466 research outputs found
Exercise testing and training in cystic fibrosis clinics in the United Kingdom: a 10-year update
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record
Tubeufia nigroseptum H. W. Shen, L. L. Li, H. Y. Su & Z. L. Luo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textTubeufia nigroseptum H.W. Shen, L.L. Li, H.Y. Su & Z.L. Luo sp. nov. FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF 558686; Facesoffungi number: FOF 10260; Etymology: —Referring to the mature conidia of this fungus with dark septa. Holotype: —KUN-HKAS 115528 Saprobic on decaying wood in a freshwater stream. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, helicosporous. Colonies on the substratum superficial, effuse, gregarious, white to pale brown. Mycelium composed of partly immersed, partly superficial, hyaline to pale brown, septate, branched hyphae, with masses of crowded, glistening conidia. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, cylindrical, mostly unbranched, 0–2-septate, 30–65 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, hyaline to pale brown, smoothwalled. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, truncate at apex after conidial secession, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, helicoid, rounded at tip, 34–62 µm diam, and conidial filaments 5–10 µm wide in the broadest part (x = 42 × 7 µm, n = 40), 142–187 µm long, tightly coiled 2–3 times, not becoming loose in water, 16–30 septate, the young conidia have indistinct septate, darkened and slightly constricted at the septa when mature, guttulate, hyaline when young, brown to dark brown when aged, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: — Conidia germinating on PDA and germ tubes produced from conidia within 12 h. Colonies growing on PDA, circular, with flat surface, edge entire, reaching 28 mm in 3 weeks at room temperature, pale brown to brown in MEA medium. Mycelium superficial and partially immersed, branched, septate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Material examined: — CHINA, Yunnan province, Nujiang River, on submerged decaying wood, March 2017, Hong-Wei Shen, S-881 (KUN-HKAS 115528, holotype), ex-type living culture, CGMCC 3.20430. Notes: —Morphologically, Tubeufia nigroseptum resembles T. machaerinae in having similar shape of conidia, coiled 2–3 times and conidiogenous cells. However, T. nigroseptum differs from T. machaerinae in having less number of conidial septa (16–30 vs. 28–35), darkened septa and hyaline conidia when young, pale brown when aged. Furthermore, multi-gene phylogenetic result showed that our new taxon is distinct from T. machaerinae. In our phylogenetic analysis, Tubeufia nigroseptum clusters with T. brunnea, T. hechiensis and T. taiwan ensis with high bootstrap support (100% ML and 1.00 PP). Following Jeewon & Hyde (2016) for delimitation of new species, there are 29 noticeable nucleotide differences among the 554 nucleotides between T. taiwan ensis and Tubeufia nigroseptum. Tubeufia nigroseptum resembles T. brunnea in having flexuous, conidiophores, multi-septate, guttulate, smooth-walled conidia, not becoming loose in water. However, T. nigroseptum has a tight spiral, brown conidia at maturity, have black septum. Therefore, we identified the isolate as new species of Tubeufia.Published as part of Li, Long-Li, Shen, Hong-Wei, Bao, Dan-Feng, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Su, Hong-Yan & Luo, Zong-Long, 2022, New species, Parahelicomyces yunnanensis sp. nov. and Tubeufia nigroseptum sp. nov. from freshwater habitats in Yunnan, China, pp. 21-37 in Phytotaxa 530 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/582390
Steam flow effects on hydrolysis reaction kinetics in the Cu–Cl cycle
No full textIn this paper, the effects of an inert carrier gas and steam flow on the reaction kinetics of a CuCl2 hydrolysis reactor are examined for the thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle of hydrogen production. Experimental data from two packed bed reactors, at three separate vapour pressures of H2O in the gaseous input stream, are investigated in terms of the transient conversion efficiencies and reaction kinetics. The results show that the transient reaction rate reduces by over 75% as the reaction progresses and physical resistances develop in the reactor. The effects of system temperature and reactant flowrate on the reaction rate are also investigated with experimental data. The results of this paper show that by reducing the steam density, the variability in reaction rate can be decreased. These results can be used to predict the reaction kinetics, allowing residence time and transport properties to be more effectively considered.Ontario Research Excellence Fund (ORF)Canada Research Chairs (CRC) programAtomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL
Nitrogen carrier gas flow for reduced steam requirements of water splitting in a packed bed hydrolysis reactor
No full textThis paper presents new experimental data and modeling of a copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) hydrolysis reactor for thermochemical hydrogen production with the Cu–Cl cycle. A hydrated nitrogen stream reacts with CuCl2 particles at various temperatures between 365 °C and 400 °C to investigate the reaction extent of steam in the endothermic reactor. Thermal decomposition of the solid reactant is examined by monitoring the chlorine production in the gaseous effluent. The theoretical maximum steam conversion is calculated from the Gibbs reaction energy and compared with the experimental results via the reaction quotient. The results of this paper provide significant new data to achieve higher conversion efficiencies of steam in the Cu–Cl cycle than previously obtained in past experimental and predictive data.Ontario Research Excellence Fund(ORF)Canada Research Chairs (CRC) programAtomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL
Solid particle decomposition and hydrolysis reaction kinetics in Cu–Cl thermochemical hydrogen production
No full textThis paper examines cupric chloride solid conversion during hydrolysis in the thermochemical copper-chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle of hydrogen production. The hydrolysis reaction is a challenging step, due to the excess steam requirement and decomposition of cupric chloride (CuCl2) into cuprous chloride (CuCl) and chlorine (Cl2). In this paper, the hydrolysis and decomposition reactions are analyzed with respect to chemical equilibrium conversion and the reaction kinetics. The effects of operating parameters are examined, including the temperature, pressure and excess steam, on equilibrium conversion. It is shown that the reaction kinetics expression that represents a reversible reaction reflects the equilibrium limitation on the solid conversion, rather than first-order kinetics.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence Fun
Equilibrium conversion in Cu–Cl cycle multiphase processes of hydrogen production
No full textThis paper performs a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis of individual steps within the copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) thermochemical cycle of hydrogen production. The cycle has a maximum temperature of 550 °C and it involves four reaction steps – producing hydrogen, copper, hydrogen chloride and oxygen – and a cupric chloride drying step. In this paper, the chemical reaction steps of the cycle are analyzed to determine the effects of process variables on chemical equilibrium conversion. It is found that the hydrogen production reaction can occur as a two-phase gas–solid system, rather than three phases. The optimal conditions for hydrogen production occur at a temperature below 400 °C, at atmospheric pressure. The study also found that the ideal condition to minimize excess steam, and completely consume any chlorine formed during the reaction, is a temperature of 400 °C, at atmospheric pressure. The operating conditions for complete consumption of chlorine were identified by the equilibrium partial pressure of chlorine formed, during decomposition of cupric chloride solid (CuCl2), and the equilibrium partial pressure of chlorine from the reverse chlorine consumption reaction. Furthermore, the ideal condition for the copper oxychloride decomposition reaction is a temperature around 500 °C, atmospheric pressure, which minimizes cuprous chloride (CuCl) vaporization.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence Fun
Parahelicomyces yunnanensis H. W. Shen, L. L. Li, H. Y. Su & Z. L. Luo 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Parahelicomyces yunnanensis</i> H.W. Shen, L.L. Li, H.Y. Su & Z.L. Luo, <i>sp</i>. <i>nov</i>. FIGURE 2 <p>Index Fungorum number: IF 558685; Facesoffungi number: FOF 10259;</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> —Referring to Yunnan province, China, where the fungus was collected.</p> <p> <b>Holotype:</b> —KUN-HKAS 115525</p> <p> <i>Saprobic</i> on decaying wood in a freshwater stream. <b>Asexual morph:</b> Hyphomycetous, helicosporous. <i>Colonies</i> on the substratum superficial, effuse, gregarious, white to pale brown. <i>Mycelium</i> composed of partly immersed, partly superficial, hyaline to pale brown, septate, branched hyphae, with masses of crowded, glistening conidia. <i>Conidiophores</i> macronematous, mononematous, cylindrical, multiple branched, septate, 107–236 µm long, 3–5 µm wide, hyaline to pale brown, many bulges on the nodule, smooth-walled. <i>Conidiogenous cells</i> holoblastic, mono-to polyblastic, integrated, sympodial, terminal or intercalary, cylindrical, has many obvious bulges on the nodule, with denticles, directly from conidiophores near each septum, some of them are arising laterally from the conidiophores as tiny bladder-like protrusions 2–9 µm long, 1–3.5 µm wide, hyaline to dark brown, smooth-walled. <i>Conidia</i> solitary, acropleurogenous, helicoid, rounded at tip, multi-septate, 28–55 µm diam, and conidial filaments 2–3.5 µm wide (<i>x</i> = 39 × 2.5 µm, n = 31), 104–156 µm long, coiled 1–3 times, becoming loosely coiled in water, guttulate, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. <b>Sexual morph:</b> Undetermined.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:—</b> CHINA, Yunnan province, Dali city, Binchuan county, Jizushan Mountain, on submerged decaying wood in freshwater stream, August 2017, Hong-Wei Shen, S-832 (KUN-HKAS 115525, <b>holotype</b>), ex-type living culture, CGMCC 3.20429.</p> <p> <b>Notes:</b> — <i>Parahelicomyces yunnanensis</i> resembles <i>P. hyalosporus</i> in having, branched, septate hyaline to pale brown conidiophores. However, they are different in size of conidia (<i>P. yunnanensis</i> = 104–156 × 2–3.5 vs. <i>P. hyalosporus</i> =126.5–237 × 4–7 µm). The conidiophores of <i>Parahelicomyces yunnanensis</i> are longer (107–236 vs. 26–53 μm). In addition, our isolate conidia, guttulate, conidiogenous cells has many obvious bulges on the nodule and irregular, with denticulate, hyaline to dark brown. In the phylogenetic analysis, <i>P. yunnanensis</i> is close to <i>P. hyalosporus</i>, following Jeewon & Hyde (2016) for delimitation of new species, nucleotide comparison between <i>P. yunnanensis</i> and <i>P. hyalosporus</i> shows there are 14, 1, 14 and 11 differences in ITS, LSU, RPB 2, and TEF 1-α sequence data respectively, which supports them to be different species. Therefore, <i>Parahelicomyces yunnanensis</i> is introduced as a new species.</p>Published as part of <i>Li, Long-Li, Shen, Hong-Wei, Bao, Dan-Feng, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Su, Hong-Yan & Luo, Zong-Long, 2022, New species, Parahelicomyces yunnanensis sp. nov. and Tubeufia nigroseptum sp. nov. from freshwater habitats in Yunnan, China, pp. 21-37 in Phytotaxa 530 (1)</i> on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5823902">http://zenodo.org/record/5823902</a>
Comparison of sulfur–iodine and copper–chlorine thermochemical hydrogen production cycles
No full textSulfur–iodine and copper–chlorine water splitting cycles are promising methods of thermochemical hydrogen production. In this paper, these two cycles are compared from the perspectives of heat quantity, heat grade, thermal efficiency, related engineering challenges, and hydrogen production cost. The heat quantity and grade required by each step of the cycles are evaluated and the thermal efficiencies are approximated from the heat requirements. It is found that the overall heat requirements of the two cycles do not have significant differences and the overall efficiencies of the two cycles are similar, between 37 and 54%, depending on the portion of heat recovery. The copper–chlorine cycle has the advantage of a lower maximum temperature of 803 K, which is 300 K lower than the maximum temperature of 1123 K in the sulfur–iodine cycle. This indicates that the copper–chlorine cycle can link more readily with various heat sources, such as grade Generation IV nuclear and fossil fuel power stations. It is also reported that the copper–chlorine cycle can have fewer challenges of equipment materials and product separation. A cost analysis shows that the copper–chlorine and sulfur–iodine cycles have similar hydrogen production costs, which are lower than steam-methane reforming, and conventional and high temperature electrolysis, due to less use of electricity, no carbon related charges and no methane requirement in the thermochemical cycles.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Fun
Comparison of different copper–chlorine thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production
No full textCopper–chlorine thermochemical cycles for hydrogen production are very promising water splitting cycles. In this paper, different types of copper–chlorine cycles with various numbers of steps are compared. The factors that determine the number and effective grouping of steps are analyzed. It is found that the water requirement in the hydrolysis step is affected by a combination of drying and hydrolysis steps. It is also found that hydrogen can be produced either from electrolysis of cuprous chloride, or from chlorination of copper by hydrogen chloride, which indicates a potential combination of disproportionation and chlorination steps. The major engineering advantages and disadvantages of these cycle variations with different amounts of steps will be analyzed and discussed.Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedOntario Research Excellence Fun
Experimental and Numerical Study on a Dry-expansion Shell-and-Tube Evaporator Used in Wastewater Source Heat Pump (WWSHP)
No full textAiming at the issue of bio-fouling build-up on heat exchanger\u27s surface in wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP) systems, a novel dry-expansion shell-and-tube wastewater evaporator (DESTE) with defouling function was developed. Based on reasonable assumptions, a steady-state model of the DESTE was built to carry out the investigation, which was validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental data. The DESTE at different velocities of refrigerant and wastewater before and after cleaning was simulated. The simulation results, which included the distributions of refrigerant\u27s pressure, enthalpy, void fraction, heat transfer coefficient and the temperature of wastewater and refrigerant along the flow-line before and after cleaning, suggested that the cleaning can improve the performance of the DESTE effectively. The effect of wastewater flow rate and the growth of fouling were studied as well. The results indicated that, for the DESTE designed in this paper, the minimum fouling thermal resistance to defouling was Rf=25 =25×10-5.m2.K.W-1. All these results can be used as a key reference for designing and operating waste bath water source heat pump systemes in future
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