11,891 research outputs found
Right to repair: will the public choose to reuse e-products for longer?
No full textThe University of Southampton’s Olanrewaju S. Shittu, Ian D. Williams and Peter J. Shaw look at the right to repair, and ask will the public follow the waste hierarchy and choose to reuse e-products for longer
Leçons de chymie propres à perfectionner la physique, le commerce et les arts
No full textpar M. Pierre Shaw, premier Médecin du Roi d'Angleterre; traduites de l'anglois ...Titelvignett
The effect of pH, dissolved humic substances, and ionic composition on the transfer of iron and phosphate to particulate size fractions in epilimnetic lake water.
No full textTransformations of dissolved iron and phosphate to particulate material (>0.2 \mu m) were investigated by adding ^55 FeCl_3, and ^32 PO_4^3- to pH adjusted epilimnetic lake water samples of contrasting ionic strengths and dissolved humic substances (DHS) concentrations. The distributions of these tracers between particulate size fractions in samples without appreciable DHS after 24 h of dark incubation varied markedly over the pH range 4-8. The effect of pH on the movement of ^55 Fe and ^32 P to particulate size fractions in clear-water samples depended on the ionic strength. Over the same pH range, the presence of DHS suppressed the movement of ^55 Fe and ^32 P to particulate size fractions. There was little difference between low and high ionic strength DHS-rich samples. The capability of DHS to maintain added ^55 Fe and ^32 P in solution (<0.2 \mu m) was confirmed by simultaneous measurements of precipitation losses.<br/
Avoidable Household Food Waste: Diagnosing the Links between Causes and Composition
No full textProblems associated with the wastage of food intended for human consumption are well known and the discarding of edible but unconsumed food—avoidable food waste—is clearly undesirable. Interventions to reduce avoidable food waste need to be suitably informed: understanding the causes and consequences of avoidable food waste is instructive in this regard. One hitherto unexplored approach to understand better the causes of food waste is to elucidate associations between the composition of avoidable food waste and the reasons why it is generated. If such associations can be established, data relating to the composition of avoidable food waste can contribute evidence to underpin interventions intended to prevent or reduce avoidable food waste. The aim of this study was therefore to explore links between the causes of avoidable food waste and its composition, and thereby contribute to the development of management measures. Information relating the commonly reported causes of avoidable food waste and its composition (part-consumed, whole-unused and leftovers) was gathered via a series of participatory workshops involving university students. Outcomes of the workshops indicated that individual causes of avoidable food waste rarely lead exclusively to a single type of avoidable food waste, but some relationships were evident. Five of the 13 causal factors explored were considered to lead to all three types of avoidable food waste; a further five were considered to lead mainly to part-consumed and whole-unused food waste. Potential interventions to effect positive change are explored; the value of classifying avoidable food waste to guide interventions was evident, although approaches would need to be aligned with the observed composition of avoidable food waste and the method(s) of intervention considered. Applications of the approach and outcomes of this study are also considered in a policy context
Lead Halide Perovskites: Synthesis, Properties & Applications in Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices
No full textThe introduction of photovoltaic cells and light emitting diodes has defined this era of technology. Together they provide affordable renewable energy and high efficiency lighting. Despite all these benefits, current solid state materials are rapidly approaching theoretical device limits and will soon be unable to meet rising demands. In 2009, through a fusion of wet chemistry and nanotechnology, lead halide perovskite dots were identified. These novel materials exist as nanocrystalline semiconductors with bright, tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. As a result, perovskites are an intriguing candidate to work in tandem with solid state materials, promising to elevate device performance and efficiency. While an attractive prospect, such a combination is not without the significant challenges of material compatibility and stability, which must both be overcome to create a successful device. This thesis presents an overcoming of these obstacles by undertaking a detailed investigation of perovskite nanocrystals. Expertise in perovskite nanomaterials is developed to further their nanochemistry and optical properties with dramatic increases in photochemical lifetime obtained using polymeric encapsulation methods. The most promising candidate is then improved and brought to application in a device, resulting in a 100 % increase of Power Conversion Efficiency at UV wavelengths in a photovoltaic cell
Concepts and Communication in the Early Stages of an Environmental Science Degree: A Case Study of Formative Activities and Tasks
No full textTo meet the needs of the professional environment sector, environmental science graduates need to be suitably equipped in terms of their knowledge, understanding, and skills. At the University of Southampton, the first-year module Environmental Science: Concepts and Communication aids students in their journey into Environmental Science by preparing them to face the challenges of university study and beyond. This module thus engages students in independent learning and provides them with opportunities to develop and enhance the skills necessary to do so. Formative and student-led activities and tasks are considered important tools to achieve this aim. This review provides an overview of selected formative and student-led activities with focus on methods and approaches, values and benefits, and the practicalities of delivery. Three assessments are reviewed: a practice essay, a communication exercise, and a practice presentation. The intended benefits and value of these assessments are (1) engagement with environmental issues and topics and (2) development and enhancement of study skills. The value of such work is only realized, however, with student engagement. Delivering this module has demonstrated that formative elements are most effective when orientated to tutor group activities. Motivation for engagement appears most effective when the visibility - or absence - of students’ work is brought to the foreground through working in small groups. There is added value in that the collation and sharing of feedback within a small group permits students to learn not only from their own work but also from their peers
A New Statistical Modelling Approach to Ocean Front Detection from SST Satellite Images
No full textOcean fronts are narrow zones of intense dynamic activity that play an important role in global ocean-atmosphere interactions. Owing to their highly variable nature, both in space and time, they are notoriously difficult features to adequately sample using traditional in-situ techniques. In this paper we propose a new statistical modelling approach to detecting and monitoring ocean fronts from AVHRR SST satellite images that builds on the 'front following' algorithm of Shaw and Vennell (2000). Weighted local likelihood is used to provide a smooth, non-parametric description of spatial variations in the position, mean temperature, width and temperature change of an individual front within an image. Weightings are provided by a Gaussian kernel function whose width is automatically determined by likelihood cross-validation. The statistical model fitting approach allows estimation of the uncertainty of each parameter to be quantified, a capability not possessed by other techniques. The algorithm is shown to be robust to noise and missing data in an image, problems that hamper many of the existing front detection schemes. The approach is general and could be used with other remotely sensed data sets, model output or data assimilation products
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