1,721,053 research outputs found
The effects of eyestalk ablation on acid-base balance and haemocyanin concentration in grass shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Natantia).
No full texte-Health Interventions for Community-Dwelling Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review
No full textBACKGROUND: Because type 2 diabetes mellitus is a critical health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence, and complications worldwide, e-health has been widely utilized for management in type 2 diabetes. INTRODUCTION: This scoping review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews on e-health interventions aimed to examine service platforms, program types, outcomes, current status of research activities, research gaps, and the effectiveness of type 2 diabetes self-care management among community-dwelling adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Arksey and O'Malley's method was adopted for this review. The Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE databases were searched from inception until April 2018. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and charted studies using a piloted charting form. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus, and results were collated, summarized, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS: The final studies (N = 81) related to e-health interventions included systematic reviews/meta-analyses on clinical effectiveness (n = 64), usability (n = 14), and behavioral outcomes (n = 47). The commonest e-health intervention subtypes for type 2 diabetes care were patient monitoring (53/163, 32.5%), treatment adherence (50/163, 30.7%), and diabetes-related advice/education (34/163, 20.9%). Mobile devices were most often used to provide e-health services (57/142, 40.1%), followed by the internet (41/142, 28.9%). The e-health strategy that was effective in controlling blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients was a multimodal intervention comprising treatment advice or education, treatment adherence or reminder methods, and patient monitoring. Treatment adherence or reminder methods and/or patient monitoring showed behavioral effects, but the usability of e-health interventions was controversial. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that e-health intervention should be complex intervention including treatment advice/education, patient monitoring, and treatment adherence or reminder methods
The effect of eyestalk ablation on growth, hemolymph composition and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity of Penaeus-monodon juveniles.
No full textThe effects of eyestalk ablation on oxygen-consumption and ammonia-N excretion of juvenile shrimp Penaeus-monodon.
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Peer support for smoking cessation: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkAbstract Background Peer-support programs are a useful social support strategy for populations trying to quit smoking who are willing to maintain smoking abstinence. This study is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of peer support for smoking cessation. Methods This protocol will be conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions 6.2. We will conduct a comprehensive search in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ovidEmbase, PsycINFO, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ovidMEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Open Grey, as well as the Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions in EPPI-Centre, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and reference lists of included papers. The review will include randomized controlled trials of peer support interventions aimed to stop smoking in any population. Two reviewers will independently screen and select relevant studies. Version 2 of the Cochrane tool that assesses risk of bias in randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The primary outcomes will be defined as the tobacco abstinence rate and adverse events. If a quantitative synthesis is not appropriate, a synthesis without meta-analysis will be undertaken. Discussion This review will provide the best available evidence regarding the effects of peer support interventions to quit smoking. The results from this study will help to inform healthcare providers on the optimal peer support intervention modalities such as intensity, delivery methods, type of support provider, and duration of the intervention. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD4202019628
Residential Radon Exposure and Cigarette Smoking in Association with Lung Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study in Korea
Full text linkResidential radon exposure and cigarette smoking are the two most important risk factors for lung cancer. The combined effects thereof were evaluated in a multi-center matched case-control study in South Korea. A total of 1038 participants were included, comprising 519 non-small cell lung cancer cases and 519 age- and sex- matched community-based controls. Residential radon levels were measured for all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for lung cancer according to radon exposure (high ≥ 100 Bq/m3 vs. low < 100 Bq/m3), smoking status, and combinations of the two after adjusting for age, sex, indoor hours, and other housing information. The median age of the participants was 64 years, and 51.3% were women. The adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high radon and cigarette smoking were 1.56 (1.03–2.37) and 2.53 (1.60–3.99), respectively. When stratified according to combinations of radon exposure and smoking status, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for lung cancer in high-radon non-smokers, low-radon smokers, and high-radon smokers were 1.40 (0.81–2.43), 2.42 (1.49–3.92), and 4.27 (2.14–8.52), respectively, with reference to low-radon non-smokers. Both residential radon and cigarette smoking were associated with increased odds for lung cancer, and the difference in ORs according to radon exposure was much greater in smokers than in non-smokers
Cardiovascular Events According to Inhaler Therapy and Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Full text linkBackground: COPD coexists with many concurrent comorbidities. Cardiovascular complications are deemed to be major causes of death in COPD. Although inhaler therapy is the main therapeutic intervention in COPD, cardiovascular events accompanying inhaler therapy require further investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate new development of cardiovascular events according to each inhaler therapy and comorbidities. Methods: This study analyzed COPD patients (age ≥ 40 years, N = 199,772) from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database in Korea. The development of cardiovascular events, from the index date to December 31, 2020, was investigated. The cohort was eventually divided into three arms: the LAMA/LABA group (N = 28,322), the ICS/LABA group (N = 11,812), and the triple group (LAMA/ICS/LABA therapy, N = 6174). Results: Multivariable Cox analyses demonstrated that, compared to ICS/LABA therapy, triple therapy was independently associated with the development of ischemic heart disease (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.43), heart failure (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.84), arrhythmia (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.41–2.09), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.64–3.25), whereas the LAMA/LABA therapy did not show a significant association. Furthermore, emergency room visit during covariate assessment window was independently associated with the development of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and atrial fibrillation/flutter (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that cardiovascular risk should be considered in COPD patients receiving triple therapy, despite the confounding bias resulting from disparities in each group
Differential efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to the types of EGFR mutations and agents in non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world study
Full text linkBackground: Both first and second-generation EGFR-TKIs are recommended in advanced NSCLC with common EGFR mutations. However, there are few data on the difference in efficacy of EGFR-TKIs based on the type of EGFR mutation and agents. Methods: This retrospective real-world study evaluated the outcomes and clinicopathologic characteristics, including the type of EGFR mutations, of 237 advanced NSCLC patients treated with first- or second-generation (afatinib) EGFR-TKIs as first-line therapy. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 11 months (M) and 25M, respectively. In the univariate analysis, patients with exon 19 deletion (del) (n=130) had significantly longer median OS compared to those with other mutations (L858R: 84, others: 23) (30 vs. 22 M, p=0.047), without a difference in PFS (p=0.138). Patients treated with afatinib (n=60) showed significantly longer median OS compared to those treated with first-generation TKIs (gefitinib: 159, erlotinib: 18) (30 vs. 23 M, p=0.037), without a difference in PFS (p=0.179). In patients with exon 19 del, there was no significant difference in median PFS (p=0.868) or OS (p=0.361) between patients treated with afatinib and those treated with first-generation TKIs, while significantly better PFS (p=0.042) and trend in OS (p=0.069) were observed in patients receiving afatinib in other mutations. Exon 19 del was independently associated with favorable OS (p=0.028), while age >70 years (p=0.017), ECOG performance status ≥2 (p=0.001), primary metastatic disease (p=0.007), and synchronous brain metastasis (p=0.026) were independent prognostic factors of poor OS. Conclusions: The EGFR exon 19 del was associated with favorable OS in advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line EGFR-TKIs. Moreover, in patients with exon 19 del, first-generation TKIs seem to be a reasonable treatment option if osimertinib is unavailable
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