. Body length: 6.5–10 mm. Male. Terminalia: Sixth tergite entire, weakly constricted on mid-dorsally, with a few setae; surstylus narrow, evenly narrowed to apex, weakly curved ventrally in lateral view; cerci in dorsal view evenly narrowed to apex, with distinct mid-dorsal suture and very narrowly separated along apical portion; pregonite flat; postgonite extending beyond apex of epiphallus; dorsal sclerite of distiphallus with apical portion weakly curved dorsally. Female. Terminalia: Sixth tergite divided into triangular hemitergites in lateral view, with 1–2 rows of strong setae on posterior margin; 7th tergite divided into rectangular hemitergites, slightly shorter than 6th hemitergite, with a row of rather fine setae on posterior margin; 8th hemitergite short, very narrowly connected with hypoproct on submedian portion and fused with anterior margin of 8th sternite on lower portion; 8th sternite slightly longer than 6th. Description of first instar larva. Body length 1.05–1.30 mm; cephaloskeleton rather broad on anterior 1/2, dorsal margin slightly convex at posterior 2/5; 2nd thoracic segment with several anterodorsal rows of fine spinules; 2nd to 5th abdominal segments each with rows of rather short posteroventral spinules; 7th segment with several fine spinules on posterolateral portion. Type material examined. Holotype ♂: [Japan] HONSHU / S. Jpn Alps / Okambazawa / 1500–2000 m / 25– 26.vii.1986 / H. Shima (BLKU). Paratypes: Japan, Honshu: 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Aomori Pref., Mt. Iwaki, 25.vii.1983, 23.viii.1968, 26.viii.1966, 29.viii.1971, S. Fukushi; 2 ♀♀, Aomori Pref., Mt. Chokai, 1300–1500 m, 6.ix.1981, S. Fukushi; 2 ♂♂, Mt. Iwaki, Aomori Pref., 6.ix.1981, S. Fukushi; 1 ♀, Saitama Pref., Karisaka, 2.viii.1973, K. Hara; 1 ♂, Saitama Pref., Kumotori, 19.viii.1972, K. Hara; 1 ♀, Niigata Pref., N. Echigo, Kurokawa, 2.vi.1973, K. Baba; 1 ♂, Nagano Pref., Kamikochi, 16.ix.1978, T. Goto; 4 ♀♀, Yamanashi Pref., Kitakoma-gun, Mt. Kitadake, 2240 m, 28.viii.1980, T. Goto (1 ♀ in KMNH); 3 ♂♂, same data as holotype; 2 ♂♂, Hida, Ontake, Nigorigo-onsen, 7, 9. vii.1969, A. Nagatomi (1 ♂ in KMNH); 1 ♂, Ishikawa Pref., Mt. Hakusan, 30.viii.1974, K. Nishida. [All KUM un- less otherwise indicated] Additional material examined. Japan, Honshu: 1 ♂, Gunma Pref., Manza Spa, 6.viii.1995, K. Hara; 1 ♀, Saita- ma Pref., Ohtaki, Mikuni Pass, 12.viii.1994, K. Hara; 2 ♂♂, Nagano Pref., Shiga-kyoikuen, 9.viii.1995, T. Tachi; 3 ♂♂, Nagano Pref., Mt. Yatsugatake, 6.viii.1995, T. Tachi; 1 ♂, Nagano Pref., Takamine, 8.viii.1995, T. Tachi; 1 ♀, Nagano Pref., Nagawa-mura, Suzuran, 2.ix.1996, M. Sueyoshi; 2 ♂♂, Nagano Pref., Iida City, Futagoyama, 1840–2243 m, 28.vii.2013, H. Shima. [All BLKU and KUM] Distribution. Japan (Honshu). Remarks. This species very much resembles P. volvulus, but differs from it for the narrow vertex and gena and long male claws. Males of P. japonica usually have 1–2 proclinate orbital setae, but they sometimes lack these setae. This species is usually found at rather high altitudes in Honshu, Japan.Published as part of Shima, Hiroshi, Zhang, Wenxia & Tachi, Takuji, 2022, A systematic study of Old World Phyllomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 401-449 in Zootaxa 5099 (4) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5099.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/609181
Panzeria rufitibialis Shima 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Panzeria rufitibialis</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 43–44, 65–68, 80–81)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Medium to small-sized species. This species resembles <i>P. inusta</i>, but is usually smaller in size and has apical portion of scutellum, anterolateral portion of 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites, and tibiae reddish. The presutural acrostichal setae and the median marginal setae of abdominal syntergite 1+2 are usually absent as opposed to the one pair of acrostichal setae and median marginal setae present in <i>P. inusta</i>.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length: 7.6–11.1 mm.</p> <p> <i>Male</i>. Head with grayish-white pruinosity on fronto-orbital plate, parafacial, genal dilation and occiput, reflecting silvery white on lower fronto-orbital plate and parafacial under certain directions of light; lower portion of parafacial, anterior triangular portion of gena and face with thin whitish pruinosity; antenna black, pedicel sometimes broadly reddish yellow; palpus reddish yellow, darkened basally. Frons at narrowest point 0.12–0.16 of head width; face about 0.6 times as long as frons in profile; inner vertical setae crossing, about 2/3 of eye height; 10–12 frontal setae, upper ones fine, lowest seta slightly below level of middle of pedicel, sometimes an irregular row of 3–5 setae present outside row of frontal setae near antennal base; parafacial bare, wide, nearly parallel-sided, about 1.3 times as wide as postpedicel in its horizontal position; gena about 1/2 of eye height in horizontal position; occiput bulged, with 1–2 rows of short black hairs behind row of postorbital setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about 2/3 length of pedicel; postpedicel about 1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista thickened on basal 1/2; 2nd aristomere at most 2 times as long as wide. Proboscis short; prementum about 4 times as long as wide; palpus subequal in length to pedicel and postpedicel together.</p> <p> Thorax black in ground color, apical 1/2–1/3 of scutellum reddish brown, with thin whitish gray pruinosity; 3 broad longitudinal vittae visible, weak and diffusing marginally on postsutural scutum. Zero presutural and three postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 0 presutural and 3 postsutural intraalar setae; 4–5 supra-alar setae, if 4 setae present, then 2nd seta shorter than others, and if 5 setae then 2nd and 4th setae short; 3 katepisternal setae; anepimeral seta almost reaching level of posterior 1/2 of lower calypter; anatergite bare; scutellum with 4 pairs of long marginal and 1–2 pairs of short and suberect discal setae; apical scutellar setae absent; distance between bases of subapical scutellar setae 1/2–2/3 of that between basal and subapical setae. <i>Wing</i> hyaline; lower calypter pale yellowish white; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately as 3:6:2.5; length of vein M from dm-cu crossvein to bend about 1.5 times distance between bend and wing margin. <i>Legs</i> black, tibiae reddish yellow, darkened basally especially on ventral side; pulvilli dull yellowish; fore tibia with 2 preapical dorsal setae, a row of anterodorsal and 2–3 posterior setae; mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 3–4 posterodorsal and 1–2 ventral setae, if 2 then lower seta fine; hind tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal, 4 posterodorsal and 3 ventral setae.</p> <p>Abdomen black, anterolateral portions of 3rd and 4th tergites reddish yellow, with thin whitish pruinosity on anterior 1/3 of 3rd tergite, 1/2 of 4th tergite and entire 5th tergite, pruinosity diffusing and very thin on median and posterior portions of 3rd and 4th tergites. Hairs on dorsum rather dense, long and erect; syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae, with 1–2 lateral marginal setae; 3rd tergite with 2 pairs or 5 strong median discal, 1–2 lateral discal, 2 median marginal and 2–3 lateral marginal setae, median discal setae rather irregularly set; 4th tergite with 1–2 pairs of strong median discal and a row of marginal setae, discal setae sometimes irregularly set; 5th tergite with a rather irregularly-set row of strong discal setae and a row of rather strong marginal setae; 2nd to 4th sternites exposed, with dense, rather long suberect hairs.</p> <p>Terminalia: 6th tergite about 1/4 as long as syntergosternite 7+8, with a row of long fine setae mixed with several fine hairs, with thin grayish pruinosity; syntergosternite 7+8 and epandrium with very thin grayish pruinosity; cerci in dorsal view narrowed from base to basal 4/7, then slightly widened medially and weakly narrowed to apex, apical portion about 1/2 as wide as widest basal portion, strongly ridged on both sides of basal 2/7 to 4/7, in lateral view apical portion nearly straight or even weakly directed upward; surstylus with strong triangular ridge on basal 1/3, with 4–5 short spines near apex; postgonite widened apically with rounded excavation on posterior margin.</p> <p> <i>Female</i>. Differs from male as follows: frons wide, 0.25–0.27 of head width at vertex; frontal vitta wide, weakly widened anteriorly, about 2/3 as wide as fronto-orbital plate; outer vertical seta developed, about 2/4 as long as inner vertical seta; ocellar setae about 1/2 as long as outer vertical seta; 2 outwardly-directed prevertical setae, anterior seta stronger than posterior seta and about as long as outer vertical seta; 1 proclinate orbital seta subequal in length to prevertical seta; 7–8 frontal setae; antenna with scape and pedicel orange yellow; palpus entirely reddish yellow; legs with claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites each usually with a pair of median discal setae. Terminalia: 6th tergite short, entire, with a row of strong setae marginally; 6th sternite subequal in length to 7th sternite; 7th tergite entire, nearly quadrate in profile, with a row of rather short setae marginally; 7th sternite with a pair of small projections on posteromedian margin in ventral view; 8th tergite consisting of small and rather high hemitergites; epiproct absent; hypoproct rather long, ventromedian portion rather broadly membranous.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is taken from the reddish tibiae of this species, from the Latin adjective <i>rufus</i> (red) plus the noun <i>tibia</i> (leg) and the adjectival suffix <i>ilis</i> (having the nature of).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male: Japan, Kyushu / Fukuoka Pref. / Mt. Kusenbu / 17.iv.2015 / H. Shima (BLKU).</p> <p> Paratypes (all in KUM unless otherwise mentioned): Japan, <i>Honshu</i>: 1 male, Saitama Pref., Ogano, Yotsuyama Shrine, 26.iv.1993, K. Hara; 3 females, Ogano, Kurao, 5.v.1989, K. Hara; 1 male, Saitama Pref., Ogawa, Aoyama, 27.iv.1996, K. Hara; 1 female, Ogawa, Jokoji, 27.iv.1996, K. Hara; 1 female, Ogawa, Kasayama, 25.v.1996, K. Hara; 1 female, Ogawa, Sengensan, 1.v.1998, K. Hara; 1 female, Saitama Pref., Ranzan, Taiheizan, 10.iv.1998, K. Hara; 1 male, 1 female, Saitama Pref., Chichibu, Mt. Buko, 10.v.1978, T. Nambu (BLKU); 1 male, 1 female, Saitama Pref., Kodama, Juniten, 3.iv.1990, 4.v.1991, K. Hara; 1 male, Saitama Pref., Ohtaki, Takinosawa, 29.iv.1992, T. Nambu; 1 female, Ohtaki, Irikawa, 23.v.1986, K. Hara; 1 female, Saitama Pref., Satte, Nishisekiguchi, 19.iv,1998, K. Hara; 1 male, Tokyo, Minamitama, 20.iv.1974, S. Shinonaga; 5 females, Tokyo, Imperial Palace, 1.iv., 13.v.1997, S. Shinonaga; 1 female, Nagano Pref., Karuizawa, Botanical Garden, 26.v.2000, T. Nambu; 1 male, Ishikawa Pref., Kaga, Kanagawa, 2.v.1965, H. Kurahashi. <i>Shikoku</i>: 2 males, Ehime Pref., Kami-ukenagun, Kumakogen, 21–30.iv.2008, Malaise trap, E. Yamamoto; 1 female, same locality and collector as previous, 1–10.v.2008. <i>Kyushu</i>; 3 males, 2 females, Fukuoka City, Mt. Aburayama, 16.iv.1988, 23.iv.1983, 4.v.1993, H. Shima; 1 male, Fukuoka Pref., Mts. Sefuri, Mt. Kanayama, 15.v.1984, H. Shima; 2 males, Mts. Sefuri, Mizunashi, 24.iv.1984, H. Shima (BLKU); 4 males, 4 females, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Kusenbu, 17.iv.2015, 22.iv.2015, 25.iv.1986,. 2.v.2015, 6.v.1988, H. Shima; 5 males, 2 females, Fukuoka Pref., Dazaifu City, Mt. Shioji, 26.iv.1988, 29.iv.2010, 23.iv.2014, 2.v.2014, 24.iv.2017, H. Shima; 2 females, Kagoshima City, Terayama Park, 27.iii.1966, H. Shima & A. Tanaka; 2 females, Kagoshima Pref., Iriki Pass, 17.iv.1967, K. Kanmiya.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined</b> (all in KUM). Japan, <i>Honshu</i>: 7 males, 23 females from following localities: Saitama Pref., Arakawa, Chichibu, Hanno, Kodama, Konan, Minano, Ogano, Ogawa, Otaki, Ranzan, Yokose and Yorii. <i>Shikoku</i>: 1 male, Ehime Pref. Kumakogencho. <i>Kyushu</i>: 14 males, 37 females from the following localities: Fukuok Pref., Mt. Tachibana, Mt. Aburayama, Mt. Inunaki, Mizunashi, Mt. Kusenbu, & Mt. Shioji; Miyazaki Pref., Kuruson Valley; Kagoshima Pref., Iriki Pass.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species is found during early March to May in southern Honshu and Kyushu, Japan.</p>Published as part of <i>Shima, Hiroshi, 2020, The genus Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Japan, pp. 541-575 in Zootaxa 4816 (4)</i> on pages 564-565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.4.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3954659">http://zenodo.org/record/3954659</a>
Billaea chinensis Zhang et Shima, sp. nov.
No full textBillaea chinensis Zhang et Shima sp. nov. Figs. 12 –15, 67, 76, 90 Diagnosis. Strong ocellar setae, short vibrissa inserted above level of lower margin of face, arista plumose; fore tibia with 1 posterior seta, fore claws and pulvilli short in male, abdomen laterally reddish yellow to brown, with a pair of large triangular black markings on tergites 3 and 4. Description. Body length 5.3–12.3 mm. Male. Head (Figs. 67, 76). With dense whitish pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown, fronto-orbital plate with yellowish gray pruinosity, lunule reddish brown; antenna reddish brown except apical 1 / 2–3 / 4 of flagellomere 1 slightly darkened; palpus yellow. Vertex 0.18–0.22 of head width; frontal vitta strongly widened anteriorly, 1– 1.5 times as wide as fronto-orbital plate; fronto-orbital plate with 1–4 rows of fine short black hairs, a few hairs just below lowest frontal seta; parafacial bare, nearly parallel-sided, 2.2–2.5 times as wide as flagellomere 1; face rather well concave, facial carina very weak and short, only visible at basal 1 / 2 of antenna; lower margin of face rather weakly protruding forward; genal height 0.33–0.4 of eye height; occiput flattened. Inner vertical seta about as long as 1 / 2 of eye height; ocellar setae usually stronger than upper frontal setae; 11–13 pairs of inclinate frontal setae, lowest frontal seta nearly level with base of antenna; vibrissa inserted above level of lower margin of face, usually weak, shorter than antennal length. Flagellomere 1 about 3 times as long as pedicel; arista plumose, total width including plumosity slightly more than twice as wide as flagellomere 1. Palpus slightly longer than pedicel and flagellomere 1 combined, about as long as prementum or genal height. Prementum 2.5–3 times as long as wide. Thorax. Black with dense grayish white to yellowish gray pruinosity; dorsum with 2 broad outer and 2 narrow inner dark brown longitudinal vittae, and 1 brown median vitta which is 1–1.5 times as wide as inner vitta or absent; inner vitta about as wide as pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae on presutural scutum, extending to anterior 2 / 5 of postsutural scutum; scutellum black in ground color, with gray pruinosity on apical 2 / 3. Prosternum 1–2 times as long as wide; postpronotal lobe with 4 setae, 3 basal setae standing in a straight line; 1–3 presutural and 2–3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 3–4 supra-alar setae; 2 katepisternal setae; 1–2 pairs of short discal scutellar setae. Wing. Hyaline, tinged with brown; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halter yellow. Relative lengths of 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th costal sectors approximately as 1.2: 2: 1; bend of vein M about right-angled, with short appendage, distinctly closer to wing margin than to dm-cu crossvein (2–2.5: 1), with a short appendage which is shorter than 1 / 2 length of r-m crossvein or without it; cell r 4 + 5 open. Lower calypter pale yellowish white to whitish. Legs. Black, pulvilli pale yellowish. Fore tarsi subequal in length to head height; claws and pulvilli slightly shorter than 5 th tarsomere, fore tibia with a row of short anterodorsal setae on basal 2 / 3 and usually 1 (seldom 2) posterior seta; mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3–5 posterodorsal and usually 1–3 ventral setae and a row of rather closely set anterodorsal setae. Abdomen (Fig. 90). Long ovate. Reddish yellow to brown in ground color, densely covered with pale yellowish white pruinosity on anterior 2 / 3 and middle longitudinal portion of tergites 3 to 5, with a pair of large triangular dark brown markings on posterior 4 / 5 of tergite 3, 2/ 3 of 4 and 1 / 2 of 5. Abdominal syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 each with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae, tergites 4 and 5 each with a row of strong marginal setae, dense fine and recumbent hairs on tergite 5, sparser on venter. Male terminalia (Figs. 12–15). Cerci and surstyli long and narrowed, and pointed apically in caudal view, and apex of surstylus bluntly bent posteriorly in lateral view; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; distiphallus long, membranous apical part about as long as sclerotized basal part. Female. Vertex 0.28–0.30 of head width and strongly widened anteriorly; genal height about 1 / 2 of eye height; 9–10 frontal setae, the upper two smaller; 2 proclinate orbital setae; 1 upwardly directed prevertical setae; outer vertical seta about 3 / 4 as long as inner vertical seta, ocellar seta proclinate, about as long as inner vertical seta; katepisternal setae usually 2, sometimes 3; abdomen ovate. Other characters are same as in male. Type material. Holotype ♂, CHINA, Taibai Mountain, Qinling, Shaanxi, 9–16.vi. 1989, M.-F. Wang (SYNU). Paratypes. CHINA. Guangxi: 2 ♂♂, Dayaoshan Mountain (110 ° 19 ′E, 24 °01′N), 1200 m, Jinxiu, 17.v. 2011, C. Fu (SYNU). Shaanxi: 1 ♂, Hongling Forest Station, Fengxian, Qinling Mountain, 1600–1800 m, 23.vii. 1973, X.-Z. Zhang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Yingpan Forest Center, 1750 m, Zuoshui, 21.vi. 1997, H. Shima; 1 ♂, Liangfengya, 2000– 2100 m, 12 km WNW Longcaoping, Fuping, 24.vi. 1997, H. Shima; 17 ♂♂, Wankoushang, 1400–1500 m, Fuping, 25.vi. 1997, H. Shima; 39 ♂♂, Dadianzi, 1659–1680 m, 5 km N. of Donghetai, Fuping, 26.vi. 1997, H. Shima; 8 ♂♂, Bridge 3 km NW of Donghetai, 1500 m, Fuping, 1–2.vii. 1997, H. Shima, A. Naganishi; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Shuimoping, 1500–1700 m, SSW of Banfangzi, 6–7.vii. 1997, H. Shima; 1 ♂, Yingpan Linchang, 1750 m, 21.vi. 1997, H. Shima (BLKU, KUM); 1 ♂, Yaogou, Fuping, 25.vii. 1998, J. Chen (IZCAS); 18 ♂♂, Taibai Mountain, 9–16.vi. 1989, M.-F. Wang; 11 ♂♂, Hanzhong, Liping, 1500 m, 16.vii. 2012, P. Hou; 3 ♂♂, Liuba, Zakoushi-Zhangliang Temple, 18– 24.vii. 2012, C.-T. Zhang and P. Hou; 3 ♂♂, Mt. Tianzhu, 1800 m, Shanyang, 21.vii. 2013, Q. Wang; 13 ♂♂, Liping, 1500 m, Hanzhong, P. Hou (SYNU). Xizang: 3 ♂♂, Mangkang, Haitong, 3200–3250 m, 9.viii.1970, 11.vii.1982, 10.viii. 1982, S.-Y. Wang, X.-Z. Zhang. Yunnan: 2 ♂♂, Weixi, 2920 m, 11–21.vii. 1981, X.-Z. Zhang; 2 ♂♂, Gezan, 3150 m, Zhongdian, 13.viii. 1981, X.-Z. Zhang (IZCAS); 1 ♂, Ailaoshan, Ecological Station, 2200–2500 m, 19– 23.viii. 1990, H. Shima; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Mengla, 147 km, 700–1000 m, Xishuangbanna, 4–5.viii. 1990, S. Lin & H. Shima; 1 ♀, Botanical garden, 800 m, Menglun, Xishuangbanna, 10–11.ix. 1993, Y.-X. Gan; 1 ♂, Mt. Huangliang, 1800–1900 m, Honghe, 9.iii. 1995, B. Yang; 1 ♂, Weixi, Tuozhi, 2450 m, Denqen, 10.vi. 1994, W.-X. Zhang; 1 ♀, Tuguan Vil., 2500–3000 m, Deqin, Zhongdian, 3–5.vi. 1994, W.-X. Zhang; 1 ♂, Dabaoping, 1900–2400 m, Baoshan, 7–9.ix. 1996, H. Shima (KUM). VIETNAM: 4 ♂♂, Vinh Phu Prov., Mt. Tam Dao (10538 ′E, 2129 ′N), 930–1230 m, 15–17.v. 1999, H. Kurahashi (BLKU). 1 ♀, Cao Bang Prov., Mt. Pia Oac, 1320 m, 23–27.v. 1999, H. Kurahashi (BLKU). Etymology. The specific name is taken from the country of the type locality, China. Distribution. China (Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Vietnam. Remarks. This species is widely distributed in China and closely similar to B. atkinsoni with antenna reddish brown except apical 1 / 2–3 / 4 of flagellomere 1 darkened, arista plumose, and a pair of large triangular dark brown markings on tergites 3 and 4, but it may be distinguished from the latter in having stronger ocellar setae, weaker vibrissae, and reddish yellow to brown abdomen.Published as part of Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Wang, Qiang & Tschorsnig, Hans-Peter, 2015, A review of Billaea Robineau-Desvoidy of the eastern Palearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 3949 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3949.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28838
Metadrinomyia argentea Shima
No full textMetadrinomyia argentea Shima (Fig. 2 K) Metadrinomyia argentea Shima, 1980: 263. Diagnosis. This species is similar to M. xanthokolos by sharing the silvery pruinosity, but can be easily distinguished by the dark brown legs. We were able to compare the holotypes of M. xanthokolos and M. argentea when HYH visited BLKU (Fig. 2 K). Description. See Shima (1980). Material examined. Holotype female: NEPAL, Chiliwa (1350m) 27 ˚ 29 'N, 87 ˚ 47 'E - Shibuku (2100m) 27 ˚ 30 'N, 87 ˚ 41 'E, 7.VI. 1972, H. Shima (BLKU).Published as part of Byun, Hye-Woo & Han, Ho-Yeon, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the genus Metadrinomyia Shima (Diptera: Tachinidae) with descriptions of two new species, pp. 55-65 in Zootaxa 2311 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19187
Panzeria bisetosa Shima 2020, sp. nov.
No full textPanzeria bisetosa sp. nov. (Figs 15–20, 71–72) Diagnosis. This species is characteristic among species of Panzeria in having male terminalia with narrow cerci and surstylus and female 8th abdominal sternite absent. A rather small species; abdomen long ovate; 2 katepisternal setae; 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2–3 presutural acrostichal setae; apical scutellar setae absent; wing hyaline, without tinge along r-m crossvein; male cerci narrow and curved dorsally. Description. Body length: 6.3–8.7 mm. Male. Head black in ground color, reddish brown on narrow triangular portion below eye and pale yellowish brown on lower portion of face; parafrontal, parafacial, gena and occiput with dense grayish-white pruinosity, somewhat silvery and more whitish on parafacial; face with whitish pruinosity; frontal vitta velvety dark brown; antenna dark brown, apical portion of pedicel reddish brown; palpus reddish yellow, narrowly darkened on basal portion. Frons at narrowest point about 0.22 of head width; frontal vitta weakly widened anteriorly, nearly as wide as parafrontal at middle; frons in lateral view about 1.3 times as long as face; parafacial 0.8–0.9 times as wide as postpedicel at mid height in horizontal position; gena about 1/2 of eye height in horizontal position (3/ 8 in profile); face weakly concave, lower margin warped forward, slightly expanded beyond base of vibrissa. Inner vertical seta rather fine, 1/2–5/8 as long as eye height; 9–11 frontal setae, lowest seta nearly level with apex of pedicel; ocellar setae about 3/4 as long as inner vertical seta; parafrontal with 2–3 rows of fine short black hairs, only 1–2 descending just below lowest frontal seta; parafacial bare; occiput bulged, with 2–3 rows of black hairs behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about 1/4 length of pedicel; postpedicel about 2 times as long as wide, about 2 times as long as pedicel; arista with 2nd aristomere about 2 times as long as wide, 3rd aristomere thickened on its basal 2/5. Prementum short, about as long as postpedicel; palpus nearly cylindrical, only slightly widened near apex, about 4/5 as long as pedicel and postpedicel combined. Thorax black in ground color, apex of scutellum sometimes narrowly reddish brown; scutum with rather thin grayish pruinosity, somewhat brownish near median portion; pleura with thin grayish pruinosity; scutum with 5 broad longitudinal vittae, median vitta sometimes indistinct on presutural area, outer vitta distinctly wider than pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae on postsutural scutum. Two posthumeral setae; 2 or 3 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum with a pair of discal and 3 or 4 pairs of marginal setae, lateral scutellar seta sometimes single, apical setae absent; all marginal scutellar setae very long, about 2 times as long and scutellum, if 2 lateral setae present, then anterior one fine; subapical scutellar setae close at bases and parallel to each other, distance between their bases about 1/2 that between basal and subapical setae; 2 katepisternal setae; anepimeral seta extending at most to posterior margin of upper calypter; anatergite with several fine short hairs. Wing hyaline, weakly tinged with pale brown throughout, without dark tinge on r-m crossvein; calypter whitish; second costal sector about 2/5 length of 3rd and 3rd sector subequal in length to 4th; vein M nearly rightangled at bend, sometimes with a very short appendage, length of M from dm-cu crossvein to bend about 1.5 times distance between bend and wing margin, and about 3/4 as long as dm-cu crossvein. Legs black, hind tibia sometimes dark reddish brown ventrally; fore tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal, 1–2 posterodorsal and 2–3 posterior setae; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal, 2–3 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with a row anterodorsal setae of irregular length, 3–5 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae; claws and pulvilli long, subequal in length to 5th tarsomere. Abdomen black in ground color; dorsum with whitish pruinosity on anterior 1/2–1/4 of 3rd tergite and anterior 1/2–2/3 of 4th and 5th tergites, pruinosity thinner medially and faded posteriorly on each tergite, a broad mid-dorsal longitudinal vitta distinct on 3rd to 5th tergites; venter with thin grayish-white pruinosity throughout. Hairs on dorsum suberect, dense and rather long, becoming sparser posteriorly, on venter fine, short and dense; syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae and with 2 lateral marginal setae; 3rd tergite with a pair of strong median discal and median marginal setae and 2 lateral marginal setae; 4th tergite with a pair of strong median discal and a row of marginal setae; 5th tergite with regular rows of strong discal and marginal setae; 5th sternite with posterior lobe occupying about posterior 1/3 of its length, inner posterior corner of posterior lobe roundly produced, with dense long hairs; median membranous portion rather narrow, T-shaped. Terminalia: 6th tergite to epandrium with very thin grayish pruinosity; 6th tergite rather long, fused with syntergosternite 7+8 medially, about 1/2 as long as syntergosternite 7+8, with a row of rather strong marginal setae and 1–2 rows of fine hairs; epandrium large, with a short posterior invagination; cerci in dorsal view strongly narrowed from base to basal 2/5, then almost parallel-sided to apex, in lateral view well curved medially, apex narrowly truncated; surstylus narrow, nearly straight in lateral view, with 2 short and strong spines at apex; hypandrial arms broad; pregonite wide, posterior margin curved outwardly with several long and short hairs; postgonite narrow, weakly widened posteriorly; epiphallus absent; basiphallus rather long; distiphallus broad rectangular in lateral view. Female. Differs from male as follows: antenna with scape and pedicel more reddish, especially on bases and apices; frons at narrowest point about 0.31 of head width; frons in profile about 1/2 times as long as face; parafacial width about 0.83 of postpedicel (0.67 in profile); head setae stronger, inner vertical seta more than 3/4 length of eye height; outer vertical seta developed, about 2/3 as long as inner vertical seta; 1 outwardly directed prevertical seta, about 4/5 as long as outer vertical seta; ocellar setae nearly as long as outer vertical seta; 2 subequally long proclinate orbital setae, subequal in length to outer vertical seta; 6–8 frontal setae; antennal pedicel with a long seta which is shorter than pedicel; postpedicel 1.6–1.8 time as long as wide and 1.6–1.8 times as long as pedicel; palpus clavate, slightly longer than postpedicel; legs with claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; abdominal hairs shorter and appressed on 3rd and 4th tergites. Terminalia: 6th tergite broadly divided into short and high hemitergites, with a row of strong setae marginally; 7th hemitergite subequal in length to 6th hemitergite, lower than the latter, with a row of rather sparse strong setae medially; 7th sternite weakly constricted posteromedially, ventromedian portion weakly membranous; 8th tergite absent; epiproct divided medially into 2 small sclerites, each with a strong seta. Type material. Holotype male: [Japan] Kyushu / Fukuoka / Mt. Kanayama / 15.v.1984 / H. Shima (BLKU). Paratypes (all in KUM): Japan, Honshu: 1 female, Aomori Pref., Mt. Bonju, 4.vi.1983, S. Fukushi; 1 male, Nagano Pref., Shimashimatani, 24.v.1975, A. Nakanishi & J. Emoto (Malaise trap). Kyushu: 1 female, Fukuoka City, Aburayama, 21–28.iv.1983, H. Shima (yellow pan trap); 1 female, Kyushu, Fukuoka City, Mt. Kanayama, 1.vi.1984, H. Shima; 1 male, Fukuoka Pref., Mt. Kusenbu, 29.v.2009, H. Shima; 1 male, Kumamoto Pref., Izumimura, Nitao, 29.iv.1974, I. Ohtsuka. Etymology. The specific name refers to the presence of only two katepisternal setae in this species, combining the Latin noun bi, two, with the noun seta, hair. Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu).Published as part of Shima, Hiroshi, 2020, The genus Panzeria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Japan, pp. 541-575 in Zootaxa 4816 (4) on pages 549-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/395465
THE PRINCE OF THE ABROLHOS, 2020-2023:(On Micronations and Pseudolaw in Western Australia)
No full textThis article examines the Houtman Abrolhos Micro Nation, established by Kristin MacDonald, a Western Australian man, in 2020. The article draws on media reports and documents prepared by the ‘prince’ in support of his legal claims. Notwithstanding a curious attempt to draw support from the neighbouring micronation of New Westralia, MacDonald’s claims were quickly dismissed by the Geraldton Magistrates Court in 2023, and the micronation has ceased to operate. Nevertheless, its brief existence demonstrates the continuing allure of micronationalism and pseudolaw for some individuals who have allowed what they perceive to be a personal injustice to take on a political dimension
- …
