71,579 research outputs found
Protaenionema Liu and Shih
No full textGenus Protaenionema Liu and Shih, gen. nov. Type species. Protaenionema fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov. Etymology. Named from a combination of the prefix pro- and Taenionema. Species included. Only the type species P. fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Wings of normal length, brown. Lack of additional veinlets on the costal area, crossvein c–r absent; Rs and M both with two branches. Ninth sternite produced, distinctly exceeds the tenth segment, not upturned, and the distal margin rounded, tenth tergite transversely wide, sclerotized. Cerci short, multisegmented. Remarks. In the extant genera, c–r is generally present, absent only in Brachyptera and in the glacialis and contorta group of Oemopteryx (Ricker & Ross 1975). Crossvein c–r is absent in this new genus Protaenionema. It is difficult to distinguish this new genus and extant genus Brachyptera and the glacialis and contorta group of Oemopteryx according to the preserved characters of Protaenionema. Brachyptera has developed extra branches (three to five branches) of CuA and cerci with one or two segments, but these important characters are not preserved clearly in Protaenionema; similarly, the typical features (two prongs) of epiproct of Oemopteryx cannot be observed in Protaenionema. The new extinct genus Protaenionema differs from the extinct Gurvanopteryx and Positopteryx by the opaque, slightly brown wings and by the distinctly produced ninth sternite. It differs from the new Jurataenionema by having an Rs with two branches and the fuscous wings.Published as part of Liu, Yushuang, Sinitshenkova, Dong Ren Nina D. & Shih, Chung Kun, 2007, The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 1521 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17745
Jurahylobittacus astictus Li & Ren & Shih 2008
No full textJurahylobittacus astictus sp nov. (Figs 2A–E, 3C–D) Etymology. This species is named astictus after having no maculae on wings. Material. Holotype CNU-M-NN2007002-1 and CNU-M-NN2007002-2, positive and negative (coll. Shih Chungkun), deposited at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China. Horizon and locality. Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis. Sc-r at about as long as its length before end of Sc; no cross-vein between R 2 and R 1; and no maculae on wings. Description. Lateral view of a complete insect. Rostrum slender; abdomen long and slender, slightly beyond wing tip (Fig. 2 A-C). Wings. Basal part of forewing narrow; gradually broadening from base towards rounded apex; pterostigma slightly dark; sc-r is close to the tip of Sc; M 1+2 dividing far beyond R 4+5; one cross-vein between R 2+3 and R 4; two cross-veins R 4 and R 5; two cross-veins between R 5 and M 1; two cross-veins between M 1 and M 2; two cross-veins between M 2 and M 3; one cross-vein between M 3 and M 4; two cross-veins between CuA and CuP; two cross-veins connecting 1A and 2A; 2A extending almost to level of origin of M; and vein 3A absent (Fig. 2D). Hindwings seem to be identical to the forewings in the venation, but their Sc short, ending distally before the fork of Rs ( Fig. 2E). Abdomen. At least nine visible segments in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Terminal abdominal segments were well preserved, basistyles, aedeagus, cercus and epiandrial lobe visible (Fig. 3 C-D). Body 18 mm long, forewing 12.6 mm long, 3.0 mm wide; hind wing 10.3 mm long, 3.0 mm wide.Published as part of Li, Yan-Li, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China, pp. 38-46 in Zootaxa 1929 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1929.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/523080
Archaulacus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Archaulacus gen. nov. Type species. Archaulacus probus sp. nov. Etymology. From the Greek arch-, meaning “ancient”, and generic name Aulacus. Diagnosis. Head transversely board. Antenna consisting of more than 20 antennomeres. Fore wing with Rs originating far from pterostigma, pterostigma narrow, long, parallel-sided; first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 rrs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m, 2 rm slightly longer and narrower than 3 rm; 2 rm in contact with 1 mcu by a point; cu-a postfurcal. Hind wing with C present. Metasomal long-ovoid with first metasomal segment nearly triangular, ovipositor longer than fore wing. Remarks. We assigned Archaulacus to Praeaulacidae by the following diagnosis: long, polymerous antennae with smooth contours; fore wing with M+Cu forking much close to pterostigma than to wing base, 1 r-rs absent, 2 rm, 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present, 2 A absent; ovipositor long with sheaths more than half length of metasoma. However, the new genus differs from other praeaulacines in fore wing with first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 r-rs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m. Species included. Archaulacus probus sp. nov.Published as part of Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23048
Archaulacus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Archaulacus gen. nov. Type species. Archaulacus probus sp. nov. Etymology. From the Greek arch-, meaning “ancient”, and generic name Aulacus. Diagnosis. Head transversely board. Antenna consisting of more than 20 antennomeres. Fore wing with Rs originating far from pterostigma, pterostigma narrow, long, parallel-sided; first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 rrs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m, 2 rm slightly longer and narrower than 3 rm; 2 rm in contact with 1 mcu by a point; cu-a postfurcal. Hind wing with C present. Metasomal long-ovoid with first metasomal segment nearly triangular, ovipositor longer than fore wing. Remarks. We assigned Archaulacus to Praeaulacidae by the following diagnosis: long, polymerous antennae with smooth contours; fore wing with M+Cu forking much close to pterostigma than to wing base, 1 r-rs absent, 2 rm, 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present, 2 A absent; ovipositor long with sheaths more than half length of metasoma. However, the new genus differs from other praeaulacines in fore wing with first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 r-rs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m. Species included. Archaulacus probus sp. nov.Published as part of Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23048
Protaenionema fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov.
No full textProtaenionema fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov. Figs. 6–7 Etymology. The species name is taken from a combination of the Latin fuscus (meaning dark) and the Latin alatus (meaning winged). Materials. Holotype, sex unknown. CNU, NMDHG 55, a well–preserved body with part of wings. Description. Length of body 17 mm, to tip of wings 21 mm, color dark. Head large, subtriangular, the basal part twice as wide as the distal; antennae shorter than body. Thorax distorted and compressed laterally, structure unclear. Forewing length 16 mm, opaque, fuscous. Vein Sc unites with R at 2 / 3 total wing length. Crossevein c–r absent, Rs oblique at the base, 2 –branched, forked distal to cord. Vein M 2 –branched from middle of wing, its branches nearly twice as long as Rs branches. Crossvein rs–m straight, parallels r–rs, connecting Rs proximal to r–rs, terminating at the proximal 1 / 3 of MA. Crossvein m–cua straight, connecting M stem and CuA stem. Branches of CuA not discernable, only the distal part of first branch of CuA preserved. At least 5 crossveins at the median area. Abdomen with 10 visible segments, almost twice as long as thorax. Every segment is of almost same width except for the last two segments, and three to eight segments are relative longer than first two segments. The ninth sternite produced, greatly exceeding the 10 th segment, its tip not upturned, broadly round; the 10 th tergite short, sclerotized. Cerci short, multisegmented, its segments faint. Legs robust, coxa and trochanter wide, femur short and brawny, nearly twice as wide as tibia, tibia slen- der, tarsi long, half length of tibia, the first segment slightly longer than the second one which is equal to the third segment. Claw short, wide basally.Published as part of Liu, Yushuang, Sinitshenkova, Dong Ren Nina D. & Shih, Chung Kun, 2007, The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 1521 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17745
Ariptyelus subauropilosus Shih and Yang, sp. nov.
No full textAriptyelus subauropilosus Shih and Yang sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6) Coloration: Body light brown, ventral thorax dark brown in each side. Eyes dark brown; antenna brown, 3 rd segment dark brown; vertex yellowish brown, dark brown centrally indistinct, median carina brown, except light brown at base. Frons in dorsal view brown, median carina brown, frons in ventral view with basal part yellowish brown, transverse band dark brown, apical part yellowish brown; gena and base of mouth part brown. Pronotum brown mottled. Mesoscutellum brown, yellow at tip. Tegmen (Fig. 5 C) dark brown, apical half with dark brown marks irregularly; distinctly transverse band at middle, darker on costal margin and lighter on cubital area. Hind leg brown. Structure: Head width: body width: body length= 1: 1.3: 2.8. Head in ventral view rhombus, about 1.8 times wider at base than median length; about 3.4 times wider than long from dorsal aspect. Pronotum wider than median length at widest part about 1.6: 1. Tegmen (Fig. 5 C) subquadrate, anal margin: posterior margin: length of tegmen = 1.0: 1.5: 3.1; LBW: LMW: LT= 1: 2: 2.8. Wings (Fig. 5 D) with 4 apical cells, apical cells with first longer than third 1.4: 1. Wing coupling apparatus with 3 hooks (Fig. 5 F) on basal part of costal margin. Hind tibia with apical spines arranged in 2 rows, upper row with 8 spines, lower one with 9 spines. Male Genitalia: Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 6 A), wider than long about 1.3: 1; basal margin of pygofer straight, abruptly curved apically at ventral third, then protruding basally, and curved ventrally; dorsal process of pygofer conelike in lateral view, directed posteriorly, reaching at middle of abdominal segment X; ventral process of pygofer developed in lateral view, shorter than ventral length of pygofer about 1: 1.7; ventral process at widest part narrower than basal width of pygofer about 1: 4.9. Pygofer subquadrate in ventral view (Fig. 6 B), cleft as V-shaped at middle of apical margin, ventral process of pygofer produced bilobed; each lobe triangular, acute at tip, directed mesad. Aedeagus, trapezoidal in lateral view (Fig. 6 E). Genital styles (Figs. 6 C, 6 D), with width of apical part about 0.5 times length (WAGS: LAGS = 1: 2) on outer side, margin prominent except basal third on inner side. Measurements: See Table 2. Holotype: M ale, INDIA, Tamil Nadu, 32km. E. Kodaikanal, 1050m., Sept.. 29. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien; Holotype depository: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI). Paratypes: INDIA, 2 females, Mahar., 6km. SW. Mahabaleshwar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI, ZMHB); 1 male, 1 female, Mahar., Kate’s Point, 6km. NE. Mahabaleshar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); 1 male, Mahar., 1km. Kate’s Point, 5km. NE. Mahabaleswhar, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); 3 males, 3 females, Mahar., 1334m., Panchgani Tableland, Oct. 19. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI, ENCHU, NMNS); 1 female, Karnataka, Nandi Hills, top, Oct. 5. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (NTU); 1 male, Karnataka, Nandi Hills, 1200m., Oct. 5. 1985, C. W. & L. B. O’Brien (TARI); NEPAL, 1 male, Sun Khosi Tai, 2150m, 2, V, [19] 62, leg. G. Ebert (ZSM). Etymology: Named for its external morphology is very similar to the species A. auropilosus (Matsumura, 1907). Distribution: India, Nepal. Remarks: This species is very similar to A. auropilosus in size and external morphology, but is readily distinguished by the male genitalia. This species is much larger than A. arisanus.Published as part of Shih, Hsien-Tzung & Yang, Jeng-Tze, 2007, Revision of the genus Ariptyelus Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae), pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 1592 on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17858
Geothelphusa cilan Shy & Shih & Mao 2014, sp. nov.
No full textGeothelphusa cilan sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2) Geothelphusa sp. 2 —Shih et al. 2011: 461. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (18.8 x 14.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13617), Cilan, Takejin (= Takazinm) River, the headstream of Danshuei (= Tansui) River, Jianshih, Hsinchu County (near Yilan [= Ilan] County), Taiwan, 24°32’08.7”N; 121°23’09.7”E, elevation of 1950 m, coll. H.- T. Shih & J.-J. Mao, 28 March 2009. Paratypes: 2 ♂♂ (CW 12.4–13.5 mm), 3 ♀♀ (13.8–15.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13430); 2 ♂♂ (10.4–20.6 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13618); 1 ♂ (13.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13619); 5 ♂♂ (15.5–18.9 mm), 13 ♀♀ (14.5–19.3 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13620), same data as holotype. Comparative material. Geothelphusa monticola Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10204), Siaoyako (= Sheauyeakow), Heping (= Hoping), Taichung City, Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 6 Jun. 1992; Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10205), Daguan (= Takuan), Fusing (= Fuhsing), Taoyuan County, Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 1 Nov. 1992. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A–B) swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.7, 2.2 carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin slightly dived into 2 lobes, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with inconspicuous granules. External orbital angle stout, external orbital region concave. Anterolateral margin distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital crista faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome stout. Distance between tip of closed male abdomen, anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 about 1.1 length of thoracic sternites 1, 2 (Fig. 2C). Chelipeds of adult males unequal, fingers of larger chela forming obliquely triangular gape when closed. Ambulatory legs smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines, respectively. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson of male abdomen bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.4 length (Fig. 2C). Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 1A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin with small tubercle, inner proximal margin clearly dilated; terminal segment slightly curving inwards to almost straight (length /width = 2.4); total length of G1 5.5 terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 3.3 maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 1D) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.12 total length. Etymology. The species is named for the type locality, the Cilan Forest, in northern Taiwan. The name is used as a noun in apposition. Coloration. Carapace and ambulatory legs grayish brown, mottled with dark brown spots; chelae orange-red, with dark brown spots; tip and inner edge of fingers white (Fig. 2D–G). Ecological notes. The specimens were collected from the headstream of Danshuei River (Fig. 2H) near the boundary of Hsinchu and Yilan counties, near Yuanyang Lake Nature Reserve, with an altitude about 2000 m. The mean monthly water temperatures were 10.3–14.6°C during April to December, 2012 (mean 12.6°C) for the adjacent Yuanyang Lake, with the same drainage. Remarks. Geothelphusa cilan sp. nov. is similar to G. monticola and G. takuan both of which are present in the adjacent regions. The subterminal segment of the G1 of G. monticola is slightly S-shaped, and those of G. takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. are slightly curved inwards, but G. monticola and G. takuan have a conspicuous tubercle and G. cilan sp. nov. a small tubercle at the outer proximal margin. The terminal segment of the G1 of G. monticola is slender (length/width = 3.3), and those of G. takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. are stouter (length/width = 1.8 and 2.4, respectively). Geothelphusa takuan and G. cilan sp. nov. have shorter distance between the tip of the closed male abdomen and anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 (ratio = 1.0 and 1.1, respectively) than that in G. monticola (ratio = 1.6). DNA analyses and discussion. A 616-658 basepair (bp) segment of the COI was amplified from 9 specimens of G. cilan and 10 specimens of the closely related G. monticola, resulting in 5 different haplotypes (Table 1). The studied segment was AT rich (63.2%) (T, 35.4%; A, 27.8%; G, 16.5%; and C, 20.3%). In this gene, 18 positions were variable and 13 parsimoniously informative. The phylogenetic tree constructed by BI and ML methods (Fig. 3) supports the clade of G. cilan sp. nov., which is a sister species to another montane clade, G. monticola. The pairwise nucleotide divergences for COI with K2P distance is shown in Table 2. The mean interspecific K2P distance of G. cilan is 2.26% with G. monticola, which is 38 or 17 times greater than the mean intraspecific distance of G. cilan (0.06%) or G. monticola (0.13%), respectively (Table 2). The lowest interspecific K2P distance of G. cilan is 2.15% with G. monticola, which is 13 or 4.7 times greater than the largest intraspecific distance of G. cilan (0.16%) or G. monticola (0.46%). The interspecific K2P distance of 2.15% – 2.65% between G.cilan sp. nov. and G. monticola is not high, but still higher than the distance between G. marginata Naruse, Shokita & Shy, 2004 and G. fulva Naruse, Shokita & Shy, 2004 (1.48%–1.99%, Shih et al. 2011); and the distance among G. makatao Shih & Shy, 2009, G. shernshan Chen, Cheng & Shy, 2005, and G. pingtung Tan & Liu, 1998 (1.65%–1.98%, recalculated from Shih & Shy 2009). Although the nearest distance between the localities of G. cilan sp. nov. and G. monticola (see nos. 32 and 27 in fig. 1 of Shih et al. 2011) is only about 13 km, both areas belong to different drainages, the Danshuei and Daja rivers, respectively. Furthermore, several mountains more than 2000 m a.s.l. separated the two areas. Based on the substitution rates of 2.33% per 10 6 yr for COI of terrestrial crabs (see Schubart et al. 1998), the two sister species diverged at 1.0±0.2 million years ago (mya) (with uncorrected p-distance divergences of 2.35%±0.56%), which is quite young allopatric speciation, considering the geological history of Taiwan is about 5 mya (see Shih et al. 2006).Published as part of Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te & Mao, Jean-Jay, 2014, Description of a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae: Geothelphusa) from northern Taiwan, pp. 565-572 in Zootaxa 3869 (5) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/494740
Geothelphusa boreas Shy & Shih & Mao 2021, sp. nov.
No full textGeothelphusa boreas sp. nov. (Figs. 4–5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6DC2B082-D052-49B3-B243-941D38306477 Geothelphusa sp. 1. — Shih et al. 2011: 461. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂ (21.2 × 16.4 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13615), Hapen River, head branch of Danshuei (= Tansui) River, the Fushan Botanical Garden area, New Taipei City (24°45’30”N; 121°34’35”E), elevation of 740 m, coll. H.-T. Shih, 16 Feb. 1994. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂ (15.7 × 12.4–19.0 × 14.7 mm), 2 ♀♀ (15.3 × 12.1, 17.1 × 13.1 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13429), 1 ♂ (16.2 × 13.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0648); same data as holotype. Others: 7 ♂♂ (11.4 × 9.2–15.3 × 12.2 mm), 1 ♀ (16.6 × 12.9 mm) (NCHUZOOL 13616), Dakeng Bridge, Suao, Yilan (24°31’48.3”N; 121°51’13.0”E), elevation of 280 m, coll. Y.-H. Wang et al., 8 Sep. 2010; 2 ♀♀ (15.1 × 10.9, 16.7 × 12.8 mm) (NCHUZOOL 16436), around the lake of Shenmihu, Nan-ao, Yilan (24°22'43.9"N; 121°44'58.7"E), elevation of 1100 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 10 Mar. 2018; 1 ♂ (12.7 × 9.7 mm), 1 ♀ (13.9 × 10.5 mm) (NCHUZOOL 14998), 1 ♀ (13.5 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0649), Tongshan, Nan-ao, Yilan (24°30'15.5"N; 121°37'41.8"E – 24°30'03.5"N; 121°38'10.2"E), elevation of 1735–1880 m, coll. J.-J. Mao, 26 Sep. 2009. Comparative material. Geothelphusa takuan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: see “Material examined” under Geothelphusa takuan; Geothelphusa tali Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994: 1 holotype male (NTOU F10187), Dali (= Tali), Yilan Co., Taiwan, coll. J.-Y. Shy & W.-L. Tsay, 4 Apr. 1993. Diagnosis. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment. Description. Carapace (Fig. 2A, B) swollen longitudinally, transversely; dorsal surface smooth, glabrous, with fine pits. Carapace length, width 1.7-, 2.3-times carapace height, respectively. Frontal margin slightly dived into 2 lobes, without tooth. Postorbital cristae distinct, supraorbital margin smooth, without granules; infraorbital margin smooth to almost smooth, lined with inconspicuous granules. External orbital angles stout, external orbital regions concave. Anterolateral margins distinct, lined with inconspicuous granules, without epibranchial tooth. Postorbital cristae faint, smooth. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions smooth. H-shaped groove distinct. Tip of medium lobe of epistome stout. Distance between tip of sternopleonal cavity (Fig. 2C) and anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 about 2.2 times length of thoracic sternites 1 and 2. Chelipeds (Fig. 2A, B) of adult male unequal, fingers of larger chela forming obliquely triangular gape when closed. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 2A, C) smooth, dorsal, ventral margins of dactyli with 2 rows of small spines, respectively. Second leg about 1.8 carapace length. Telson bell-shaped, moderately short, width about 1.5 length. Subterminal segment of G1 (Fig. 3A–C) curving inwards, outer proximal margin without tooth in most specimen, some smaller specimen (<13.8 mm) with low tooth, inner proximal margin slightly dilated; terminal segment slightly curving outwards to almost straight; total length of G1 5.8 times terminal segment; length of synovial membrane about 4.6 times maximum width. Outer proximal margin of basal segment of G2 (Fig. 3D) dilated, showing a single lobe; distal segment short, about 0.16 times total length. Etymology. The species is derived from the Greek “ boreas ” (for north), alluding to the northernmost distribution of this species in the Central Range. Ecological notes. The specimens were collected from the montane area with an elevation of 740 m (the Fushan Botanical Garden area) to 1100 m (Shenmihu) and about 1800 m (Tonghsan), but also extended to the coastal cliff area of Suao (elevation of 280 m) (Fig. 1). The distributional range of this species covers an area of 45 km (from Fushan to Shenmihu; Fig. 1). There was running water in most habitats (Fig. 2D–F), but some crabs were more semiterrestrial, hiding under fallen leaves with only some seepage in Tongshan (Fig. 2G, H). Other species sympatric with this species include members of the G. eucrinodonta species complex, G. tali and G. ilan Shy, Ng & Yu, 1994 in Fushan area (Shih et al. 2010). In the higher altitude (Tongshan and Shenmihu), the habitats of the new species are near the Fagus hayatae (Taiwan beech) forest (Fig. 2E–H), with the mean (and standard deviation) water temperature 17.66 ± 2.12 oC (April 2018) and 23.25 ± 1.78 oC (May to September 2018), pH 7.4 ± 0.3 (April to October 2018) and dissolved oxygen 8.7 ± 0.9 mg /L (April to October 2018) in Shenmihu (Fig. 2F). Remarks. Geothelphusa boreas sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to G. takuan and G. tali which occurs in adjacent regions in northern Taiwan. The G1 structures remain the best way to separate them. The subterminal segment of the G1 of G. tali is straight (Shy et al. 2020: fig. 124), while those of present new species and G. takuan are distinctly curved inwards (Figs. 3, 4A, B; Shy et al. 2020: fig. 121). In addition, the G1 subterminal segment in G. takuan has a distinct tooth on the outer proximal margin (Fig. 4A), while in G. boreas, there is usually no tooth present on the structure (or at most with a faint knob in some small individuals) (Fig. 3A). The distance between the tip of the sternopleonal cavity and the anterior margin of thoracic sternite 3 in G. takuan and G. tali being 1.0 times and 1.2 times the length of sternites 1 and 2, respectively, which are shorter than the ratio 2.2 times in G. boreas.Published as part of Shy, Jhy-Yun, Shih, Hsi-Te & Mao, Jean-Jay, 2021, Geothelphusa boreas, a new montane freshwater crab (Crustacea: Potamidae Geothelphusa) from northeastern Taiwan, and the identity of G. hirsuta Tan & Liu, 1998, pp. 93-104 in Zootaxa 5060 (1) on pages 96-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/560677
- …
