1,881 research outputs found

    Pulsed Electrodeposition of CuInSe2 Thin Films onto Mo-Glass Substrates 

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    [[abstract]]In this study, copper indium selenide (CIS) films were deposited by pulsed electrodeposition with multi potentials to control the atomic ratio of the CIS film and improve the deposition uniformity. It was found that smaller duty cycle and pulsed period enhanced the cathodic current due to ion replenishment. The results show that the Cu/In ratio was significantly influenced by reverse voltage of pulsed electrodeposition. The uniformity of the CIS films can be improved by proper reverse voltage. The deposition rate did not decrease in direct proportion to the duty cycle because the plating current was enhanced by the pulse effect. The pulsed deposited CIS film with optimized composition show smaller grain size, smoother microstructure, and less secondary phase than constant deposited film. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3567762] All rights reserved.[[note]]SC

    Doctor-family-patient relationship: The Chinese paradigm of informed consent

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    Bioethics is a subject far removed from the Chinese, even from many Chinese medical students and medical professionals. In-depth interviews with eighteen physicians, patients, and family members provided a deeper understanding of bioethical practices in contemporary China, especially with regard to the doctor-patient relationship (DPR) and informed consent. The Chinese model of doctor-family-patient relationship (DFPR), instead of DPR, is taken to reflect Chinese Confucian cultural commitments. An examination of the history of Chinese culture and the profession of medicine in China is used to disclose the deep roots of these commitments. The author predicts that the DFPR model will further develop in China but that it will maintain its Chinese character.EthicsSocial Sciences, BiomedicalPubMedCPCI-SSH(ISSHP)SSCI4

    MONTE-CARLO STUDY OF 3-D Z4 GAUGE-Z2 HIGGS THEORY WITH RADIAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM

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    Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)0ARTICLE3311-3251

    CHINESE PATENT-LAW AND PATENT INFORMATION-SERVICE

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    Information Science & Library ScienceSSCI1ARTICLE111-182

    Synthesis and Thermotropic Studies of Two Novel Series of Kinked Liquid Crystals: 2-(4\u27-Alkoxybiphen-4-yl)-6-methylquinolines and 2-(6-Alkoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylquinolines

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    Two novel homologous series of kinked (Z-shaped) liquid crystalline compounds were synthesized using a short two-step reaction. Yields of 30%–40% and 51%–57% were obtained for 2-(4\u27-alkoxybiphen-4-yl)-6-methylquinolines (nO-PPQMe, n = 3–8) and 2-(6-alkoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylquinolines (iO-NpQMe, i = 3–7), respectively. Spectral analyses agreed with the expected structures. The thermotropic behaviors of these compounds were investigated using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. An enantiotropic nematic phase appeared to be the main mesophase in these two series of kinked liquid crystalline compounds, and an additional enantiotropic smectic C phase appeared when n = 8

    Spin-Crossover in Supramolecular Iron(II)-2,6-bis(1 H-Pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine Complexes: Toward Spin-State Switchable Single-Molecule Junctions

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    Spin-crossover (SCO) active iron(II) complexes are an integral class of switchable and bistable molecular materials. Spin-state switching properties of the SCO complexes have been studied in the bulk and single-molecule levels to progress toward fabricating molecule-based switching and memory elements. Supramolecular SCO complexes featuring anchoring groups for metallic electrodes, for example, gold (Au), are ideal candidates to study spin-state switching at the single-molecule level. In this study, we report on the spin-state switching characteristics of supramolecular iron(II) complexes 1 and 2 composed of functional 4-([2,2′-bithiophen]-5-ylethynyl)-2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L1) and 4-(2-(5-(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)ethynyl)-2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (L2) ligands, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed stretching-induced spin-state switching in a molecular junction composed of complex 1, taken as a representative example, and gold electrodes. Single-molecule conductance traces revealed the unfavorable orientation of the complexes in the junctions to demonstrate the spin-state dependence of the conductance.QN/van der Zant La
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