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Supplementary Material, SupplementaryMaterial - Prenatal Growth Patterns and Birthweight Are Associated With Differential DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Cardiometabolic Risk Genes in Human Placentas: A Discovery-Based Approach
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Supplementary Material, SupplementaryMaterial for Prenatal Growth Patterns and Birthweight Are Associated With Differential DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Cardiometabolic Risk Genes in Human Placentas: A Discovery-Based Approach by Pao-Yang Chen, Alison Chu, Wen-Wei Liao, Liudmilla Rubbi, Carla Janzen, Fei-Man Hsu, Shanthie Thamotharan, Amit Ganguly, Larry Lam, Dennis Montoya, Matteo Pellegrini, and Sherin U. Devaskar in Reproductive Sciences
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Oscillations in cardiovascular function during acute hypoxia in the newborn piglet are associated with less neurological damage and occur more frequently in females
No full textThe function of the cardiovascular system during hypoxia is an important determinant of neurologic outcome. Oscillations in blood pressure, particularly type-3 waves with a duration of 10 to 160 s, have been shown to occur in the presence of hypoxia in the neonatal rat. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and occurrence of type-3 waves in the neonatal piglet and any relationship to neurologic damage after acute global hypoxia. Hypoxia/hypercarbia was induced in 32 anesthetized piglets by reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 0.1 and the ventilation rate from 30 to 10 breaths per minute for 45 min. The degree of neurologic damage was assessed using both physiologic (EEG amplitude and cerebral impedance at 6 h posthypoxia) and structural (microtubule associated protein-2 immunohistochemistry) markers. Type-3 waves in cardiovascular function occurred in 56% of animals. An oscillating pattern was significantly associated with less neurologic damage (p = 0.01) and a lower duration of hypotension during hypoxia (p = 0.02), and occurred more frequently in females (p = 0.024)
Galactosemia, a single gene disorder with epigenetic consequences
No full textLong-term outcomes of classic galactosemia (GAL) remain disappointing. It is unclear if the complications result mainly from prenatal-neonatal toxicity or persistent glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis abnormalities. We performed gene expression profiling (T transcriptome) to characterize key-altered genes and gene clusters of four patients with GAL with variable outcomes maintained on a galactose-restricted diet, compared with controls. Significant perturbations of multiple cell signaling pathways were observed including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. A number of genes significantly altered were further investigated in the GAL cohort including SPARC (osteonectin) and S100A8 (S100 calcium-binding protein). The whole serum N-glycan profile and IgG glycosylation status of 10 treated patients with GAL were compared with healthy control serum and IgG using a quantitative high-throughput analytical HPLC platform. Increased levels of agalactosylated and monogalactosylated structures and decreases in certain digalactosylated structures were identified in the patients. The persistent abnormal glycosylation of serum glycoproteins seen with the microarray data indicates persisting metabolic dyshomeostasis and gene dysregulation in “treated” GAL. Strict restriction of dietary galactose is clearly life saving in the neonatal period; long-term severe galactose restriction may contribute to ongoing systemic abnormalities
American Pediatric Society 2010 Presidential Address—Epigenetics: A Science of Biological Adaptation—Lessons for Academic Pediatrics
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