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Adelencyrtus brachycaudae Xu & Shi
No full text5. Adelencyrtus brachycaudae Xu & Shi (Figs 20−25) Adelencyrtus brachycaudae Xu and Shi, 1999: 202, 206. Holotype Ψ (HNAU, examined), China. Adelencyrtus brachycaudae; Zhang & Huang, 2004: 22; Xu & Huang, 2004: 35. Description. Female. Body length 1.1−1.4 mm. Body dark brown with green or blue sheen; antenna (Fig. 20) generally dark or dark brown with F 6 yellowish and sometimes F 5 ventrally yellowish; fore wing (Fig. 21) distinctly infuscate, with two hyaline spots beyond stigmal vein; fore leg dark brown except apices of femur and tibia marked with yellow; mid leg yellow except coxae entirely, femur subapically, and tibia subbasally marked with dark brown (Fig. 23); hind leg yellow except coxa entirely, femur largely, median 1 / 3 of tibia, and apical tarsomere dark brown (Fig. 24). Head. Frontovertex about 1 / 4 head width; ocelli arranged in an angle of about 45 º; posterior ocelli touching inner eye margin, and separated from occipital margin by about 3 × its own diameter; antennal scape about 4 × as long as broad; F 1 −F 4 transverse and subequal in size, F 5 and F 6 subquadrate; clava about as long as funicle; mandible quadridentate. Thorax. Fore wing about 2.5 × as long as broad; marginal vein about 3 × as long as broad; stigmal vein about 2 / 3 as long as marginal vein; postmarginal vein about as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 21). Gaster. Ovipositor sheaths (Fig. 25) slightly exserted, by about 1 / 7 gaster length. Relative measurements. MT 48, OL 66, GL 16. Male. Similar to female except for antennae and genitalia; antenna with scape yellowish, the rest dark yellowish-brown; wings hyaline (Xu & Shi 1999). Host. Unidentified diaspidid on Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) (Xu & Shi 1999). Distribution. China (Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan). Type material examined. CHINA: Hunan, Changsha, 14.v. 1989, ex. Diaspididae, coll. G. Xu (holotype Ψ, allotype ɗ, and 5 ΨΨ paratypes, HNAU). Non-type material examined. CHINA: Hainan, Danzhou, Nada, 18.iv. 2005 (1 Ψ), 16.v. 2007 (1 Ψ), coll. Y.Z. Zhang; Diaoluo Mt., 6.v. 2007, coll. Y.Z. Zhang (1 Ψ). Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 13.xi. 2002, coll. W.Q. Zhen (1 Ψ); Xishuangbanna, 6.viii. 2007, coll. G. Zheng (5 ΨΨ). Comments. Adelencyrtus brachycaudae is very similar to A. inglisiae Compere & Annecke from South Africa in general coloration. The latter species is also very close to A. depressus (Risbec) from Madagascar (Noyes & Prinsloo 1998). Additional study is needed to determine whether these three names represent distinct species or are synonyms.Published as part of Zhang, Yan-Zhou & Shi, Zhen-Ya, 2010, The species of Adelencyrtus Ashmead and Epitetracnemus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2605 on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19766
Adelencyrtus chinensis Xu & Shi
No full text6. Adelencyrtus chinensis Xu & Shi (Figs 26−31) Adelencyrtus chinensis Xu and Shi, 1999: 202 −203, 206. Holotype Ψ (HNAU, examined), China. Adelencyrtus chinensis; Zhang & Huang, 2004: 22; Xu & Huang, 2004: 36. Description. Female. Body length 1.0− 1.6 mm. Body dark brown with greenish-blue sheen; antenna generally dark or dark brown with F 1−4 dark brownish, F 5 and F 6 yellowish; fore wing (Fig. 27) distinctly infuscate, with two hyaline spots beyond stigmal vein; basal cell with setae along submarginal vein translucent, thus forming a hyaline strip below submarginal vein; fore leg yellowish except tibia marked with dark brown (Fig. 28); mid leg yellowish except coxa, subapical part of femur, and tibia subbasally marked with dark brown (Fig. 29); hind leg yellow except coxa, nearly entire femur, and tibia subbasally dark brown (Fig. 30). Head. Frontoverex about 1 / 5 head width; ocelli arranged in an angle of about 45 º; posterior ocelli touching inner eye margin, and separated from occipital margin by about 3 × its own diameter; antennal scape slightly dilated, about 4 × as long as broad; F 1 −F 4 transverse and subequal in size, F 5 and F 6 subquadrate but often slightly longer than broad (Fig. 26); mandible quadridentate. Thorax. Fore wing about 2.6 × as long as broad; marginal vein about 3 × as long as broad; postmarginal vein about half as long as marginal vein; stigmal vein a little longer than postmarginal vein (Fig. 27). Gaster. Ovipositor sheaths (Fig. 31) slightly exserted, by about 1 / 7 gaster length. Relative measurements. MT 52, OL 80, GL 22. Male. Unknown. Host. Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) (Xu & Shi 1999). Distribution. China (Hunan, Guangxi). Type material examined. CHINA: Hunan, Yongshun, ex. Unaspis yanonensis on Citrus, x. 1989, coll. F.Z. Li (holotype Ψ and 5 ΨΨ paratypes, HNAU). Non-type material examined. CHINA: Guangxi, Guilin, ex. Unaspis yanonensis on Citrus, 21.vi − 15.viii. 1979 (5 ΨΨ). Comments. Adelencyrtus chinensis can be separated from A. orientalis and A. brachycaudae by the characters given in the key. More over, as noted in the original description of A. chinensis, the basal cell of the fore wing has the setae along the submarginal vein translucent so as to form a hyaline strip below the submarginal vein.Published as part of Zhang, Yan-Zhou & Shi, Zhen-Ya, 2010, The species of Adelencyrtus Ashmead and Epitetracnemus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2605 on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19766
Apotrechus bilobus Guo & Shi 2012
No full text1. Apotrechus bilobus Guo & Shi, 2012 (Fig. 1) Apotrechus bilobus Guo & Shi, 2012, Zootaxa, 3177: 53. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Anhui). view, F. ventro-lateral view; G, L. subgenital plate in ventral view; A–G. male, holotype; H–L. female, paratype. 2. Apotrechus digitatus Liu & Bi, 2008 (Fig. 2) Apotrechus digitatus, Liu & Bi, 2008, Entomotaxonomia, 30 (1): 12; Guo & Shi, 2012, Zootaxa, 3177: 53. Distribution. China (Guizhou).Published as part of Bian, Xun, Wang, Shuai-Yu & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2014, One new species of the Genus Apotrechus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae), with provided morphological photographs for five Chinese species, pp. 379-386 in Zootaxa 3884 (4) on pages 380-381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/25008
Mirollia lanceolata Shi & Wang 2005
No full text15. Mirollia lanceolata Shi & Wang, 2005 (Figures 2 H, 6 D–F, 10 Q) Mirollia lanceolata Shi & Wang 2005, In: Yang, M.F. & Jin, D.C. (Eds.) Insects of Dashahe in Guizhou Province: 75. Material examined. Holotype, male, Dashahe, Daozhen, Guizhou, 19 Aug. 2004, coll. Fu-Ming Shi. Redescription. Male. Stridulatory area of left tegmen long oval, 3.4 mm long, 1.9 mm wide (Fig. 10 Q). Cerci short, not reaching apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 6 D); strongly incurved in apical third; apex with a minute apical spine (Fig. 6 F). Phallus with two pairs of sclerites: lateral sclerites long, basal part thick, distal part lanceolate; medial sclerites bilobate, rather small, dorsal lobe denticulate on top. Subgenital plate strongly curved upwards before middle; basal part broad, medial area narrow and apical part slightly widened, posterior margin longitudinally split into two wide lobes (Fig. 6 E). Measurements (mm). Male. Body: 15.0; body with wings: 32.5; pronotum: 4.0; tegmen length: 24.0; tegmen width: 4.5; hind wing: 28.5; profemur: 4.2; mesofemur: 6.3; postfemur: 13.0. Distribution. China (Guizhou).Published as part of Wang, Gang, Wang, Hai-Jian & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2015, Remarks of the genus Mirollia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 307-333 in Zootaxa 4021 (2) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23579
A Relational Theory of Authorship
No full textOver the years we have heard the debate as to whether authorship emanates solely from the individual or from the cultural context in which they inhabit. Writers such as Professors Woodmansee, Jaszi and Cohen have asserted a cultural theory of authorship. On one hand, there is the liberal philosophy of autonomous creativity evidenced in the notion of a "romantic author" (after the period known as romanticism). On the other hand we have more of a communitarian notion – that the author acts in a cultural context and authorship to some extent must be linked back to the social existence within which the author is situated.\ud
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This article argues that for too long we have privileged the notion of the romantic author so much so that it is hard to argue for any other approach to copyright than one that focuses primarily on the author and their assignees such as publishers or associated commercialising agents such as recording companies. Furthermore it suggests that this approach fits awkwardly with the burgeoning networked society fuelled by the Internet to the point where it threatens innovation and the potential for productivity. To this end the article argues that we should more explicitly acknowledge the contribution of culture to authorship and more so the role of each and every individual in assisting and nurturing that authorship, as well as the contribution of users to creativity through consumptive, productive and transformative use of copyright works
Molecular cloning and evolution of metallothionein gene in squamates (Reptilia, Squamata)
No full text6° Congresso Nazionale SHI (Societas Herpetologica Italica
Mirollia bispina Shi, Chang & Chen 2005
No full text13. Mirollia bispina Shi, Chang & Chen, 2005 (Figures 1 G, 3 F, 5 A–B, 9 A–B, 11 F) Mirollia bispina Shi, Chang & Chen 2005, Acta Entomol. Sin. 48 (6): 956, 959; Kang, Liu & Liu 2014, Fauna Sin. 57: 332. Material examined. Holotype, male, Libo, Guizhou, 22 Aug. 2000, coll. Fu-Ming Shi. Paratypes, 6 males and 2 females, 21–24 Aug. 2000, coll. Fu-Ming Shi, 1 male, 23 Oct. 1998, coll. Hui-Ming Chen, locality as the holotype. Other specimens: 1 male, Libo, Guizhou, 2 Oct. 2008, coll. Zai-Hua Yang; 4 males and 1 female, Longhushan, Shaowu, Fujian, 14 Aug. 2014, coll. Gang Wang. Redescription. Male. Stridulatory area of left tegmen oval, 3.24 mm long, 2.14 mm wide (Fig. 9 A); stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen curved, 1.54 mm long; teeth faint in basal fifth; with 173–192 teeth (Figs. 3 F, 11 F); mirror oval, 3.4 mm long, 2.08 mm wide(Fig. 9 B). Cerci long, reaching apex of subgenital plate (Fig. 5 A); baso-interal side expanded; strongly curved inwards in apical third, and then curled upwards slightly; apex with a wide, slightly curved, sclerotized tooth. Phallus with two pairs of sclerites: lateral sclerites slightly long, basal part wide and posteriorly tapering, a spine curved downwards in medial area, apex with a subapical spine or not; medial sclerites small, papilioform, several teeth on dorsal margin. Subgenital plate curved dorsally before middle; basal part broad, medial area narrow and apical part slightly widened, posterior margin longitudinally split into two wide lobes (Fig. 5 B). Measurements (mm). Body: male 14.0–17.0, female 12.0–14.0; body with wings: male 32.0–34.0, female 31.0–32.0; pronotum: male 3.5–4.5, female 4.0; tegmen length: male 23.5 –25.0, female 25.0; tegmen width: male 4.7, female 4.7; hind wing: male 28.3 –29.0, female 28.0; profemur: male 4.5, female 4.5; mesofemur: male 6.0, female 6.2; postfemur: male 12.0–13.0, female 12.0–13.0; ovipositor 6.0. Distribution. China (Guizhou, Fujian).Published as part of Wang, Gang, Wang, Hai-Jian & Shi, Fu-Ming, 2015, Remarks of the genus Mirollia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China, pp. 307-333 in Zootaxa 4021 (2) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23579
Eugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 8, Map 1) Male. Size medium, form slender. Fastigium verticis about 1.6 times as wide as scape, lateral margins not raised. Scape as long as pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined; pedicel as long as first segment of flagellum. Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; median ocellus subcircular, better defined than lateral ocelli (Fig. 8 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin almost straight, 2 low callouses present on each side laterally; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin truncate (Fig. 8 B–C). Hind femora with 4–5 inner and 5–7 outer ventral spines; hind tibiae with 7 inner and 6 outer spines on dorsal surface, subapices of ventral surface with 1 inner spine. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora, reaching the basal one-thirds area of hind tibiae; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook on ventral surface, directing upwards and inwards (Fig. 8 F). Cerci longer, cylindrical, the apical half slightly curved upwards (Fig. 8 D). Anterior margin of subgenital plate almost straight, posterior margin with 1 shallower triangular concavity, the lateral lobes as long as styli, the distance between them narrower (Fig. 8 E–F), its apices strongly curved ventrad. Styli conical, slightly curved inwards, its apices obtuse, located on lateral margins of subgenital plate near apex (Fig. 8 E). Female. This species is known only from male. Coloration. Yellowish green. Eyes brown. Ocelli yellow. Spines of hind legs with apices black. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 34.0; BL: ♂ 24.1; PL: ♂ 7.0; TL: ♂ 26.2; HF: ♂ 17.5. Material examined. Holotype: male, Fanjingshan, Guizhou, 2 August, 2002, coll. by Shi Fuming. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Remarks. This species may be related to Eugryllacris lobulis Bian & Shi sp. nov. based on the general shape of male subgenital plate, but differs from the latter by: body slender; the distance of between lateral lobes of male subgenital plate narrower, apex of the lateral lobes obtusely rounded and strongly curved ventrad. Etymology. Named after the type locality.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 449-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
CIVIL JURISDICTION, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE INTERNET
No full textAt the core of the civil litigation system is the notion of jurisdiction. In a narrow sense it refers to whether a court has the authority to hear a case in relation to specific people and activities (subject matter) but in a broader sense it also encompasses what law should be applied (choice of law), whether the court is a suitable court to hear the case (choice of court) and the enforcement of judgements. The notion of jurisdiction provides a tool for efficiently managing litigation and traditionally has been based upon notions of connection to a particular territory. In the global transnational world of the Internet the concept of jurisdiction has struggled to find a sensible meaning.1 Does jurisdiction lie everywhere that the Internet runs or is it more narrowly defined? In this chapter we examine recent cases concerning jurisdiction and the Internet before the courts of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in matters relating to intellectual property. We also consider decisions in Australia and the United States of America (US) and international developments in the area
Complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus from China
No full textCitation: Zhang, B., Mi, S., Bao, F., Guo, H., Tu, C., Shi, J., & Gong, W. (2017). Complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus from China. Genome Announcements, 5(14). doi:10.1128/genomeA.00127-17The complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), GD317/2011, was determined. Notably, GD317/2011 is distant from the sub-subgenotype 2.1b isolate HEBZ at genes of Erns, E1, E2, P7, NS2, NS5A and the 3=-nontranslated region (3=-NTR) but is closely related to that at genes of Npro, Core, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5B. © 2017 Zhang et al
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