55,094 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Distinctive Sorption Mechanisms of Soil Organic Matter and Mineral Components as Elucidated by Organic Vapor Uptake Kinetics
No full textKinetics of Toluene Sorption and Desorption in Ca- and Cu- Montmorillonites Investigated with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy under Two Different Levels of Humidity
No full text
Phosphorus Flux of Reservoir Sediments-- Hsin-Shan and Shih-man Reservoir
No full text磷（Phosphorus）是許多水生生物之營養鹽限制因子，當水中磷濃度過高時會造成藻類大量生長使水體優養化，因此研究水庫中之內、外部磷負荷是維持良好水質之重要方法。許多研究證實，底泥是水庫內部磷之源（Source）與匯（Sink），故本論文以新山及石門水庫為研究對象，探討底泥磷釋出通量及其影響因子。
以磷之序列分選技術對上層10公分底泥及沈降物進行分析得知，新山水庫底泥磷組成主要為有機磷，約佔總磷量之96%以上。石門水庫底泥磷組成以鈣結合磷為大宗，約佔總磷量之78%。由於新山水庫底泥含多量之鐵金屬，溶氧之程度會影響鐵之氧化還原狀態，進而控制底泥磷之釋出。石門水庫底泥含鈣、鋁金屬，因此底泥磷之釋出不受溶氧之影響。新山水庫由沈降物捕集器所收集之總磷沈降通量約為1.36至1.68 mg/m2/day，石門水庫約為6.04 mg/m2/day，石門水庫支沈降量顯然受到外來來源之影響甚鉅。
透過好氧與厭氧之磷釋出通量試驗得知，新山水庫底泥在好氧時磷釋出通量約為0.10 mg/m2/day，厭氧約為3.57 mg/m2/day。石門水庫底泥好氧釋出通量約為0.13 mg/m2/day，厭氧約為0.10 mg/m2/day。經水庫磷質量平衡計算，新山水庫之底泥磷釋出於2006年超越水庫水體外部磷負荷量，石門水庫僅佔外部負荷之1.7%。因此可推測底泥磷對新山水庫具有相當程度之影響，相對而言，石門水庫之底泥磷釋出量對水體水質影響程度甚微。It has been demonstrated that phosphorus concentration is a limiting factor for the growth of planktons in reservoirs and lakes. High phosphorus concentration results in high rate of algae growth and eutrophic state of reservoirs. Bottom sediments have been identified as potential sink and source of phosphorus to the overlaying water. As a result, the understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling phosphorus release flux from benthic sediment is needed. In the thesis, Hsin-shan Reservoir and Shih-men Reservoir were taken as our study sites for the investigation of sediment-water column interaction.
The results of fractional extraction analysis of bottom sediments and settling matters show that organic-P and calcium-P dominate in Hsin-shan Reservoir and Shih-men Reservoir, respectively. Therefore, in Hsin-shan Reservoir, dissolved oxygen has great influence on the release of phosphorus from sediments because of its rich of ferric content in sediment. In contrast, in Shih-men Reservoir, dissolved oxygen may not affect the release of phosphorus since aluminum and calcium minerals dominate in sediment. Flux of total settling phosphorus collected by sediment traps ranged from 1.36 to 1.68 mg/m2/day in Hsin-shan Reservoir and 6.04 mg/m2/day in Shih-men Reservoir. For the reason above, settling flux in Shih-men Reservoir is influenced by external input significantly.
Through the investigation of the phosphorus release flux under oxic or anoxic condition, the following results were observed: The release flux in oxic condition was about 0.10 and 0.13 mg/m2/day in Hsin-shan Reservoir and Shih-men Reservoir, respectively. Under anoxic condition, it was about 3.57 and 0.10 mg/m2/day in Hsin-shan Reservoir and Shih-men Reservoir, respectively. Mass balance for the annual external and internal phosphorus loading shows that released internal loading from bottom sediment has exceeded external loading in Hsin-shan Reservoir in 2006. However, internal phosphorus loading only accounts for 1.7% of the external loading in Shih-men Reservoir in the same year. So it is concluded that internal loading from sediments may have considerable impact on water quality in Hsin-shan Reservoir but minor impact in Shih-men Reservoir.中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………...Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………...Ⅱ
目錄………………………………………………………………..………………..Ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………...Ⅶ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………...Ⅷ
第一章 前言…………...……………………………………………………………1
第二章 研究背景與文獻回顧 ………………………………………………….3
2.1 水庫中之磷……………………………………………………………………….3
2.1.1. 水庫中磷之種類與來源……………………………………………….3
2.1.2. 底泥來源……………………………………………………………….4
2.2. 磷在水庫中之循環………………………………………………………………5
2.2.1. 磷在水體中之循環…………………………………………………….5
2.2.2. 磷在底泥中之循環…………………………………………………….5
2.3. 底泥磷釋出機制…………………………………………………………………7
2.3.1. 底泥磷移動化之影響因子…………………………………………….7
2.3.1.1. 底泥磷之組成………………………………………………..7
2.3.1.2. 氧化還原狀態………………………………………………..8
2.3.1.3. pH…………………………………………………………....10
2.3.1.4. 微生物礦化作用…………………………………………….11
2.3.1.5. 溶解與沈澱之平衡………………………………………….12
2.3.1.6. 吸附╱脫附作用………………………………………… 13
2.3.2. 底泥磷遷移之機制……………………………………………………14
2.3.2.1. 擴散作用…………………………………………………….14
2.3.2.2. 氣體對流………………………………………..………...…14
2.4. 磷的序列分選…………………………………………………………………...15
2.4.1. 磷的序列分選之發展…………………………………………………15
2.5. 底泥磷傳輸通量模式…………………………………………………………...17
2.5.1. 底泥磷模式發展………………………………………….…………...17
第三章 材料與方法……………………………………………………………...20
3.1. 研究流程…………………………………………………………..……………20
3.2. 研究場址背景…………………………………………………………………...21
3.2.1. 新山水庫………………………………………………………………21
3.2.2. 石門水庫………………………………………………………………21
3.3. 採樣方法………………………………………………………………………...23
3.3.1. 底泥採樣………………………………………………………………23
3.3.1.1. 底泥採樣方法……………………………………………….23
3.3.1.2. 底泥運送及保存方法……………………………………….23
3.3.2. 沈降物捕集方法………………………………………………………24
3.3.2.1. 沈降物捕集設備…………………………………………….24
3.3.2.2. 沈降物運送及保存方法…………………………………….24
3.4. 分析方法………………………………………………………………………...25
3.4.1. 底泥分析………………………………………………………………25
3.4.1.1. 底泥分析項目……………………………………………….25
3.4.1.2. 底泥分析方法……………………………………………….26
3.4.2. 沈降物分析……………………………………………………………28
3.4.2.1 沈降物分析項目……………………………………………..28
3.4.2.2. 沈降物分析方法…………………………………………….28
3.5. 底泥管柱磷釋出試驗…………………………………………………………...28
3.5.1. 底泥磷釋出試驗設備…………………………………………………28
3.5.2. 底泥磷釋出試驗分析項目及方法……………………………………29
3.6. 底泥磷通量模式之建立………………………………………………………...30
3.6.1. 概念模式………………………………………………………………30
3.6.2. 基本假設………………………………………………………………31
3.6.3. 方程式推導…………………………………………………………...32
第四章 結果與討論……………………………………………………………...35
4.1. 底泥分析結果…………………………………………………………………..35
4.1.1. 底泥總磷及孔隙水總磷、反應性磷………………………………...35
4.1.2. 底泥有機碳…………………………………………………………...37
4.1.3. 底泥金屬……………………………………………………………...38
4.1.4. 底泥凱式氮…………………………………………………………...42
4.1.5. 序列分選磷…………………………………………………………...44
4.1.6. 底泥粒徑分布………………………………………………………...47
4.1.7. 水質數據……………………………………………………………...49
4.2. 沈降物捕集器試驗結果………………………………………………………..54
4.2.1. 沈降物沈積量………………………………………………………...54
4.2.2. 沈降物總磷…………………………………………………………...55
4.2.3. 沈降物有機碳………………………………………………………...57
4.2.4. 沈降物序列分選磷…………………………………………………...57
4.3. 底泥磷釋出通量結果…………………………………………………………..58
4.4. 水庫內磷負荷推估……………………………………………………………..63
4.4.1. 新山水庫……………………………………………………………...63
4.4.2. 石門水庫……………………………………………………………...63
4.5. 釋出通量模式之模擬結果……………………………………………………..64
4.5.1. 表層水溶解總磷校正結果…………………………………………...64
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………..67
5.1. 結論……………………………………………………………………………..67
5.2. 建議……………………………………………………………………………..69
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………..7
On the Style of the Hsin-wu-tai-shih
No full textThe historian Ou-yang Hsiu 歐陽修 (1007-1072) is well known in literary history as an advocate of the ku-wen or Ancient Style prose, which had been advocated earlier by the T'ang scholar Han Yü (768-824), and was one of the men responsible for establishing ku-wen as the accepted prose style for almost all literary genres. He had demonstrated in the Hsin-t'ang-shu or "New History of the T'ang", which he wrote in conjunction with Sung Ch'i 宋祁 (998-1061), how the ku-wen style should be used in historical writing, and his other major work, the Hsin-wu-tai-shih or "New History of the Five Dynasties", in 74 chüan, shows to an even greater extent the advantages of the new prose style. Some years earlier, a group of scholars headed by Hsüeh Chücheng 薛居正 had produced a history of the period in 150 chüan, based principally on records of the official court historiographers. Known as the Chiu-wu-tai-shih or "Old History of the Five Dynasties, " it is very detailed in content but rather flat and uninspired in style. In producing his own history of the period, Ou-yang Hsiu boldly condensed the material of the earlier work, and at the same time supplemented it with material drawn from unofficial accounts and private papers, creating a much livelier and more vivid depiction of the personalities of the time. His portraits of the non-Chinese rulers of the period, or the ex-bandit military leaders, with their rough and uncultured ways, are particularly well drawn in the simple, concise style he employed. Whereas the earlier history had used a rhythmically monotonous style based upon 4-character and 6-character patterns, Ou-yang Hsiu employed a rhythm based on phrases of an odd number of characters, and greatly increased the tension of the narrative. The best example of the powerful effect of this style, which builds up from short phrases to phrases of everincreasing length, is the introduction to the Ling-kuan-chuan 伶官傳 or "Biographies of Musicians", ch. 37. His sections of subjective comment and appraisal have been criticized for their excessively emotional tone. But this is no more than an expression of the passion with which he approached his work, and which impelled him to undertake and complete his historical masterpiece
Ariptyelus subauropilosus Shih and Yang, sp. nov.
No full textAriptyelus subauropilosus Shih and Yang sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6) Coloration: Body light brown, ventral thorax dark brown in each side. Eyes dark brown; antenna brown, 3 rd segment dark brown; vertex yellowish brown, dark brown centrally indistinct, median carina brown, except light brown at base. Frons in dorsal view brown, median carina brown, frons in ventral view with basal part yellowish brown, transverse band dark brown, apical part yellowish brown; gena and base of mouth part brown. Pronotum brown mottled. Mesoscutellum brown, yellow at tip. Tegmen (Fig. 5 C) dark brown, apical half with dark brown marks irregularly; distinctly transverse band at middle, darker on costal margin and lighter on cubital area. Hind leg brown. Structure: Head width: body width: body length= 1: 1.3: 2.8. Head in ventral view rhombus, about 1.8 times wider at base than median length; about 3.4 times wider than long from dorsal aspect. Pronotum wider than median length at widest part about 1.6: 1. Tegmen (Fig. 5 C) subquadrate, anal margin: posterior margin: length of tegmen = 1.0: 1.5: 3.1; LBW: LMW: LT= 1: 2: 2.8. Wings (Fig. 5 D) with 4 apical cells, apical cells with first longer than third 1.4: 1. Wing coupling apparatus with 3 hooks (Fig. 5 F) on basal part of costal margin. Hind tibia with apical spines arranged in 2 rows, upper row with 8 spines, lower one with 9 spines. Male Genitalia: Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 6 A), wider than long about 1.3: 1; basal margin of pygofer straight, abruptly curved apically at ventral third, then protruding basally, and curved ventrally; dorsal process of pygofer conelike in lateral view, directed posteriorly, reaching at middle of abdominal segment X; ventral process of pygofer developed in lateral view, shorter than ventral length of pygofer about 1: 1.7; ventral process at widest part narrower than basal width of pygofer about 1: 4.9. Pygofer subquadrate in ventral view (Fig. 6 B), cleft as V-shaped at middle of apical margin, ventral process of pygofer produced bilobed; each lobe triangular, acute at tip, directed mesad. Aedeagus, trapezoidal in lateral view (Fig. 6 E). Genital styles (Figs. 6 C, 6 D), with width of apical part about 0.5 times length (WAGS: LAGS = 1: 2) on outer side, margin prominent except basal third on inner side. Measurements: See Table 2. Holotype: M ale, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, 32km. E. Kodaikanal, 1050m., Sept.. 29. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien; Holotype depository: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). Paratypes: INDIA, 2 females, Mahar., 6km. SW. Mahabaleshwar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI, ZMHB); 1 male, 1 female, Mahar., Kate’s Point, 6km. NE. Mahabaleshar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); 1 male, Mahar., 1km. Kate’s Point, 5km. NE. Mahabaleswhar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); 3 males, 3 females, Mahar., 1334m., Panchgani Tableland, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI, ENCHU, NMNS); 1 female, Karnataka, Nandi Hills, top, Oct. 5. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (NTU); 1 male, Karnataka, Nandi Hills, 1200m., Oct. 5. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); NEPAL, 1 male, Sun Khosi Tai, 2150m, 2, V, [19] 62, leg. G. Ebert (ZSM). Etymology: Named for its external morphology is very similar to the species A. auropilosus (Matsumura, 1907). Distribution: India, Nepal. Remarks: This species is very similar to A. auropilosus in size and external morphology, but is readily distinguished by the male genitalia. This species is much larger than A. arisanus.Published as part of Shih, Hsien-Tzung & Yang, Jeng-Tze, 2007, Revision of the genus Ariptyelus Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 1592 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17858
Supplemental Material - Postauricular Incision Versus Modified Blair Incision in Parotidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSupplemental Material for Postauricular Incision Versus Modified Blair Incision in Parotidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Yu-Ning Tsao, Che-Fang Ho, Li-Jen Hsin, Shih-Wei Yang, Yao-Te Tsai, Ming-Shao Tsai, and Yi-Chan Lee in Surgical Innovation</p
- …
