110,500 research outputs found
Reply to "The value of tax shields is equal to the present value of tax shields"
No full textIn a recent paper, Cooper and Nyborg (2004) argue that the results of Fernández (2004) are wrong because value-additivity is violated and because "Fernández paper comes from mixing the Miles-Ezzell leverage policy with the Miller-Modigliani leverage adjustment." Cooper and Nyborg's paper is thought-provoking and helps a lot in rethinking the value of tax shields. However, their conclusions are not correct because, as will be proven below, the main result of Fernández (2004) is correct for several situations. An evident error of Cooper and Nyborg (2004) is that their formulae (4), (6), (8) and (11), which they attribute to Miles and Ezzell (1980), correspond to Harris and Pringle (1985) and Ruback (2002). In addition, their formulae (3) and (5) are not general: they are valid only for perpetuities without growth. In this paper I also show that the value of tax shields depends only upon the nature of the stochastic process of the net increase of debt.Value of tax shields; Present value of the net increases of debt; unlevered beta; levered beta; leverage cost;
Telegram from Shields Johnson to Amon G. Carter, Jr.
No full textTelegram from Shields Johnson, Vice President and General Manager of Times Word Corporation, to Amon G. Carter, Jr. upon the death of Amon Giles Carter. The telegram expresses condolences and sympathy about his death.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_meachamcarterpapers/1201/thumbnail.jp
Letter, James Shields to T. [A.?] Cherry, August 20, 1859
No full textThis handwritten letter, dated August 20, 1859 is from James Shields to T. [A.?} Cherry. The script is difficult to read but mentions that he is hardly ever at home, and compares Minnesota to Washington in some way. The paper is discolored in several places. This note was found tipped into volume one of Abraham Lincoln : A History by John G. Nicolay and John Hay.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-nicolay-and-hay-documents/1003/thumbnail.jp
Computational identification and analysis of protein short linear motifs
No full textShort linear motifs (SLiMs) in proteins can act as targets for proteolytic cleavage, sites of post-translational modification, determinants of sub-cellular localization, and mediators of protein-protein interactions. Computational discovery of SLiMs involves assembling a group of proteins postulated to share a potential motif, masking out residues less likely to contain such a motif, down-weighting shared motifs arising through common evolutionary descent, and calculation of statistical probabilities allowing for the multiple testing of all possible motifs. Much of the challenge for motif discovery lies in the assembly and masking of datasets of proteins likely to share motifs, since the motifs are typically short (between 3 and 10 amino acids in length), so that potential signals can be easily swamped by the noise of stochastically recurring motifs. Focusing on disordered regions of proteins, where SLiMs are predominantly found, and masking out non-conserved residues can reduce the level of noise but more work is required to improve the quality of high-throughput experimental datasets (e.g. of physical protein interactions) as input for computational discovery
Iris metastasis from systemic cancer in 104 patients: the 2014 Jerry A. Shields Lecture
No full textPurpose: To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of patients with iris metastasis.Methods: Retrospective case series of 160 tumors in 107 eyes of 104 patients with iris metastasis from systemic cancer.Results: The median age at presentation with iris metastasis was 60 years. Iris metastasis was more common in whites (n = 93, 89%) and women (n = 65, 62%). The primary tumor was located in the breast (n = 34, 33%), lung (n = 28, 27%), skin (melanoma) (n = 13, 12%), kidney (n = 7, 7%), esophagus (n = 3, 3%), and others (n = 19, 19%). The main symptoms were pain (n = 33, 32%) or blurred vision (n = 31, 30%). The main findings were corectopia (n = 38, 37%) and secondary glaucoma (n = 38, 37%). The metastasis was unifocal (n = 84, 78%) or multifocal (n = 23, 21%) for a total of 160 tumors. The main tumor was centered at the iris root (n = 72, 69%), midzone (n = 22, 21%), or pupillary margin (n = 10, 10%), with median tumor diameter of 5 mm. Coexistent conjunctival or ciliary body/choroidal metastases were found in 39 patients. Management of iris metastasis included systemic chemotherapy (n = 18, 22%), external beam radiotherapy (n = 34, 41%), plaque radiotherapy (n = 20, 24%), surgical excision (n = 4, 5%), enucleation (n = 3, 4%), or observation (n = 4, 5%). Following treatment, tumor control without recurrence was achieved in 95% cases. In 98 cases with adequate follow-up information, death occurred in 85 (87%) at median 10 months (range, <1-239 months) from the date of iris metastasis.Conclusions: Metastatic tumors to the iris generally originate from primary malignancies in the breast, lung, or skin (melanoma). Despite successful ocular treatment, life prognosis is poor
[Shields]
No full text[No annotations]Two three-dimensional plaques displaying two shields each. The shields on the upper plaque have a star (left) and a star and cross (right). The lower plaque has fleurs-de-lis (left) and crosses (right). Print, collotype
Portrait, Brigadier General James Shields
No full textThis is a portrait of Brigadier General James Shields, seated and facing angled to the right. Shields is wearing a dark, double breasted uniform and is blurred around the edges. Photo by Brady and Eng. By J. C. Buttre is beneath the portrait and the caption reads Brig. Gen. James Shields with a signature above it. The illustration is within volume one of Abraham Lincoln : A History by John G. Nicolay and John Hay.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-nicolay-and-hay-images/1019/thumbnail.jp
Chemostratigraphy and the Neoproterozoic glaciations
No full textAlso published as a book chapter: The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations, 2011 / E. Arnaud, G. P. Halverson and G. Shields-Zhou (eds.), Ch.4 pp. 51-66Although the pre-glacial Proterozoic isotopic record is poorly constrained, it is apparent that the chemical and isotopic composition of the oceans began to change during the early to mid-Neoproterozoic and experienced considerable fluctuations alongside climatic instability during much of the subsequent Cryogenian and Ediacaran periods. The earliest known large negative δ13C excursion appears to post-date 811 Ma and fluctuations became progressively more extreme, culminating in the late-Ediacaran ‘Shuram–Wonoka’ anomaly. The negative excursions are commonly associated with pre-glacial and post-glacial times, while extremely high δ13C values are characteristic of strata between glaciations. The precise causal mechanism for these excursions is subject to debate. Seawater 87Sr/86Sr rose during the Neoproterozoic, with abrupt increases following deglaciation consistent with enhanced weathering rates. Reported marine sulphate and pyrite δ34S data exhibit marked variation through this interval, although the changes are not always consistent within or between sedimentary successions of equivalent age. Iron-speciation studies indicate that much of this variation was caused by fluctuating and low sulphate concentrations in seawater, which at times led to the build-up of ferruginous conditions in the ocean. The application of chemostratigraphy to understanding and correlating the Neoproterozoic glaciations evokes considerable controversy, and many questions persist regarding the reliability and calibration of the δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr and δ34S record. Nevertheless, the individual glaciations appear to be characterized by distinct combined chemostratigraphic signatures, in large part due to the generally increasing strontium isotope composition of seawater through the Neoproterozoic Era.Galen P. Halverson, and Graham Shields-Zho
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Solid-state photonic interfaces using semiconductor quantum dots
No full textNew technologies based on the properties of quantum mechanics promise
to revolutionise the way information is processed by outperforming what is
possible using classical devices. Examples include massively parallel processing
using quantum computers, verifiably secure communication using quantum
cryptography, and measurement with sensitivity beyond classical limitation
with quantum metrology. Realising the full potential of these technologies
necessitates the ability to communicate quantum information over large
distances, a key requirement for future quantum networks. However, developing
practical implementations of long-distance quantum communication
is challenging as it necessitates three major ingredients: light-matter interfaces,
elementary quantum operations, and quantum memories. This thesis
describes work that has been undertaken to address these requirements using
semiconductor nanotechnology.
We have first demonstrated that single InAs quantum dots embedded inside
conventional diode structures constitute high-fidelity controllable interfaces
between optical qubits and solid-state qubits. Indeed, the polarisation
state of a photon was transferred into the spin state of an electron-hole pair
and eventually restored through radiative recombination of the electron and
the hole with a fidelity up to 95%. Moreover, spins were manipulated using
subnanosecond modulation of a vertical electric field applied to the quantum
dots. By controlling this electrical modulation, we demonstrated elementary
phase-shift and spin-flip gate operations with near-unity fidelities.
An electron-hole pair confi ned in a single quantum dot has a short radiative
lifetime limiting therefore its use as an excitonic quantum memory.
The solution we proposed was to use a quantum dot molecule to control the
spatial separation of the electron and the hole and therefore prevent their
recombination. Comprehensive studies of electric field eff ects upon the photoluminescence
of quantum dot molecules lead to a clear understanding and
a good control over their physical properties. Single photons were stored in
individual quantum dot molecules up to 1μs and read out on a subnanosecond time scale. Moreover, the circular polarisation of individual photons was
transferred into the spin state of electron-hole pairs with a fidelity above
90%, which does not degrade for storage times up to the 12.5 ns repetition
period of the experiment.
Our work on single quantum dots could be extended in the near future to
allow for two-qubits quantum operations by con fining a second electron-hole
pair to be electrically manipulated. Storage of a superposition of spin states
in a quantum dot molecule should also be possible if the spin states are made
degenerate, which is feasible using the electric fi eld dependence of the energy
splitting between the spin states discussed in this thesis. We believe that
combining both approaches will lead to the development of a controllable
multi-qubit quantum memory for polarised light, a building block for long distance
quantum communication based on semiconductor nanotechnology
Illustration, Brigadier General James Shields
No full textThis is an illustration of Brigadier General James Shields standing in uniform and holding a sword. Brig. Gen. James Shields is captioned beneath the illustration. The illustration is within volume one of Abraham Lincoln : A History by John G. Nicolay and John Hay.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-nicolay-and-hay-images/1020/thumbnail.jp
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