140 research outputs found
Correction To: Oxford House Residents’ Attitudes Toward Medication Assisted Treatment Use in Fellow Residents
No full textThe original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the author group, where co-authors Isabel Dovale, Noah Gelfman and Sarah Callahan were missed to include and Brandon Isler should be removed from the author group. © 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Natur
Molecular and macromolecular alterations of recombinant adenoviral vectors do not resolve changes in hepatic drug metabolism during infection
No full textAbstract In this report we test the hypothesis that long-term virus-induced alterations in CYP occur from changes initiated by the virus that may not be related to the immune response. Enzyme activity, protein expression and mRNA of CYP3A2, a correlate of human CYP3A4, and CYP2C11, responsive to inflammatory mediators, were assessed 0.25, 1, 4, and 14 days after administration of several different recombinant adenoviruses at a dose of 5.7 × 1012 virus particles (vp)/kg to male Sprague Dawley rats. Wild type adenovirus, containing all viral genes, suppressed CYP3A2 and 2C11 activity by 37% and 39%, respectively within six hours. Levels fell to 67% (CYP3A2) and 79% (CYP2C11) of control by 14 days (p ≤ 0.01). Helper-dependent adenovirus, with all viral genes removed, suppressed CYP3A2 (43%) and CYP2C11 (55%) within six hours. CYP3A2 remained significantly suppressed (47%, 14 days, p ≤ 0.01) while CYP2C11 returned to baseline at this time. CYP3A2 and 2C11 were reduced by 45 and 42% respectively 6 hours after treatment with PEGylated adenovirus, which has a low immunological profile (p ≤ 0.05). CYP3A2 remained suppressed (34%, p ≤ 0.05) for 14 days while CYP2C11 recovered. Inactivated virus suppressed CYP3A2 activity by 25–50% for 14 days (p ≤ 0.05). CYP2C11 was affected similar manner but recovered by day 14. Microarray and in vitro studies suggest that changes in cellular signaling pathways initiated early in virus infection contribute to changes in CYP.</p
The Phallus: Power and Vulnerability
No full textVersion: Author Accepted Manuscript (23 pages)This chapter focuses upon the cultural significance and meanings of the image of the erect penis, aka the Phallus. The authors contrast two views – from ancient history and from contemporary cinema – that show its range of meanings and significations to be both complex and revealing. In ancient history, the Phallus appears in painted, bas-relief and sculptural form, both attached to male figures and on its own, amongst the material culture of peoples all over the world – going back some 30,000 years before the present – in contexts that clearly depict it as a sacred image. Its journey as a cultural signifier through the past two thousand years, however, has been very different. It has been progressively shunned and ultimately regarded as the representation of all that is impure and even evil. Male same-sex activity, uncontroversial in antiquity, has been suppressed along with the image of the Phallus, as the focus upon the use of the erect penis only for procreative activity – and not for worship, pleasure, or anything else – has gripped those practicing the ‘religions of the book’. Then in the second half of the nineteenth century, the new scholarly pursuit of anthropology – with racial and gendered biases - set the men of the ‘white’ ‘races’ of Europe above the more ‘primitive’ ‘races’ of colonial possessions around the world. To these European thinkers the Phallus became the signifier of primitive or savage masculinity, paired in deity dualities with local goddesses representing a primitive and passive femininity. This last dual image persisted until very recent times, notably as the ‘straw man’ so vilified by second wave feminism. At the same time this new scientific view created medical classifications for non- procreative activities with the erect penis, designating same-sex activity as an illness. Such a chequered history for an image has bequeathed – for contemporary cinema – a rich and complex field to mine for culturally significant stories, as the authors show in the example of the turn-of-the-century film Magnolia (Paul Thomas Anderson, 1999, US), with its “respect the cock, tame the cunt” routine, providing food for thought both in its depiction of male power(lessness), and as a vivid media documentation of the issues around the notion of the Phallus in contemporary thought
Contents
No full textThe views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the author(s) an
Soluble tau species, not neurofibrillary aggregates, disrupt neural system integration in a tau transgenic model
No full textNeurofibrillary tangles are a feature of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, and although they are generally believed to be markers of neuronal pathology, there is little evidence evaluating whether tangles directly impact neuronal function. To investigate the response of cells in hippocampal circuits to complex behavioral stimuli, we used an environmental enrichment paradigm to induce expression of an immediate-early gene, Arc, in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. These mice reversibly overexpress P301L tau and exhibit substantial neurofibrillary tangle deposition, neuronal loss, and memory deficits. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization to detect Arc messenger RNA, we found that rTg4510 mice have impaired hippocampal Arc expression both without stimulation and in response to environmental enrichment; this likely reflects the combination of functional impairments of existing neurons and loss of neurons. However, tangle-bearing cells were at least as likely as non-tangle-bearing neurons to exhibit Arc expression in response to enrichment. Transgene suppression with doxycycline for 6 weeks resulted in increased percentages of Arc-positive cells in rTg4510 brains compared with untreated transgenics, restoring enrichment-induced Arc messenger RNA levels to that of wild-type controls despite the continued presence of neurofibrillary pathology. We interpret these data to indicate that soluble tau contributes to impairment of hippocampal function, although tangles do not preclude neurons from responding in a functional circuit
Growing through organizational change
No full textThis article describes the authors experience as an organizational change agent. The need to enhance client access to mental health care was the rallying cry for clinic transformation. The author describes how facility management, staff development, and therapeutic community were used to improve clinic functioning. The article ends with suggestions for how the reader might engage in organizational change
Obstacles on the path: An exposition of the experience of car-free living
No full textThe contemporary focus by local and central government on the promotion of sustainable transport options has highlighted the need for commuting to move away from the current dependence on private cars to more public and active (walking and cycling) modes of transport. Given the prominence of the motor car in personal transport options however, choosing to live car-free in this car dependent culture appears at first glance to be an irrational choice. This research explores the lived experiences of a group of Hamilton residents who have made such a choice. Using a grounded theory approach, the thesis presents the results of interviews with nine car-free Hamilton residents who shared their personal transport stories, which include their childhood experiences, but focus on their current everyday practices and experiences. Through semi-structured interviews, the costs and benefits of a car-free lifestyle are articulated and analysed. Their motivations for choosing to forgo cars and their solutions for overcoming potential barriers to car-free living are also reported and explored. The collected data generated a range of themes which are presented in three chapters, each covering a specific aspect of the participants’ stories. The first group of themes relate to the public sphere, the second to the private realm and the final group emanates from specific elements of car-free living that the thesis sought to clarify through the participants’ stories. The key finding is that living car-free within Hamilton City is viewed by the participants as a well reasoned and eminently sensible choice, which produces multiple benefits. In addition to their reduced environmental footprints, the participants value the social interaction associated with active and public transport. Their consensus is that they are healthier, wealthier and more involved members of the community. The most problematic areas of living without a car were associated with recreational and social activities, which often do not coincide with public transport schedules or involve distances too great for active transport. The benefits far outweigh any disadvantages however, and ultimately, this thesis concludes that a motor car is not necessary for the everyday activities of urban living in Hamilton and any associated inconveniences are not as insurmountable as generally imagined
Actively Engaging Pre-service Teachers in Geometry and Measurement
No full textCurrent work in mathematics education suggests that the learning experiences in which teachers engage during undergraduate study influences their knowledge of and beliefs about mathematics and the ways in which they will teach (Allen, et. al., 2008; CBMS, 2001; Hill, Rowan, & Ball, 2005; National Research Council, 2001). However, very little is known about pre-service teachers’ learning experiences and how those experiences influence their thinking about mathematics teaching and learning. The classroom excerpt described here attempts to illuminate how pre-service, elementary teachers’ active engagement in the learning of geometry and measurement influences their mathematical power: a positive disposition toward mathematics, ability to reason about mathematics, facility in making connections across content strands and to other subjects, and proficiency in communicating mathematical ideas (Baroody & Coslick, 1998; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989; Orrill & French, 2002). The author calls for research that more closely examines students’ learning experiences and educational outcomes such as mathematical power and mathematics knowledge for teaching (Hill, Rowan, & Ball, 2005)
Paper 3: Actively Engaging Pre-service Teachers in Geometry and Measurement
No full textCurrent work in mathematics education suggests that the learning experiences in which teachers engage during undergraduate study influences their knowledge of and beliefs about mathematics and the ways in which they will teach (Allen, et. al., 2008; CBMS, 2001; Hill, Rowan, & Ball, 2005; National Research Council, 2001). However, very little is known about pre-service teachers’ learning experiences and how those experiences influence their thinking about mathematics teaching and learning. The classroom excerpt described here attempts to illuminate how pre-service, elementary teachers’ active engagement in the learning of geometry and measurement influences their mathematical power: a positive disposition toward mathematics, ability to reason about mathematics, facility in making connections across content strands and to other subjects, and proficiency in communicating mathematical ideas (Baroody & Coslick, 1998; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989; Orrill & French, 2002). The author calls for research that more closely examines students’ learning experiences and educational outcomes such as mathematical power and mathematics knowledge for teaching (Hill, Rowan, & Ball, 2005)
To rule the roof of the world: power and patronage in Afghan Kyrgyz society
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at [email protected]. Thank you.This anthropological study of two Kyrgyz communities in Afghanistan's Pamir Mountains examines the changing nature of political leadership in Afghan Kyrgyz society over the past forty years. The research was conducted during nineteen months spent in Afghanistan, between 2006 and 2010, including twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork and participant observation among the Kyrgyz in both the Great and Little Pamirs. Data were collected on Kyrgyz history, demography, pastoral production strategies and market access-as well as, most importantly, the political strategies of various Kyrgyz leaders.
Given the predominately rural nature of Afghanistan and the limited reach and influence of formal government structures, informal leadership constitutes the primary form of governance experienced by most Afghans. Far from being a timeless or static process, access to positions to leadership has been and remains opportunistic and dynamic, demonstrating considerable adaptability to changing social, economic, and political conditions. This study considers informal leadership in Afghan Kyrgyz society over four periods: pre-April 1978; the Saur Revolution and the Soviet-Afghan war (1978-1989); the mujahideen conquest, the civil war, and the war against the Taliban (1989-2001); and the post-Taliban period (2001-2012).
Kyrgyz population transfers, the Soviet occupation of the Pamirs, mujahideen rule, and post-Taliban state-building efforts in Afghanistan have had far-reaching effects upon Kyrgyz politics, primarily by reconstituting access to political capital. In contrast to the pre-1978 period, when it was derived mostly from pastoral wealth, political capital has been increasingly accumulated through the process of extracting and redistributing exogenous resources, via patron-client networks, by Kyrgyz leaders seeking to establish, maintain, legitimize or contest political authority. Situating both the Great and Little Pamir, as well as the Afghan state, in recent historical context, this dissertation explains the various social and economic factors that account for the development of three different types of political leadership-the khan, the wakil, and the CDCs-all of which, though, retain the same goal: extracting patronage to accumulate political capital and legitimacy. It concludes by noting recent significant events which have occurred in both Pamirs, changes which are illustrative of Kyrgyz politics and which will greatly affect the future ofthis community
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