126,479 research outputs found
Improving the Quality of Women’s Gold in Mali, West Africa: The Case of Shea
No full textThe collection, primary processing, and subsequent sale of shea-based products make an important contribution to rural women’s cash income in many of Mali’s shea producing areas. Internationally, shea has recently become popular in high-valued cosmetics thanks to its therapeutic properties— a deviation away from its historic use as a cheap cocoa-butter substitute. For these reasons, international development actors have targeted the Malian shea value chain as part of their private-sector-development and rural-poverty-alleviation programs and strategies. Information asymmetry in the production and marketing of shea has led to a “Market for Lemons” scenario much like that described by Akerlof (1970), thereby compromising the subsector’s potential to serve as a powerful source of rural income growth and poverty alleviation. A combination of tools is used to describe the Malian shea value chain, including the “Structure, Conduct, Performance” framework borrowed from the industrial organization literature and the “Subsector Studies” approach popular in current export-led international development strategies. Analogies from subsectors historically plagued by adverse selection and moral hazard are used to identify potential leverage points and intervention strategies for stakeholders to help improve shea quality and returns to primary producers. The analysis suggests the Malian government has the potential to play an important role in this process as a coordinating body and channel captain, with donors and private enterprises playing complementary roles.Information asymmetry, karité, Mali, rural development, shea, women’s income, Agribusiness, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, Marketing, Q13, Q23, L15, L24, 013, O17,
Shea, N L, QX16211
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/416385Surname: SHEA. Given Name(s) or Initials: N L. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: QX16211. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 21225.238538
Item: [2016.0049.48646] "Shea, N L, QX16211
Tree Tenure in Agroforestry Parklands: Implications for the Management, Utilisation and Ecology of Shea and Locust Bean Trees in Northern Ghana
No full textThe management and utilisation of resources in agroforestry systems are influenced by both land and tree tenure systems, especially where land and tree tenure are distinct, and rights to one do not necessarily lead to rights over the other. Most academic research has examined the impact of land tenure on management and productivity in these landscapes. This thesis investigates the impact of tree tenure alongside other socioeconomic factors through the research question: 'how do local institutional arrangements affect the management, utilisation and ecology of indigenous economic trees in agroforestry parklands?' Shea and locust bean trees, two of the most economically, culturally and ecologically important indigenous agroforestry species in Northern Ghana, are chosen for the case study. This multidisciplinary study utilises several methodologies of data collection and analysis to assess individual and household behaviour in the management of shea and locust bean trees, and the impact on the ecology of these species. The analysis of incentives (and constraints) stemming from differing tenure arrangements reveals differing attitudes among the households to the preservation and planting of these trees on their farmlands. Women, who are primary gatherers of non-timber products from these trees and hence the main beneficiaries, have differing access to these trees, depending both upon the status of their household within the community and the tenure rules in place. Econometric modelling of shea and locust bean tree densities reveals the socioeconomic and institutional determinants of these tree densities on the farmland, highlighting the importance of economic and institutional incentives and constraints in shaping the management practices, and subsequently the ecology of these indigenous economic species. The findings demonstrate that the vagaries of the resource-use dynamics should be taken into consideration by any policy targeted towards promoting sustainable management and utilisation of these valuable parkland species
Barringtonica Shea & Colgan & Stanisic 2012, n. gen.
No full textBarringtonica n. gen. Type species. Barringtonica polblue n. sp. –here designated. Etymology. For the Barrington Tops. Diagnosis. Shell very small, silky golden brown weakly planispiral to bi-concave with tightly coiled whorls the last inflated, spire slightly to strongly depressed. Protoconch sculpture spiral consisting of low, flattened, broad spiral cords, with distinct radial growth ripples developing near teleoconch junction; teleoconch with numerous prominent radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus U shaped to wide, cup-shaped. Penis with an expanded apical portion becoming tubular distally. Verge absent, no pilaster formation observed. Distribution and habitat. Known from the volcanics of the western Barrington Tops rainforest massif off the Scone-Gloucester road and in upper Moonan Brook valley, east of Scone, NSW; found in sub-alpine woodland and vine thicket, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Barringtonica n. gen. is distinguished by the protoconch sculpture of numerous low flattened spiral cords and radial ridges which become prominent on the latter parts of the protoconch. Comboynea n. gen. has similar low spiral cords that are generally fewer in number, and indistinct underlying radial ridges. Anatomically it differs from both Cumberlandica and Planorbacochlea (most species) chiefly by the lack of a penial verge. The absence of any pilaster formation would seem to indicate that the male reproductive system in the material studied was either immature or seasonally under-developed.Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 6
Cancellocochlea Shea & Colgan & Stanisic 2012, n. gen.
No full textCancellocochlea n. gen. Diagnosis. Shell very small, orange brown, biconcave or discoidal/planate with tightly coiled whorls, the last inflated. Protoconch sculpture reticulate (coolongolook) to spiral (heatherae); teleoconch with few sinuate radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate consisting of prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords, beaded at their intersection. Aperture narrowly to broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus wide U-shaped to wide cup-shaped. Penis tubular with an apical verge that has a lateral pore; longitudinal ridge shaped pilasters present. Epiphallus shorter than penis. Range and habitat. From the Port Stephens area northward to the Manning River drainage basin, NSW; found in rainforest on volcanics, living under logs and rocks. Remarks. Cancellocochlea coolongolook n. sp. and Ca. heatherae n. sp. display significant differences in protoconch sculpture. The protoconch sculpture of Ca. coolongolook has similarities to both Planorbacochlea parriwiensis and P. yessabahensis (both reticulate) while the beaded spiral pattern of Ca. heatherae links it to the Hunter/Port Stephens Planorbacochlea group.Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 7
Postcard from Thomas (Tommy) P. Shea to Frank N. Seerley (February 24, 1916)
No full textA postcard from Thomas (Tommy) P. Shea to Frank N. Seerley, dated February 24th, 1916. On the front of the postcard is the address of Seerley and Shea's name and title. On the back, Shea informs Seerley that he is in the Army and tells him that he met a man whom he aided in getting to his proper unit.Frank N. Seerley graduated from the International Young Men’s Christian Association College in 1890 and began working at the college as an instructor in the same year. He served as a member of the Springfield Board of Education from 1896 to 1912. In 1907, he served as an official lecturer for the American Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. From 1917 to 1918, he gave lectures on sex hygiene in encampments for the War Work Council. After World War 1, he served as Dean of Springfield College from 1918 to 1934. Seerley was awarded the Tarbell Medallion in 1942
State Support for Peace Processes: A Multi-Country Review
No full textLaunched by Ms Frances Adamson, Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade on 7 June 2017, State Support for Peace Processes: A Multi-Country Review was produced as part of the Australian International Conflict Resolution Project at the University of Melbourne and commissioned by the Development Policy Division of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
The report explores how Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States of America have approached supporting peace processes. It aims to identify concrete steps for Australia to consider in enhancing its approach to supporting peace and stability, including improving its capacity to support peace processes through whole of government approaches.
The report was prepared by researchers at the University of Melbourne led by Prof John Langmore, Dr Tania Miletic, Dr Aran Martin and Mr Nathan Shea, and includes chapters from experts around the world who have advised on the work of their countries
Richmondaropa Shea & Colgan & Stanisic 2012, n. gen.
No full textRichmondaropa n. gen. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924: 215 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Roblinella Iredale, 1941b: 1 (in part); Smith 1992: 203 (in part). Type species. Gyrocochlea prava Hedley, 1924 —here designated. Etymology. For the Richmond River district, north-eastern NSW. Diagnosis. Shell very small, cinnamon brown, planispiral to slightly biconcave with spire flat to slightly concave. Whorls tightly coiled, the last inflated and descending strongly in front. Protoconch sculpture primarily spiral consisting of 17 to 21 prominent, widely spaced, narrow, continuous spiral cords; vague, very weak, underlying radial ridges present. Teleoconch sculpture of numerous, prominent, widely and uniformly spaced, slightly sinuate, orthocline to strongly prosocline radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture shape broadly ovately-lunate. Umbilicus wide, U-shaped to cup-shaped. Epiphallus longer than penis, entering penis through a simple pore (i.e. verge absent). Penis tubular with an expanded apical portion, internally with 2–3 longitudinal pilasters. Distribution and habitat. Sub-coastal volcanics, alluvial flood plains and coastal habitats between the Richmond and Tweed Rivers, north-eastern NSW; found in rainforests, living on undersides of logs. Remarks. Richmondaropa n. gen. is distinguished by having a predominantly spiral protoconch with widely spaced, continuous narrow, spiral cords. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924 differs chiefly in having finely cancellate protoconch sculpture with numerous, extremely crowded, beaded spiral cords; Dictyoropa has a reticulate protoconch sculpture with continuous, widely spaced spiral cords; and Macphersonea n. gen. has distinctly latticelike protoconch sculpture and channelled sutures. Richmondaropa appears confined to the coastal and sub-coastal areas of north-eastern NSW area between the Richmond and Tweed Rivers. However, the hinterland, particularly rainforests of the upper Richmond and Nightcap Ranges needs to be further explored to circumscribe fully the geographic range of the genus and constitute species.Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on page 8
Planorbacochlea Shea & Colgan & Stanisic 2012, n. gen.
No full textPlanorbacochlea n. gen. Gyrocochlea Hedley, 1924: 215 (in part); Iredale 1937: 322 (in part); Iredale 1941a: 267 (in part); Smith 1992: 190 (in part); Stanisic et al. 2010: 196 (in part). Type species. Gyrocochlea hawkesburyana Stanisic, 2010 —here designated. Etymology. From the Latin planus = flat, orbis = disc and cochlea = snail. Diagnosis. Shell very small to small, brownish, with a weakly to strongly depressed spire and tightly coiled whorls, the last inflated. Protoconch sculpture of prominent crowded, beaded spiral cords and low radial undulations (P. hawkesburyana, P. planorbis), or with more widely spaced spiral cords and equally high, narrow, widely spaced radial ribs (P. reticulata) to widely reticulate with widely spaced non-beaded, spiral cords and broad radial ribs of equal prominenence (P. parriwiensis, P. yessabahensis and P. nambucca). Teleoconch with numerous well developed, widely to very closely spaced, prominent radial ribs; microsculpture cancellate with prominent microradial ribs and low microspiral cords. Aperture broadly, ovately-lunate. Umbilicus U-shaped to wide cupshaped. Penis tubular to pear-shaped, with longitudinal pilasters distally, with an apical verge that has a lateral or terminal pore or without a verge (P. nambucca, P. reticulata). Epiphallus generally as long as penis. Distribution and habitat. Sydney Basin north to the Nambucca River drainage, NSW; found in a variety of habitats including dry sclerophyll forest but more commonly in vine thicket/rainforest associations, usually in small groups living on the undersides of logs and timber. Remarks. Planorbacochlea n. gen. Differs from Cumberlandica primarily on general shell form and in the sculpture of the protoconch. Planorbacochlea has a more tightly coiled whorl profile with inflated last whorl and strongly spiral to reticulate protoconch sculpture. Cumberlandica has evenly coiled whorls and a protoconch that has bi-modal sculpture consisting of spirals initially and dominant radials on the latter part. Planorbacochlea is a geographically widespread and diverse group when compared with other genera dealt with here. It is also considered highly problematic in composition. While the DNA results identify the group as coherent, the protoconch and anatomical data show a number of significant anomalies. The protoconch sculpture in Sydney Basin Planorbacochlea and P. planorbis generally exhibits a spiral pattern comprising closely spaced, fine beaded spiral cords (but less closely spaced then in Gyrocochlea s.s.) and weak radial ridges. However, in P. parriwiensis n. sp. (sympatric with P. hawkesburyana n. sp.), P. yessabahensis n. sp., P. nambucca n. sp. P. reticulata n. sp. and P. dandahra n. sp. the protoconch sculpture is reticulate and is comprised of spiral cords that are more widely spaced and more prominent widely spaced radial elements. Furthermore, P. nambucca n. sp., in lacking a penial verge, also differs radically in reproductive tract morphology from all other species in the group. These morphological differences are of the same order of magnitude as those between other genera treated here. Considering the difficulty with the collection of these charopids in the field alluded to earlier, there is a reasonable likelihood that additional species, yet to be discovered, exist within the broad landscape currently defined by the Planorbacochlea distribution. These may yet assist in adequately defining Planorbacochlea. However, additional fieldwork, which was outside the resources of the current study, is needed to resolve this problem. Further north in the Clarence and Richmond River drainages, and in the Border Ranges, there are also yet-tobe described species which could be embraced in the general concept of this genus as it currently stands. However, the differences in the fine detail of the reticulate protoconch sculpture in these species are also such as to suggest that they represent separate lineages from Planorbacochlea. Their inclusion in the genus would lead to a situation similar to that of Gyrocochlea s.l., which the current study seeks to unravel.Published as part of Shea, M., Colgan, D. J. & Stanisic, J., 2012, 3585, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 3585 on pages 36-3
Facilitating entry into shea processing: a study of two interventions in northern Ghana
No full textThere is considerable potential for the shea industry (Vitellaria paradoxa) to contribute to the economic empowerment of women in the Sahel Region of sub-Saharan Africa. This article examines interventions in Ghana's Upper West Region at two different processing stages of the value chain, intended to facilitate women's participation in, and enhance the benefits accruing from, shea harvesting and processing. We use the responses of the nut pickers and butter processors to qualitative and quantitative field research undertaken in 2010 to explore the constraints facing women's market participation. Results showed that mechanisms to link butter producers to markets and to sources of credit were key for the development of the shea value chain in a way that retains value locally and benefits rural producers. Complementary services also facilitated participation in the butter chains. For women to benefit, the ability to negotiate and influence the terms of trade between producers and buyers is important. Such market initiatives and interventions must be considered in the context of time management of diverse livelihood strategies. Also, how financial management and benefit sharing occur within households is sure to interact with the willingness of women to participate in new shea opportunities
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