55,984 research outputs found
Using the attention cascade model to computationally account for the age differences in an Attentional Blink (AB) task
No full textThe attention cascade model (Shih, 2008) is a general, mathematical model of attention and working memory. It is applied here to characterize cognitive aging
Strenorhagio deviatus Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>STRENORHAGIO DEVIATUS</i> ZHANG, YANG & SHIH GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIG. 3) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name refers to the Latin ‘d <i>eviatus</i> ’ (abnormal), because of the abnormal position of crossvein r–m.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r–m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; mouth of cell sc slightly wider than that of cell r 1; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007018, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 14.8 mm; wing length, 11.0 mm; wing width, 3.3 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head elliptical, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of larger facets.</p> <p>Legs pubescent. Hind femur and tibia slender; first tarsomere distinctly longer and wider than following tarsomeres.</p> <p> Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending at wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 9.5: 1: 8.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 longer than crossvein m–m. Vein CuA 1 arising from infall of cells bm and d; veins CuP and A 2 present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4 distinctly narrow. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 much narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 subequal to that of cell m 1 in width, about 1/2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> See remarks for <i>Strenorhagio grimaldi</i> sp. nov.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on page 567, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
<i>HIST1H2BB</i> and <i>MAGI2</i> Methylation and Somatic Mutations as Precision Medicine Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
No full textEsta investigación fue financiada por la subvención Outside the Box de la Fundación para el Cáncer de Ovario HERA (a B.L. Valle); la Alianza para la Investigación del Cáncer de Ovario (a I.-M. Shih); el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer U01CA84986 (a D. Sidransky) y K01CA164092 (a R. Guerrero-Preston); P50CA228991 (a I.-M. Shih) y el Instituto Nacional de Salud de las Minorías y Disparidades en la Salud R44MD014911 (a R. Guerrero-Preston).This research was supported by HERA Ovarian Cancer Foundation Outside the Box Grant (to B.L. Valle); Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance (to I.-M. Shih); National Cancer Institute U01CA84986 (to D. Sidransky) and K01CA164092 (to R. Guerrero-Preston); P50CA228991 (to I.-M. Shih) and National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities R44MD014911 (to R. Guerrero-Preston)
Geothelphusa makatao Shih & Shy, 2009, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Geothelphusa makatao</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. <b>Holotype</b>: 1 male (39.3 x 29.3 mm) (NMNS-5915-001), Longcyuan Temple, Chaishan, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, coll. Jung-Hsiang Lee, 31 May 2002. <b>Paratypes</b>: 2 males, CW 32.5, 35.4 mm (NCHUZOOL 13033), same data as holotype; 1 male, CW 35.4 mm, 1 female, CW 43.0 mm (NCHUZOOL 13238), Chaishan, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, coll. J.-H. Lee, 25 May, 2002; 4 ovigerous females, CW 37.1~ 42.6 mm (NCHUZOOL 13032, 13240, 13241), 22 May 2002, Longcyuan Temple, Chaishan, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, coll. Hsi-Te Shih; 1 male, CW 25.3 mm (NCHUZOOL 13239), Cueiheng Dormitory, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, coll. H.- T. Shih, 9 Aug. 2000; 1 male, CW 36.6 mm (NTOU F10708), Cueiheng Dormitory, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, coll. H.- T. Shih, 22 May 2002.</p> <p> <b>Comparative material examined</b>. see Table 2 for the holotypes of <i>G. albogilva</i>, <i>G. ancylophallus</i>, <i>G. pingtung</i>, and <i>G. shernshan</i>.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Carapace swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.5-, 1.9-times carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin straight, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with very low granules. External orbital angle stout, external orbital region concave. Anterolateral margin faint, smooth, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital crista faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome slightly stout. Distance between tip of closed male abdomen, anterior margin of thoracic sternite 4 about 2.4 times length of thoracic sternites 1-3. Chelipeds of adult male unequal, fingers of larger chela forming large gape when closed. Ambulatory legs smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson of male abdomen bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.4 carapace length. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 1 a-c) slightly curving outwards, outer proximal margin with blunt tooth, inner proximal margin moderately dilated; terminal segment straight or slightly curving inwards; total length of G1 4.9 terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 6.1 maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 1d) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.14 total length.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The species is named for the aboriginal Makatao Tribe, one of the Pingpu Tribes, which once lived in the Chaishan area. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Coloration</b>. Body, including legs, of most adults is yellow (Fig. 2d). Some young individuals range from pale yellow, orange (Fig. 2f, g), or greenish (Fig. 2e), to brown.</p> <p> <b>Ecological notes</b>. The maximum elevation of type locality, Chaishan, is only 330 m and no permanent surface running water is present in this uplifted coral reef mountain system. Aquatic habitats rely on the presence of small ephemeral springs and periodic rainfall. Specimens were collected under rocks (Fig. 2h) or as they moved around on a road after a rain. Some individuals were observed near a burrow entrance. Ovigerous females were observed and collected in May (Fig. 2g).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. This species is found only in the Chaishan area, Kaohsiung City, southwestern Taiwan.</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Based on Shih <i>et al</i>. (2004, 2007b), <i>G. makatao</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. (as “ <i>G. albogilva</i> ” in Shih <i>et al</i>. 2007b), <i>G. shernshan</i>, <i>G. neipu</i>, and <i>G. pingtung</i> belong to the <i>G. pingtung</i> clade, but <i>G. neipu</i> was formally synonymized under <i>G. pingtung</i> recently (Ng <i>et al</i>. 2008). Morphologically, this new species is close to <i>G. pingtung</i> and <i>G. shernshan</i>, but they can be separated by several characters including carapace height and G1 morphology (Table 2). In particular, the new species differs from <i>G. shernshan</i> by the relatively taller and higher carapace (Table 2; Fig 2A, B in Chen <i>et al.</i> 2005). The external morphology of <i>G.makatao</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>G. albogilva</i>, both of which inhabit the uplifted coral reef mountain and are yellow in color, is also superficially similar. However, the distance between the tip of the closed male abdomen and the anterior margin of thoracic sternite 4, and the relative lengths of the second leg and terminal segment of the G1 of <i>G. makatao</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> are clearly greater than those of <i>G. albogilva</i> (Table 2; Fig. 4 in Shy <i>et al</i>. 1994).</p> <p> <i>Geothelphusa ancylophallus</i> is also close to this new species, with the body height of both species being greater than most other species of <i>Geothelphusa.</i> The G1 of the former, however, is strongly curved outwards, while that of the latter is only slightly curved (Table 2; Fig. 2 in Shy <i>et al</i>. 1994).</p>Published as part of <i>Shih, Hsi-Te & Shy, Jhy-Yun, 2009, Geothelphusa makatao sp. nov. (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae), a new freshwater crab from an uplifted Pleistocene reef in Taiwan, pp. 51-60 in Zootaxa 2106 (1)</i> on pages 52-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2106.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5323183">http://zenodo.org/record/5323183</a>
Strenorhagio grimaldi Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>STRENORHAGIO GRIMALDI</i> ZHANG, REN & SHIH GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIG. 4) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name is dedicated to the eminent American palaeoentomologist: David Grimaldi.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hind femur and tibia slender. Crossvein r–m far proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu short; mouths of cells sc and r 1 subequal in width; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 narrower than that of cell m 1.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> Part and counterpart of CNU-DIB- NN2007019P, and CNU-DIB-NN2007019C, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 17.0 mm; wing length, 13.7 mm; wing width, 4.2 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of large facets.</p> <p> Hind legs pubescent, femur and tibia slender. Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, proximal to beginning of vein R 2+3; relative lengths of veins Rs 1, Rs 2 and Rs 3 about 6: 1: 4.5. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m–m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu short; vein CuP present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1, wide, but subequal in width; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4, distinctly narrower. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouth of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 distinctly narrower than that of cell m 1, about 1/2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Eight segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.</p> <p> <i>Remarks: Strenorhagio grimaldi</i> sp. nov. looks, more or less, like <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov. However, we can separate it from <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov. by the following features: basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 distinctly shorter than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm; crossvein m–cu short. In <i>S. deviatus</i> sp. nov., the basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 is longer than crossvein m–m; vein CuA 1 arises from the infall of cells bm and d.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Microleon taiwanensis Sohn & Shih & Wu 2024, n. sp.
No full text<i>Microleon taiwanensis</i> n. sp. (Figs 4–6, 9) <p> <i>Types</i>. Holotype: male, “A55-20160614-115/ 2nd working station, Taimalee Res. Center/ 854m, Taitung County, Taiwan / L.C. Shih <i>leg.</i> ”, “ Genitalia slide/ SJC-1212/ ♂ J. C. Sohn ” [purple label], NMNS. Paratypes: 1♂, Hualien Co., Xiulin Township, Iron Wire Bridge Camp (24.167148N 121.325074E, alt. 1,950 m), 6 July 2023 (S Wu), NTM; 1♂, Ilan Co., Tianwan (alt. 1050 m), 17. Apr. 2012 (S Wu), genitalia slide no. [GSN] TFRI145453, TFRI; 1♂, Miaoli Co., Cholan Hydro Power Plant (alt. 621 m), 16 Aug. 2022 (LC Shih), [GSN] RBC8930, NMNS; 1♂, Nantou Co., Benbu River (alt. 800 m), 26 Jun. 2011 (S Wu & WC Chang), [GSN] TFRI157106, TFRI; 1♂, Nantou Co., Linxiao Temple, 12 Oct. 2016 (LC Shih), NMNS; 1♂, Nantou Co., Ruei-Yan River Major Wildlife Habitat (alt. 2,184 m), 10 Sept. 2018 (CH Wang <i>et al.</i>), NMNS; 1♂, Nantou Co., Lienhuachih Landscape Platform (alt. 721 m), 25 Apr. 2020 (XE Cai <i>et al.</i>), NMNS; 1♂, Taichung, Wushinkeng (alt. 950 m), 2 Feb. 2012 (HH Lin), [GSN] A32-20120222 - 043, NMNS; 1♂, Taipei Co., Wulai, Fushan (alt. 310 m), 15. Mar. 2013 (S Wu & WC Chang), [GSN] TFRI176411, TFRI.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. This species is similar to a congener, <i>M. decolatus</i> from Japan and Korea in the absence of the juxtal processes but differs from the latter in having the ventral process of sacculus shorter than the dorsal one.</p> <p> <i>Description</i>. Habitus (Figs 4–6) – Head: Vertex brownish white, intermixed with pale orange scales on occipital area; frons pale grayish brown. Labial palpus brownish white, intermixed with pale grayish brown and dark brown scales laterally; 2 nd segment 4× longer than 1 st; 3 rd segment 2/5 as long as 2 nd. Antenna 3/4 as long as forewing; scape pale orange, sparsely intermixed with dark brown scales dorsally; flagellomeres brownish gray. Thorax: Patagium pale orange, sparsely irrorated with purplish brown; tegula pale orange, irrorated with purplish brown basally; mesonotum pale orange, with purplish brown streak medially. Forewing length ca. 7.1 mm, purplish brown; costal area purplish brown on basal 3/4, pale orange, peppered with purplish brown on distal 1/4; basal area orange, irrorated with purplish brown; apical patch pale orange, intermixed with purplish brown scales; discal spot small, orange; dorsal patch at middle of dorsum subtriangular, brownish orange; cilia brownish gray, peppered with purplish brown. Hindwing dark brown, with orange spot, surrounded by black on tornal angle; cilia pale gray, with two lines of dark brown irroration. Foreleg with coxa purplish brown, peppered with pale orange; femur orange, intermixed with purplish brown scales; tibia purplish brown, peppered with pale orange laterally, pale orange mesally; tarsomere dark brown, with pale orange ring distally. Midleg with coxa pale orange, intermixed with purplish brown scales; femur purplish brown laterally, pale orange mesally; tibia purplish brown dorsally, pale orange ventrally; tarsomere dark purplish brown, with pale orange ring distally. Hindleg with coxa pale orange, intermixed with purplish brown scales; femur purplish brown dorsally, pale orange ventrally; tibia pale orange, with purplish brown band at distal 1/6; tarsomere dark purplish brown, with pale orange ring distally. Abdomen: Terga and sterna purplish brown, intermixed with pale orange scales. Male genitalia (Fig. 9) – Uncus long tongue-shaped, upcurved at distal 1/3, with dense, long hairs laterally. Tegumen narrow, parallel-sided; gnathos broad, T-shaped, slightly emarginated and granulate on distal margin of medial plate, with lateral projections narrowly rounded on apex. Valva narrow, dilated in ear-shape and densely setose in distal half; costa slightly bulged at basal 2/5; sacculus broad, sparsely setose, extended to two processes distally, with left upper process 1/2 as long as right upper one, 1.5× longer than left lower process and right upper process 2× longer than right lower one. Vinculum small, U-shaped. Phallus of even width, slightly bent medially, with upcurved coecum; carina hastate; vesical with granulate area, without cornuti.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Taiwan (endemic).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. This species is named after the country of the type locality.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>. This species seems to be quite common in the Taiwanese fauna and possibly it has been confused with <i>Microleon longipalpis</i> in the country.</p>Published as part of <i>Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Shih, Li-Cheng & Wu, Shipher, 2024, Review of Microleon Butler, 1885 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from Taiwan with description of a new species based on morphology and DNA barcoding, pp. 377-384 in Zootaxa 5403 (3)</i> on pages 379-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5403.3.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10562088">http://zenodo.org/record/10562088</a>
Uranorhagio daohugouensis Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>URANORHAGIO DAOHUGOUENSIS</i> ZHANG, YANG & REN GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIGS 1, 2) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name refers to the type locality: Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> The same as <i>Uranorhagio</i> gen. nov.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007016, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view.</p> <p> <i>Paratype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007017, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 18.0– 21.7 mm; wing length, 13.5–18.0 mm; wing width, 4.2–5.7 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia visible clearly.</p> <p>Mesonotum slightly convex. Legs pubescent. Femora and tibiae of fore and mid-legs slender; fore tibia with a spur; hind femur robust, strongly swollen at apical part, hind tibia with two spurs; first tarsomere distinctly longer than following tarsomeres, empodium pulvilliform.</p> <p> Wing hyaline, slender relative to body; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; veins R 2+3, R 4, and R 5 straight and parallel with each other (except for bases of veins R 2+3 and R 4); beginning of vein R 4 proximal to apex of cell d; vein R 5 ending at wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal 3/7 of cell d, distal to beginning of vein R 2+3; relative length of veins Rs 1, Rs 2, and Rs 3 about 3.5: 1: 2.5 to 4.5: 1: 4. Veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal of crossvein m–m, with base of vein M 1 curved upwards; vein M 3 short. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm. Anal lobe with several veins (or just some creases of wing). Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4 distinctly narrower; cell r 4 much narrower. Cell bm slightly wider than cell br; cell d large, nearby wing margin, curved quadrangle. Five posterior cells present and wide open; mouths of cells m 1 and m 2 subequal in length; mouth of cell m 3 narrow, about 1/5–1/2 as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open; anal lobe small and narrow.</p> <p>Abdomen robust, pubescent. Nine segments visible; segment I evidently shortest.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on pages 565-566, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Strenorhagio asymmetricus Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010
No full text<i>STRENORHAGIO ASYMMETRICUS</i> ZHANG, YANG & REN GEN. ET SP. NOV. (FIGS 5, 6) <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The specific name refers to the Greek ‘ <i>asymmetricus</i> ’ (asymmetric), because of the asymmetric position of crossvein r–m in two wings.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Hind femur swollen at apical part; each tibia with a spur at apex. Crossvein r–m slightly proximal to beginning of vein R 2+ 3 in left wing, and nearly coalesced with vein R 2+3 at vein Rs (vein Rs 2 nearly disappearing) in right wing; vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu long; basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m–m; mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide, relative widths about 4: 3. Segments I–VI with black stripe at each end.</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007020, an almost complete adult body with wings in dorsal view.</p> <p> <i>Paratype:</i> CNU-DIB-NN2007021, an almost complete adult body with a wing in lateral view.</p> <p> <i>Type locality and horizon:</i> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China; Jiulongshan Formation, the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian).</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Body length, 13.5 mm; wing length, 8.5 mm; wing width, 3.1 mm.</p> <p>Body stout. Head round, slightly narrower than thorax. Eyes large, bare; ommatidia clearly visible, with upper area composed of larger facets.</p> <p>Legs pubescent. Hind femur swollen at apical part; each tibia with a spur at apex; first tarsomere distinctly much longer and wider than following tarsomeres.</p> <p> Wing hyaline; veins thick and strong. Vein Sc ending slightly beyond middle of wing. Veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; vein R 5 ending slightly beyond wing apex. Crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d; proximal to beginning of vein R 2+ 3 in left wing, nearly coalesced with vein R 2+3 at vein Rs (with vein Rs 2 nearly disappearing) in right wing; vein Rs 1 shorter than vein Rs 3. All branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m, basal trunk of veins M 1 and M 2 shorter than crossvein m–m. Vein CuA 1 arising from cell bm, crossvein m–cu long; vein CuP present. Mouths of cells sc and r 1 wide, relative widths 4: 3; mouths of cells r 2+3 and r 4 distinctly narrow. Cell bm about as wide as cell br; cell d slender, far from wing margin. Five posterior cells present, and wide open; mouths of cell m 1 slightly narrower than that of cell m 2; mouth of cell m 3 distinctly narrower than that of cell m 1, about half as wide as that of cell cua 1. Cell cup distinctly open.</p> <p>Abdomen cylindrical, robust, and pubescent. Nine segments visible; segments I–VI with black stripe at each end.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> Because the position of crossvein r–m is asymmetric in the two wings, the crossvein m–cu is longer, the cell r 1 is narrower, and segments I–VI have black stripe at each end, we can easily separate <i>S. asymmetricus</i> sp. nov. from <i>S. grimaldi</i> sp. nov.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on pages 568-569, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Strenorhagio Zhang & Yang & Ren & Shih 2010, GEN. NOV.
No full textSTRENORHAGIO GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The generic name is derived from the Greek ‘S <i>tren</i> ’ (stout) and the genus ‘ <i>Rhagio</i> ’ (rhagionid fly).</p> <p> <i>Type species: Strenorhagio deviatus</i> sp. nov. <i>Included species: Strenorhagio deviatus</i> sp. nov., <i>S. grimaldi</i> sp. nov., <i>S. asymmetricus</i> sp. nov., and <i>S. conjugovenius</i> sp. nov.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Body stout. Vein R 2+3 distinctly and strongly bent upwards at base; crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, proximal to or coalesced with beginning of vein R 2+3, beginning of vein R 4 distal to apex of cell d; all branches of vein M long, veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m; vein CuP present; cell r 4 wider than in <i>Uranorhagio</i> gen. nov.; cell d slender, far from wing margin.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> The genus is known only from China, and is currently represented by four species.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> We treat <i>Strenorhagio</i> gen. nov. as the second genus of family Uranorhagionidae fam. nov., because it has the following characters: body stout; hind tibia with a spur; veins R 1 and Rs 1 long; vein R 2+3 strongly bent upwards at base; veins M 1 and M 2 bifurcating distal to crossvein m–m; five posterior cells present and wide open, etc. However, we can easily separate it from <i>Uranorhagio</i> gen. nov. by the following features: vein R 4 beginning distal to apex of cell d; crossvein r–m at basal third of cell d, proximal to or coalesced with beginning of vein R 2+3; all branches of vein M long; cell r 4 wider than that in <i>Uranorhagio</i> gen. nov.; cell d slender, far from wing margin. In <i>Uranorhagio</i> gen. nov., vein R 4 begins proximal to the apex of cell d, crossvein r–m is located at the basal 3/7 of cell d, distal to the beginning of vein R 2+3; at least vein M 3 is short; cell r 4 is much narrower.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Kuiyan, Yang, Ding, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chungkun, 2010, An evolutional special case in the lower Orthorrhapha: some attractive fossil flies from the Middle Jurassic of China (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 563-572 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (3)</i> on page 566, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00552.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5438122">http://zenodo.org/record/5438122</a>
Praeaulacus subrhombeus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Praeaulacus subrhombeus</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 2 and 3)</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is from Latin “ <i>subrhombers</i> ” meaning approximate rhombus, referring to the first metasomal segment nearly rhomboid in shape.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: female. No. CNU-HYM-NN-2012034(P/C). Well preserved with almost complete body, antennae and wings. Color brown.</p> <p> <b>Occurrence.</b> Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, Jiulongshan Formation, late Middle Jurassic (Callovian–Bathonian boundary).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Fore wing with 1r-rs absent; first abscissa of Rs shorter than that of M; 2r-m far basad of 2m-cu; cu-a postfurcal. Hind wing with r-m straight; first abscissa of M slightly bent and meet M+Cu basad of Rs original; cu-a very short. First metasomal segment more or less rhomboid shaped.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Head medium-sized, transversely broad, nearly 1.7 times as wide as long. Antenna with scape small, other segments not preserved. Mesosoma broad, nearly 1.2 times as long as wide. Fore wing with first abscissa of Rs both shorter than that of M and that its distance to pterostigma; pterostigmal base distinctly closer to Rs origin than to 2r-rs; 1r-rs absent, 2r-rs arising from pterostigma at its basal 0.5 length, slightly longer than maximal width of 2rm and meeting Rs far basad of 2r-m; both of 2r-m and 3r-m slightly oblique, cell 3rm distinct wider than 2rm, but slightly shorter than 2rm; cell 1mcu nearly forming a parallelogram, about 2.3 times as long as wide; 2m-cu meeting M distad of 2r-m and cell 2mcu about 2.2 times as long as wide; cu-a postfurcal and nearly as long as that first abscissa of M. Hind wing with first abscissa of Rs about 1.6 times as long as r-m; first abscissa of M slightly bent and about 3.7 times as long as r-m; cu-a short, meeting Cu beyond the fork of M+Cu into M and Cu, free M, Cu and A long. Metasoma medium-ovoid, with five segments; first segment broad and nearly rhomboid shaped, about 1.6 times as wide as long; second to fourth slightly shorter and wider than first. Ovipositor shorter than fore wing.</p> <p> <b>Measurements in mm.</b> Head length 0.8, width 1.3; mesosomal length 2.2, wide 1.8; fore wing length 6.2, width 2.1; first metasomal segment wide length 1.6, length 1.0; metasomal length 3.9; ovipositor length 3.5 (as preserved).</p>Published as part of <i>Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3)</i> on page 435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/230482">http://zenodo.org/record/230482</a>
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