1,563 research outputs found
Coupled Eulerian Internal Nozzle Flow and Lagrangian Spray Simulations for GDI Systems
No full textAn extensive numerical study of two-phase flow inside the nozzle holes and the issuing jets for a multi-hole direct injection gasoline injector is presented. The injector geometry is representative of the Spray G nozzle, an eight-hole counter-bored injector, from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN). Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM) coupled with the mixture multiphase approach in the Eulerian framework has been utilized to capture the phase change phenomena inside the nozzle holes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that this approach is capable of capturing the effect of injection transients and thermodynamic conditions in the combustion chamber, by predicting phenomenon such as flash boiling. However, these simulations were expensive, especially if there is significant interest in predicting the spray behavior as well. This paper presents the development of a one-way Lagrangian approach for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) systems, wherein in-nozzle flow simulations can be performed with a small spray chamber domain and the results at the nozzle exit can be used to initialize a Lagrangian spray calculation. This coupled approach will account for the presence of phase-change induced voids at the nozzle exit and hence is expected to be more predictive compared to the standard blob injection model (which does not account for the in-nozzle phenomenon). Results are also compared against the standard Lagrangian simulations using the blob injection model which is initialized using rate of injection measurement (ROI). This work paves the way toward developing and validating a more predictive, but computationally tractable methodology to simulate GDI sprays
Eulerian CFD Modeling of Coupled Nozzle Flow and Spray with Validation Against X-Ray Radiography Data
No full textNumerical simulation of internal and near-nozzle flow of a gasoline direct injection fuel injector
No full textDevelopment and optimisation of a duplex real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay targeting the VP7 and NS2 genes of African horse sickness virus
No full textNucleotide sequences of 52 South African isolates of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) collected during 2004–2005 and including viruses of all nine AHSV serotypes, were used to design and develop a duplex real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) assay targeting the VP7 (S8) and NS2 (S9) genes of AHSV. The assay was optimized for detection of AHSV in fresh and frozen blood of naturally infected horses. Assay performance was enhanced using random hexamers rather than gene-specific primers for RT, and with denaturation of double-stranded RNA in the presence of random hexamers. The assay was efficient with a linear range of at least five orders of magnitude. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 132 copies of the target genes (4125 copies per ml of blood), and the assay was at least 10-fold more sensitive than virus isolation on BHK-21 cells. The assay was also highly specific because it did not detect related orbiviruses, such as bluetongue and equine encephalosis viruses.ID: S0166093410000893; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0166093410000893; Author: M. Quan (a, b, ⁎); Author: C.W. Lourens (a, b); Author: N.J. MacLachlan (c); Author: I.A. Gardner (d); Author: A.J. Guthrie (a); Affiliation: Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Affiliation: Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Keyword: African horse sickness virus; Keyword: Real-time quantitative RT-PCR; Keyword: VP7 gene; Keyword: NS2 gene; Keyword: Duplex; Number of Pages: 8; Language: English
Validation of a Three-Dimensional Internal Nozzle Flow Model Including Automatic Mesh Generation and Cavitation Effects
No full textCo-curing bonding of carbon fibre/epoxy composite joints with excellent structure integrity using carbon fibre/PEEK tapes
No full textA novel co-curing process was proposed for the bonding of carbon fibre/epoxy composites by replacing traditional epoxy adhesives with carbon fibre/PEEK (CF/PEEK) tapes, with an attempt to improve the structure integrity. The lap-shear strengths, fatigue resistance and mode-I and mode-II fracture behaviour of the co-cured joints at 22 °C and 130 °C were investigated, and the failure mechanisms were also studied. The experimental results demonstrated that, by replacing an aerospace structural adhesive with surface-treated CF/PEEK tapes for the co-curing bonding of composite joints, the lap-shear strength of the joints had been increased by 47% and 68% at 22 °C and 130 °C, respectively; the fatigue life had been extended by 3.39 times; the mode-I fracture energy had been increased by 70% and 182% at 22 °C and 130 °C, respectively; and the mode-II fracture energy had been increased by 59% and 54% at 22 °C and 130 °C, respectively. An analysis on the failure surfaces of the tested specimens proved significant plastic deformation and breakage of the PEEK resin and extensive carbon fibre delamination being the main failure mechanisms of the CF/PEEK bonded joints. Overall, this study demonstrated a huge potential of replacing traditional film adhesives with CF/PEEK tapes for the co-curing bonding of aerospace composite joints with significantly enhanced structure integrity and thermal stability.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Structural Integrity & Composite
Affidavit of Florence Scrivner Toye re: transfer of Lease D, Carson Estate Company to Quan Bros., February 25, 1943
No full textDescribes transfer of Lease D with the Carson Estate Company from Florence Scrivner Toye to the Quan Bros. company; Quan Him Wong, George G. Quan. Signatures representing Florence Scrivner Toye, Harry G. Toye, Quan Him Wong, George G. Quan and Hamilton H. Cotton of the Carson Estate Company are included
[Affidavit] of Florence Scrivner Toye re: transfer of Lease D to Quan Bros., Carson Estate Company, January 6, 1943
No full textDescribes transfer of Lease D with the Carson Estate Company from Florence Scrivner Toye to the Quan Bros. company; Quan Him Wong, George G. Quan. No signatures on this document
Leasing Options
No full textArticle: Leasing Options
Author: Vuong Quan Hoang
Vietnam Economic Times (pg. 28)
Published: 15 October 199
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