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U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel
No full textThis report provides an overview of U.S. foreign assistance to Israel. It includes
a review of past aid programs, data on annual assistance figures, and an analysis of
current issues. The report will be updated annually to reflect developments over the
previous year. For the most recent action on aid to Israel, see CRS Issue Brief
IB82008, Israel: Background and Relations with the United States, by Carol
Migdalovitz. For information on overall U.S. assistance to the Middle East, see CRS
Report RL32260, U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical
Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2006 Request, by Jeremy M. Sharp
Armed conflict in Syria : U.S. and international response / Jeremy M. Sharp; Christopher M. Blanchard
No full texttRNAs Marked with CCACCA Are Targeted for Degradation
No full textAuthor Manuscript 2012 May 11The CCA-adding enzyme [ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase] adds CCA to the 3′ ends of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), a critical step in tRNA biogenesis that generates the amino acid attachment site. We found that the CCA-adding enzyme plays a key role in tRNA quality control by selectively marking structurally unstable tRNAs and tRNA-like small RNAs for degradation. Instead of adding CCA to the 3′ ends of these transcripts, CCA-adding enzymes from all three kingdoms of life add CCACCA. In addition, hypomodified mature tRNAs are subjected to CCACCA addition as part of a rapid tRNA decay pathway in vivo. We conjecture that CCACCA addition is a universal mechanism for controlling tRNA levels and preventing errors in translation.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Training Grant in Cellular, Biochemical and Molecular Sciences 5T32-GM068411)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01-GM34277)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01-CA133404)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Cancer Center Support (core) Grant P30-CA14051
James Bond: international man of gastronomy
No full textThis article is concerned with the representation of food and drink in Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels. In particular, it examines how the author uses Bond’s culinary knowledge and habits of consumption as an important constituent of his hero’s character. Similarly, the food choices of other characters, notably villains, are shown to be linked, by Fleming, to core aspects of their identity − principally their ethnicity. Bond’s impulse to observe and classify, very much in evidence in the novels’ food sequences, is examined in terms of the texts’ construction of Bond as a skilled identifier of signs
Selective anticancer activity of a hexapeptide with sequence homology to a non-kinase domain of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4
No full textBackground: cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 4 and 6 (Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk6) are closely structurally homologous proteins which are classically understood to control the transition from the G1 to the S-phases of the cell cycle by combining with their appropriate cyclin D or cyclin E partners to form kinase-active holoenzymes. Deregulation of Cdk4 is widespread in human cancer, CDK4 gene knockout is highly protective against chemical and oncogene-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis, despite the continued presence of CDK2 and CDK6; and overexpresssion of Cdk4 promotes skin carcinogenesis. Surprisingly, however, Cdk4 kinase inhibitors have not yet fulfilled their expectation as 'blockbuster' anticancer agents. Resistance to inhibition of Cdk4 kinase in some cases could potentially be due to a non-kinase activity, as recently reported with epidermal growth factor receptor. Results: a search for a potential functional site of non-kinase activity present in Cdk4 but not Cdk2 or Cdk6 revealed a previously-unidentified loop on the outside of the C'-terminal non-kinase domain of Cdk4, containing a central amino-acid sequence, Pro-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (PRGPRP). An isolated hexapeptide with this sequence and its cyclic amphiphilic congeners are selectively lethal at high doses to a wide range of human cancer cell lines whilst sparing normal diploid keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Treated cancer cells do not exhibit the wide variability of dose response typically seen with other anticancer agents. Cancer cell killing by PRGPRP, in a cyclic amphiphilic cassette, requires cells to be in cycle but does not perturb cell cycle distribution and is accompanied by altered relative Cdk4/Cdk1 expression and selective decrease in ATP levels. Morphological features of apoptosis are absent and cancer cell death does not appear to involve autophagy. Conclusion: these findings suggest a potential new paradigm for the development of broad-spectrum cancer specific therapeutics with a companion diagnostic biomarker and a putative functional site for kinase-unrelated activities of Cdk4
Expanding the synthesis of distributed memory implementations
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 63).In this thesis, I expanded the programming model implemented by the Sketch language to supplement its distributed memory parallelism with shared memory parallelism that uses the popular fork-join model. The primary contribution of this thesis is the means by which the code is assured to be free of race conditions. Sketch uses constraint satisfaction analysis to ensure it synthesizes code the functions properly for all inputs, and I demonstrate how assertions can be generated and inserted into the analysis to guarantee freedom from race conditions. This expanded programming model is then evaluated using test cases to ensure correct operation and benchmarks to examine overall performance.by Jeremy Edward Sharpe.M. Eng
An interpreter for a novice-oriented programming language with runtime macros
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-78).In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of a new novice-oriented programming language with automatically hygienic runtime macros, as well as an interpreter framework for creating such languages. The language is intended to be used as a pedagogical tool for introducing basic programming concepts to introductory programming students. We designed it to have a simple notional machine and to be similar to other modern languages in order to ease a student's transition into other programming languages.by Jeremy Daniel Kaplan.M. Eng
A low power display driver with simultaneous image transformation
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73).In this thesis, I designed, implemented, and evaluated the energy consumption of a system that uses a liquid crystal display to perform a one-dimensional transform. The RMS response of the liquid crystal elements themselves were exploited to perform a matrix multiplication (image transformation) over a single frame period. This image transformation was used as the last step of the decompression process in an image processing system. The system was implemented first in Matlab, then as a printed circuit board, and finally as an integrated circuit. While the initial Matlab and printed circuit board implementations looked promising, a number of practical considerations arose during the integrated circuit design that ultimately resulted in moderate performance: 14.3% energy savings.by Jeremy Zaks Walker.M.Eng
GENOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: SCIENCE, ETHICS, AND LAW
No full textPreface -- List of contributors -- Introduction: environmental policy in the age of genomics / Richard R. Sharp, Gary E. Marchant, and Jamie A. Grodsky -- Pt. I. Environmental policy perspectives -- 1. Toxicogenomics and environmental regulation / Gary E. Marchant -- 2. Addressing genomic needs at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency / Kerry L. Dearfield, William H. Benson, Kathryn Gallagher, and Jeremy D. Johnson -- 3. Application of genomics for health and environmental safety of chemicals: an industry perspective / Richard D. Phillips -- 4. Toxicogenomics and the public interest: technical and sociopolitical challenges / John M. Balbus -- Pt. II. Legal perspectives -- 5. Challenges in applying toxicogenomic data in federal regulatory settings / Lynn L. Bergeson -- 6. Genetic data and toxic torts: intimations of statistical reductionism / Andrew Askland and Gary E. Marchant -- 7. Genomics and environmental justice: some preliminary thoughts / Gary E. Marchant and Jamie A. Grodsky -- 8. Setting air quality standards in the postgenomic era / Gary E. Marchant -- Pt. III. Occupational health perspectives -- 9. Genetics and workplace issues / Paul A. Schulte -- 10. Advances in human genome epidemiology: implications for occupational health and disease prevention / Marc Weinstein -- 11. Occupational health and discrimination issues raised by toxicogenomics in the workplace -- Mark A. Rothstein -- 12. Genetic susceptibility and radiological health and safety / Kenneth L. Mossman -- Pt. IV. Ethical and philosophical perspectives -- 13. Conceptual and normative dimensions of toxicogenomics / Andrea O. Smith and Jason Scott Robert -- 14. Enviromental disease, biomarkers, and the precautionary principle / David B. Resnik -- 15. Rights and the exceptionally vulnerable / James W. Nickel -- 16. (Almost) equal protection for genetically susceptible subpopulations: a hybrid regulatory-compensation proposal / Carl Cranor -- 17. Protecting people in spite of or thanks to the "veil of ignorance" / Adam M. Finkel -- Appendix: Executive summary of National Research Council Report, Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment -- Inde
Interactive debugger with reversible state
No full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 43).This thesis describes PSI (Python Semantic Investigator), a program designed to help students explore their code by allowing them to see the state of their program at any step along its execution. PSI enables them to move forwards or backwards freely along the timeline of their program. It also enables them to designate variable names or object IDs and jump back to the last time such a variable or object was modified. Doing so is intended to help novice students learn to debug more effectively.by Jeremy Theard Wright.M. Eng. in Computer Science and EngineeringM.Eng.inComputerScienceandEngineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scienc
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