5,889 research outputs found
Martial arts fiction : translational migrations east and west
No full textThis thesis was motivated by Robert Chard's puzzlement over the translational
phenomenon of martial arts fiction in the West. It proposes to address how the
translational migration of martial arts fiction took place, first to other Asian countries in the
1920's, but to the West only after a lapse of a few decades beginning in the early 1990's.
Adopting a descriptive approach as described by Gideon Toury, the thesis is intended to
add further to the limited inventory of case studies in urgent demand to test the polysystem
theory propounded by Even-Zohar.
The thesis is made up of two parts. Part I is a macro-level study of martial arts fiction,
intended to contribute to testing the limits of the polysystem theory. After examining
Chinese fiction as a low form in the Chinese literary polysystem and its weak function as
translated literature in the Western literary polysystem, the study explores the translational
phenomenon of martial arts fiction in the West as well as the concurrent phenomenon as to
why so little of martial arts fiction has been translated into Western languages, compared to
the copious amount into other Asian languages, to the extent of stimulating a new literary
genre or (re)writing martial arts fiction in indigenous languages in Indonesia, Vietnam and
Korea, sinicized countries or countries boasting large overseas Chinese communities.
Issues and problems related to these translational activities and cultural phenomena are
presented as tools to test the limits of the polysystem theory.
Part II is a micro-level study focussing on the specifics of rendering Fox Volant of the
Snowy Mountain by Jin Yong into English. I will argue, in the main, that many difficulties,
inherent in both the translating and reading processes, can be constructed within the
theoretical framework of Andre Lefevere's concept of "constraint", particularly that of the
universe of discourse. Lefevere's connotation of the universe of discourse will be expanded
to embrace different cultural presuppositions and literary assumptions underlying two
divergent world cultures, hence different reader expectations in the reading process.
It is hoped that the findings and results of this descriptive case history of martial arts fiction
as a literary genre in translational migrations will contribute to the accumulation of
knowledge
Eugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris fanjingshanensis Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 8, Map 1) Male. Size medium, form slender. Fastigium verticis about 1.6 times as wide as scape, lateral margins not raised. Scape as long as pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined; pedicel as long as first segment of flagellum. Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; median ocellus subcircular, better defined than lateral ocelli (Fig. 8 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin almost straight, 2 low callouses present on each side laterally; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin truncate (Fig. 8 B–C). Hind femora with 4–5 inner and 5–7 outer ventral spines; hind tibiae with 7 inner and 6 outer spines on dorsal surface, subapices of ventral surface with 1 inner spine. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora, reaching the basal one-thirds area of hind tibiae; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook on ventral surface, directing upwards and inwards (Fig. 8 F). Cerci longer, cylindrical, the apical half slightly curved upwards (Fig. 8 D). Anterior margin of subgenital plate almost straight, posterior margin with 1 shallower triangular concavity, the lateral lobes as long as styli, the distance between them narrower (Fig. 8 E–F), its apices strongly curved ventrad. Styli conical, slightly curved inwards, its apices obtuse, located on lateral margins of subgenital plate near apex (Fig. 8 E). Female. This species is known only from male. Coloration. Yellowish green. Eyes brown. Ocelli yellow. Spines of hind legs with apices black. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 34.0; BL: ♂ 24.1; PL: ♂ 7.0; TL: ♂ 26.2; HF: ♂ 17.5. Material examined. Holotype: male, Fanjingshan, Guizhou, 2 August, 2002, coll. by Shi Fuming. Distribution. China (Guizhou). Remarks. This species may be related to Eugryllacris lobulis Bian & Shi sp. nov. based on the general shape of male subgenital plate, but differs from the latter by: body slender; the distance of between lateral lobes of male subgenital plate narrower, apex of the lateral lobes obtusely rounded and strongly curved ventrad. Etymology. Named after the type locality.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 449-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
Eugryllacris lobulis Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris lobulis Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 7, Map 1) Male. Size medium, form not especially robust. Fastigium verticis about 2 times as wide as sacpe, lateral margins not raised. Scape shorter than length of eye, internal margin slightly swelling; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined about as long as length of eye. Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; ocelli indistinct, median ocellus poorly defined (Fig. 7 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin almost straight; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin truncate (Fig. 7 B–C). Hind femora with 5 inner and 7 outer ventral spines; hind tibiae with 6 pairs of short, robust spines on dorsal surface, these becoming larger apically. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora, reaching the middle area of hind tibiae; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook, its apices acute (Fig. 7 D). Cerci longer, cylindrical, the apical half slightly curved outwards (Fig. 7 E). Anterior margin of subgenital plate almost straight, posterior margin with 1 triangular concavity, the lateral lobes shorter than styli (Fig. 7 E). Styli conical, slightly curved inwards, its apices obtuse, located on the lateral margins of subgenital plate near apex (Fig. 7 E). Female. This species is known only from male. Coloration. Yellowish green. Eyes brown. Occiput and between antennal cavities reddish (Fig. 7 A). Spines of hind legs with apices black. Tarsi and claw brown. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 38.9; BL: ♂ 25.3; PL: ♂ 9.1; TL: ♂ 31.0; HF: ♂ 17.5. Material examined. Holotype: male, Emeishan, Sichuan, 28 June, 2009, coll. by Gao Xiang. Distribution. China (Sichuan). Remarks. The new species is similar to Eugryllacris bifoliata Bian & Shi sp. nov., but differs from the latter in occiput and between antennal cavities reddish; posterior margin of subgenital plate with 1 shallow triangular concavity in the middle, the lateral lobes obviously shorter than styli. In Eugryllacris bifoliata Bian & Shi sp. nov., occiput and between antennal cavities are same-color with body, and the lateral lobes is nearly as long as styli. Etymology. “ Lobul ” is a Greek word meaning smaller lobe, referencing to the lateral lobes of subgenital plate. MAP 1. Distribution of the genus Eugryllacris from China.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 447-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
Eugryllacris bifoliata Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris bifoliata Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 5, Map 1) Male. Size normal for the genus. Fastigium verticis broad, about 1.3 times as broad as scape, lateral margins not raised. Scape elongate, shorter than the length of eye; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined as long as scape. Eyes oval, obviously protruding; ocelli unconspicuous, median ocellus defined nearly circular; lateral ocelli ovoid (Fig. 5 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin slightly concave; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin almost straight (Fig. 5 B–C). Hind femora with 5–6 inner and 6–10 outer ventral spines. Middle tibiae with 1 inner apical spine, hind tibiae with 6–7 inner and 5–6 outer short spines on dorsal surface. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook, which visible in lateral view (Fig. 5 D), its apical area directing backwards and slightly upwards. Cerci almost straight, cylindrical. Subgenital plate longer than broad, anterior margin almost straight, centre of posterior margin obtusetriangular concave, the lateral lobes nearly triangular (Fig. 5 E). Styli conical, faintly incurved, shorter than the lateral lobes of subgenital plate, its apices obtuse, located on lateral margins of subgenital plate in middle area (Fig. 5 E). Female. Differs in following characters: more robust; dorsal surface of hind femora with 3–4 inner and 6–8 outer spines, ventral surface of hind tibiae with 6 inner and 6–7 outer spines. Posterior margin of seventh abdominal tergite with 1 short, stout median process. Posterior margin of subgenital plate with 1 median concavity, the lateral lobes obtusely rounded (Fig. 5 L). Ovipositor longer than hind femora, strongly upcurved, dorsal valvulae with apices obliquely truncate (Fig. 5 J–K). Coloration. Yellowish green. Eyes brown. Mandible with black teeth (Fig. 5 F). Dorsal surface of pronotum with 1 longitudinal yellow stripe in middle (Figs. 5 B, G). Spines of hind legs with apices black. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 37.5–42.2, ♀ 39.6–40.5; BL: ♂ 27.0–32.0, ♀ 29.3–32.1; PL: ♂ 7.8 –9.0, ♀ 8.4–9.7; TL: ♂ 28.8–32.6, ♀ 30.9–31.5; HF: ♂ 16.9–18.4, ♀ 18.3 –19.0; Ov: 19.5 –22.0. Material examined. Holotype: male, Jiuwanshan, Rongshui, Guangxi, 1 August, 2006, coll. by Shi Fuming & Mao Shaoli. Paratypes: 2 males and 3 females, other data as holotype. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Remarks. The new species is similar to Eugryllacris longifissa Bian & Shi sp. nov., but it is easily distinguished by: hooks of male ninth abdominal tergite larger, its apices directing backwards and slightly upwards; posterior margin of male subgenital plate with 1 obtuse-triangular concavity, the lateral lobes nearly triangular (Fig. 5 E); the process of female seventh abdominal sternite shorter and stouter than the latter. Etymology. Name derived from the triangular lateral lobes of male subgenital plate.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 445-446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
Eugryllacris longifissa Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris longifissa Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 4, Map 1) Male. Size medium, form robust. Fastigium verticis about 2 times wider than scape, lateral margins not raised. Face smooth. Scape elongate, shorter than the length of eye; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined about as long as length of eye. Eyes elongate and oval, protruding forwards; median ocellus nearly circular, the width as long as scape; lateral ocelli ovoid (Fig. 4 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin nearly truncate, disc generally flat, 2 low callouses present on each side laterally; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin nearly straight (Fig. 4 B–C); humeral sinus shallow. Hind femora with 6 inner and 7–8 outer ventral spines, which outer spines longer than inner ones; tibiae with 6 pairs of short, robust spines on dorsal surface, these becoming larger apically. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora, reaching the middle area of hind tibiae; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook, which directing downwards and slightly inwards (Fig. 4 E–F), its apex acute. Cerci longer, cylindrical, the basal four-fifths nearly straight, the apical area curved outwards (Fig. 4 D). Anterior margin of subgenital plate slightly arched concave, posterior margin with 1 deep concavity, the lateral lobes narrowly rounded (Fig. 4 F). Styli conical, shorter than the lateral lobes of subgenital plate, its apices obtuse, located on lateral margins of subgenital plate in middle area (Fig. 4 F). Female. Appearance of female is similar to male, except the followings: hind femora with 5 inner and 6–7 outer spines on ventral surface; tibiae with 6–7 pairs of dorsal spines. Posterior margin of seventh abdominal sternite with 1 short process, reaching the middle area of subgenital plate, its apex nearly truncate. Cerci slender, conical, the apical area directing upwards and slightly inwards. Subgential plate longer than broad, narrowing, lateral margins nearly straight, centre of posterior margin with 1 triangular concavity, the lateral lobes triangular (Fig. 4 K). Ovipositor as long as hind femora, strongly upcurved, dorsal valvulae with apices obliquely truncate (Fig. 4 J). Coloration. Yellowish green. Face reddish to tawny. Dorsal surface of pronotum with 1 longitudinal yellow stripe in middle (Figs. 4 B, H). Veins of tegmina yellowish green, cells brown. Spines of hind legs with apices black. Ovipositor brown. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 35.5–36.1, ♀ 31.9 –43.0; BL: ♂ 24.4 –26.0, ♀ 14.8–29.3; PL: ♂ 8.2–8.5, ♀ 8.0– 8.4; TL: ♂ 25.5–27.5, ♀ 28.4–34.1; HF: ♂ 17.5–17.8, ♀ 17.0– 20.3; Ov: 17.6–22.8. Material examined. Holotype: male, Jiuwanshan, Rongshui, Guangxi, 1 August, 2006, coll. by Shi Fuming & Mao Shaoli. Paratypes: 3 males and 3 females, other data as holotype. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Remarks. The newly described species resembles Eugryllacris elongata Bian & Shi sp. nov. described from Zhejiang Province. The diagnostic character is on the shape of male subgenital plate and the process of female seventh abdominal sternite. Etymology. The new specific name derived from the deep concavity of male subgenital plate.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on page 443, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
Chinese mothers - Western daughters? : cross-cultural representations of mother-daughter relationships in contemporary Chinese and Western women's writing
No full textThis study looks at women's prose narrative representing four major
Chinese communities during the last 30 years, and focuses on the depiction of
mother-daughter relationships among personae within the narrative texts. The
thesis seeks to suggest that mother-daughter relationships within the texts are a
reflection of how a text responds to its mother culture in the course of development.
Narrative prose ranging from self-professed autobiographies to the fictional,
written by Chinese women from American-Chinese communities, Hong Kong,
Taiwan and Mainland China, are examined in a comparative approach within an
ethnical framework. The concept of a national literature is discussed with regard to
different fonns of Chinese-ness.
It is revealed, in the course of this examination, that each group of Chinese
women's writing examined here demonstrates an acute awareness of a link with an
original mother culture, the Chinese orientation. However, recent events both
inside and outside China have inevitably shaped cultural development in these
communities, resulting in splits and diversifications in the individual cultural
consciousness.
Approached from this perspective, the Chinese mother culture gains a new
vitality by virtue of shedding the burden of a long history. Focusing on the
intertextual activities of regional writings, it is shown that represented Chinese-ness
is no longer an unchanged and unchanging phenomenon, but is redefined each
moment through the locus of interactions among independent hybrid communities
Eugryllacris xiei Bian & Shi, sp. nov.
No full textEugryllacris xiei Bian & Shi sp. nov. (Fig. 6, Map 1) Male. Size medium, form not especially robust. Fastigium verticis about 1.5 times wider than scape, lateral margins not raised. Scape elongate, about two-thirds length of eye, internal margin slightly swelling; pedicel and first segment of flagellum combined about as long as length of eye. Eyes elongate and oval, protruding outwards; median ocellus nearly circular, poorly defined; lateral ocelli small, ovoid, better defined than median ocellus (Fig. 6 A). Anterior margin of pronotum slightly projected in the middle, posterior margin almost straight; lateral lobes longer than high, ventral margin truncate (Fig. 6 B–C). Hind femora with 3 inner and 6 outer ventral spines, the outer ones faintly longer than inner ones; hind tibiae with 6 pairs of short, robust spines on dorsal surface, these becoming larger apically. Tegmina considerably surpassing apices of hind femora, reaching the three-fourths area of hind tibiae; hind wings slightly longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite divided in the middle, forming two lobes, the apices with 1 small hook, completely concealed the abdominal tergite (Fig. 6 D–E), invisible in lateral view, its apex acute, directing forwards (Fig. 6 F). Cerci longer, cylindrical, the apical half slightly curved outwards (Fig. 6 E). Anterior margin of subgenital plate almost straight, posterior margin with 1 obtuse-triangular concavity, the lateral lobes obtusely rounded (Fig. 6 E). Styli conical, slightly curved inwards, which longer than the lateral lobes of subgenital plate, its apices obtuse, located on the lateral margins of subgenital plate near apex (Fig. 6 E). Female. Differs from male in following characters: ocelli well defined. Hind femora with 3–4 internal and 5–6 external spines on ventral surface. Tegmina only reaching the basal third area of hind tibiae. Cerci longer, conical, its apices acute. Seventh abdominal sternite with 1 moderate length process, apical area slightly curved dorsad, its apex faintly concave in the middle (Fig. 6 J). Subgenital plate wider than long, strongly narrowing, centre of posterior margin with shallow triangular concavity, the lateral lobes obtusely rounded (Fig. 6 J). Ovipositor about as long as hind femur, strongly curved upwards (Fig. 6 K). Coloration. Yellowish green. Eyes brown. Ocelli yellow. Spines of hind legs with apices black. Measurements (mm). BWL: ♂ 31.5–34.7, ♀ 27.9–29.5; BL: ♂ 24.4 –30.0, ♀ 23.5–24.5; PL: ♂ 7.2–7.5, ♀ 7.0– 7.3; TL: ♂ 23.8–25.3, ♀ 19.4–22.7; HF: ♂ 16.8–17.4, ♀ 15.5–16.3; Ov: 16.5–16.9. Material examined. Holotype: male, Guanhan, Wufeng, Hubei, 7 July, 2011, coll. by Zhou Gan. Paratypes: 1 male, Shengziping, Wufeng, Hubei, 11 July, 2011, coll. by Liao Pinglu; 1 female, Shengziping, Wufeng, Hubei, 10 July, 2011, coll. by Zhen Wanwen; 1 female, Maoping, Wufeng, Hubei, 16 August, 2002, coll. by Chang Yanlin. Distribution. China (Hubei). Remarks. The new species is similar to Eugryllacris elongata Bian & Shi sp. nov., but differs from the latter in: the concavity of male subgenital plated deeper; the process of female seventh abdominal sternite shorter, apical area slightly curved dorsad, the posterior margin of subgenital plate with 1 shallower concavity, the lateral lobes nearly obtusely rounded. Etymology. Named in honour of Dr. Guang-Lin Xie who has provided us with many bush crickets and raspy crickets over the years.Published as part of Bian, Xun & Shi, Fuming, 2016, Review of the genus Eugryllacris Karny, 1937 (Orthoptera: Gryllacridinae) from China, pp. 438-450 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on page 446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25890
The FM and PL Libraries Documentation
No full textBuilding complex SPMD code in an ecient and portable way is nowadays a challenge, especially when there is no uniformity of tools and libraries across platforms. The Fast Messages (FM) and the Portability Library (PL) where both designed to provide the basis of an abstract enough framework for C, so that problems can be coded and ported to any supported platform with no more than a few changes in the makeles and a recompilation. The FM library provides a message passing communications library built around the Berkeley Active Messages library. The PL library provides the primitives for host to node communication for problem initialization and results collection, as well as other miscellaneous and potentially non-portable primitives. This technical report contains the documentation for both libraries.Technical report LCSR-TR-25
Glose phonétique sur le Shi jing 詩 經.
No full textShi jing 詩 經. ClassiquesNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document original.Fragment. Les car. commentés correspondent à SPTK , n° 3. j. 16, ff. 10 a 6-29 b 3. Sous-titres : Sheng min di nian si 生 民 第 廿 四, avec en petits car. juan shi qi 卷 十 七, da ya er 大 雅 二 (col. 16) ; dang zhi shi di nian wu 蕩 之 什 第 廿 五, avec en petits car. juan zhi shi ba 卷 之 十 八, da ya san 三 (col. 25). Repr. in TPLS , j. xia, pl. 115-120 ; repr. partielle (col. 16-24) in TKRS , pl. 8. Repr. et étudié par Pan Chong gui in SYPH, 9, 1 (1969), pl. 1-5 et pp. 71-91 ; repris in THCK , pp. 39-63. Repr. et étudié par Zhou Zu mo 周 祖 謨, in Wen xue ji 問 學 集. Pékin, 1966, vol. 1, 5 pl. à la suite de la p. 164, et pp. 162-167. Éd. et étudié par Ojima Sukema in SG, 6, 3 (1932), pp. 83-90 ; étudié in KTSL , pp. 36-42 ; étudié également par Hirayama Hisao 平 山 久 雄 in Hokkaidō daigaku bungakubu kiyō 北 海 道 大 學 文 學 部 紀 要 14,3 (1966), pp. 1-243 ; par Uchino Kumaichirō 內 野 熊 一 郎 in Uno tetsuto sensei hakuju shakuga kinen tōyōgaku ronsō 宇 野 哲 人 先 生 白 壽 祝 賀 記 念 東 洋 學 論 叢. Tōkyō, 1974, pp. 243-280, in TYBK , 78 (1979), pp. 1-67. Cf. art. de Luo Chang pei in KHKK , 7,2 (1942), non consulté ; de Chen Tie fan, in JCMS , 17 (1969), p. 180 ; cf. également LC , pp. 595-598. Écr. kai call., de type archaïsant. Encre noire. 1 car. ajouté dans la marge sup. (col. 44). Espace de 2 car. laissé libre entre les odes pour la clarté de la présentation. 96 col., 24 col. par f., environ 20 car. par col. Notes en petits car. sur col. dédoublées. Marges tracées, sup. 2,5 cm, inf. 2,3 cm. Réglures
Increasing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics skills using Project Lead the Way
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
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