3,004 research outputs found
Performances of the HL (Hyperloop) transport system
No full textThis paper deals with an analysis of performances of the HL (Hyperloop) transport system considered as an advanced transport alternative to the existing APT (Air Passenger Transport) and HSR (High Speed Rail) systems. The considered performances are operational, financial, social and environmental. The operational performance include capacity and quality of service provided to the system’s users-passengers with attributes such as door-to-door travel time consisting of the access and egress time, schedule delay, in-vehicle time, and interchange time. The economic performances embrace the costs and revenues of operating the system. The costs include that for infrastructure, vehicles, traffic management facilities and equipment, and employees. The revenues embrace earnings from pricing users/passengers. The environmental performances include energy consumption and related emissions of GHGs (Green House Gases), and land use. The social performances are considered to be noise and safety. The analytical models of indicators of these performances are developed and applied to the scenario of operating the HL system on the short- to medium-haul travel distances/routes. These are then compared to the corresponding performances of the HSR and APT. This comparison has shown that the HL system may possess some advantages but also disadvantages regarding particular performances.Transport and PlanningOLD Urban and Regional Developmen
Analysis and modelling of performances of the HL (Hyperloop) transport system
No full textIntroduction: Hyperloop (HL) is presented as an efficient alternative of HSR (High Speed Rail) and APT (Air Passenger Transport) systems for long-distance passenger transport. This paper explores the performances of HL and compares these performances to HSR and APT. Methods: The following performances of the HL system are analytically modeled and compared to HSR and APT: (i) operational performance; (ii) financial performance; (iii) social/environmental performance. Results: The main operational result is that the capacity of HL is low which implies a low utilization of the infrastructure. Because the infrastructure costs dominate the total costs, the costs per passenger km are high compared to those for HSR and APT. The HL performs very well regarding the social/environmental aspects because of low energy use, no GHG emissions and hardly any noise. The safety performance needs further consideration. Conclusions: The HL system is promising for relieving the environmental pressure of long-distance travelling, but has disadvantages regarding the operational and financial performances.Transport and PlanningOLD Urban and Regional Developmen
Interaction between consecutive sonications for characterizing the thermal mechanism in focused ultrasound therapy
No full textAssociation of polyethylene friction and thermal unfolding of interfacial albumin molecules
No full textDistributed multimedia databases
No full textDistributed Multimedia Databases: Techniques and Applications points out these challenges and provides valuable suggestions toward the necessary solutions, by ..
Studies on the HL--A antigens Distributions among Normal Korean Population and Gastric Cancer Patients
No full textEven though the HL-A antigens as the major
histocompatibility antigens have been contributing
an important role in the immunological aspect of the
clinical transplantation. and recently considerable
attentions are focusing on the possible association
of various disease or malignant disease with the
certain HL-A specifities, any datas for the distribution
of the HL-A antigens in Korean population and
the HL-A serotyping for the kidney transplant is
not available at present time.
This present report is a studies on the HL-A
antigens distribution among 155 normal Korean
population and 76 gastric cancer patients with the
method of Boyum's lymphocyte isolation technic
with Ficoll and Isopaque mixture and the method
of Terasaki's microlymphocytotoxicity test with 29
NIH standard antisera for 16 HL-A specificities at
Seoul National University Hospital.
The results are as following;
1. The HL-A antigens are rather evenly distributed
throughout the first and second series in both normal
Koreans and gastric cancer patient which is a good
evidence of diversity in the polymorphism of HL-A
antigens.
2. The most frequent HL-A antigens are HL-A 2,13.12 and 10 in normal control group. and HL-A
10.5.2 and 13 in gastric cancer patient. HL-A 9 is
rather infrequent compared to other Oriental populations,
and HL-A 1 which has heen recognized to be
absent from Orientals occurs 17.4%.
3. It is interesting findings that in gastric cancer
group HL~A 10 from first sublocus and 5 from second
sublocus are markedly increased than normal control
group and HL-A 11 from first sublocus and 12 from
second sublocus are markedly decreased than normal
control group. The author strongly feels that
. additional study to confirm the above findings
should be done.
4. There is a relatively large proportion of blank
alleles: 24% (first series) and 15% (second series) in
normal control group, and 22% (first series) and
15% (second series) in gastric cancer group, which
seems to be related to the limited number of antisera
and the limited number of serum panels used in this
study, and related to the probable existence of
unknown specifities in OUf native Korean population
Sawtooth-driven neoclassical tearing modes in HL-2A plasmas
No full textNeoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) of m = 2, n = 1 induced by sawtooth crashes in tokamak plasmas are studied based on the results of HL-2A tokamak experiments. A model of sawtooth-driven Delta' for NTMs due to the toroidal coupling effect is proposed and applied to the observed growth of 2/1 islands with the sawtooth oscillation observed in the HL-2A experiment. The neoclassical tearing island growth is calculated based on the model and the result is found to be in good agreement with experimental data.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000312579500002&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, Fluids & PlasmasPhysics, NuclearSCI(E)EI4ARTICLE12null5
Mesoscopic counterpart of a hyperchaos
No full textThe effect of intrinsic fluctuations was analyzed on hyperchaos having positive Lyapunov exponents using Stochastic simulations. Individual simulations of the Markov processes were derived from the deterministic hyperchaos. The chemical master equation was examined to determine the effect of intrinsic fluctuations on hyperchaos. The individual simulations were found in close accordance with the deterministic hyperchaos.Physics, Atomic, Molecular & ChemicalSCI(E)EI1ARTICLE115099-510111
Cavitation-enhanced ultrasound thermal therapy by combined low- and high-frequency ultrasound exposure
No full text[[abstract]]This paper demonstrates a novel approach for enhancing ultrasound-induced heating by the introduction of acoustic cavitation using simultaneous sonication with low- and high-frequency ultrasound. A spherical focused transducer (566 or 1155 kHz) was used to generate the thermal lesions, and a low-frequency planar transducer (40 or 28 kHz) was used to enhance the bubble activity. Ex vivo fresh porcine muscles were used as the target of ultrasound ablation. The emitted signals and the signals backscattered from the bubble activity were also recorded during the heating process by a PVDF-type needle hydrophone, and thermocouples were inserted to measure temperatures. Compared with the lesions formed by a single focused transducer, the size of the lesions generated by this approach were as much as 140% larger along the axial direction and 200% larger along the radial direction for combined 566- and 40-kHz sonication. They were 47% and 66 % larger along the axial and radial directions, respectively, for combined 1155- and 28-kHz sonication. Cavitation activities enhanced by low-frequency ultrasound were confirmed by the presence of subharmonics in the spectrum and temperature increase as a result of increased tissue absorption. These observations imply that cavitation-enhanced lesions can be generated without reducing the penetration ability; they also show the advantage of producing larger and more uniform thermal lesions by multiple sonications. This technique provides an easy and effective way to achieve cavitation-enhanced heating, and may be useful for generating large and deep-seated thermal lesions. (E-mail: [email protected]) (c) 2006 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
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