10 research outputs found
Entrepreneurial Competency Mapping: A Study with Reference to the Educated Youth of Tamil Nadu
Full text linkEntrepreneurial activity is a significant source of revenue and employment, and addresses the shortage of alternative employment possibility required to absorb young population. India has proved to have a relative advantage in terms of youth population distribution when compared to other countries. Competency mapping was the process of identifying key competencies for a specific job and it aided in identifying an individual's strengths and shortcomings, allowing them to better understand themselves and focus their efforts in order to be successful in their careers. The main objective of this was to map the competencies required to take up entrepreneurship as career / profession. The study also assessed the actual level of entrepreneurial competencies in the educated youth and identified gaps in competencies. Random sampling technique was adopted for the study with a total of 385 educated youth and 15 entrepreneurs from five districts in Tamil Nadu. A total of 20 desired entrepreneurial competencies in the early phase of entrepreneurial journey were identified and mapped. The sample educated youth were then assessed for the actual level of these competencies, and the results indicated that knowledge of schemes and incentives (4.13), negotiation skills (4.09), and knowledge of the legal business environment (4.03) were found to have the highest competency gap. It was suggested that entrepreneurship training and skill development programmes could shift their focus from overall skill development to developing targeted competencies necessary for specific phases in the entrepreneurial process
Arterial tortuosity syndrome: 40 new families and literature review (vol 20, pg 1236, 2017)
Full text linkIn the published version of this paper the author Neus Baena's name was incorrectly given as Neus Baena Diez. This has now been corrected in both the HTML and PDF versions of the paper.status: Publishe
Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch 1866
No full textGoniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866 Goniodes rectangulatus Nitzsch, 1818: 294 nomen nudum. Goniodes (Philopedon) rectangulus (Nitzsch); Stephens 1829: 333 [misprint for rectangulatus]. Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866: 389. Goniocotes rectangulus Giebel, 1874: 185 nomen novum for G. rectangulatus. (Figures 18–23) Type host Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758 – Indian peafowl. Type locality None given; likely Germany. Description Both sexes. Head shape as in Figure 12; temples not flaring significantly, and without distinct corner at mts1. Marginal carina broad, widening near frons, with irregular inner margin and clear attendant canals to at least some preantennal setae. Preantennal nodi large, connected to marginal carina by narrow neck. Coni broad, blunt, with a tendency in some specimens to curve slightly medianly (Figure 19). Antennae sexually monomorphic. Head chaetotaxy as in Figure 20; s 1–6 present in male, but only s1–3 present in female; os sexually monomorphic; mts5 microseta in both sexes. Thoracic segments as in Figures 18–19. Proepimera fused medianly, mesofurcal pit sublateral. One sternal seta on each side of both meso- and metathorax, no thoracic sternal plates. Pterothoracic setae sparse; lpts and ipts widely separated, smns and mpts absent. Abdominal segments and chaetotaxy as in Figures 18–19; tergopleurites sexually dimorphic. Paratergal plates poorly demarcated in both sexes, and illustrated approximately. Sternal plates absent in both sexes. Measurements as in Table 1. Male. Tergopleurites II–VIII reduced, widely separated medianly (Figure 18). Abdominal chaetotaxy sparse, without tps or setal rows on all segments. Tergopleurite IX elongated, with median hook-like extension, not overlapping central tergopleurite X. Subgenital plate not clearly demarcated in examined specimen, and not illustrated; presumably similar in shape and size to those of other species in the genus. Male genitalia simple, solenoid, with faint wing-like extensions on distal ends which may be part of genitalia. Female. Tergopleurites II–VIII elongated (Figure 19). Abdominal chaetotaxy sparse, without tps or setal rows on all segments. Tergopleurites IX–XI fused, proximal margin indented medianly. Subgenital plate poorly sclerotised, seemingly as broad, medianly continuous sclerite at vulval margin (Figure 22). Vulval margin rounded, with chaetotaxy as in Figure 22. Subvulval plates absent or poorly sclerotised. Material examined Non-types (erroneously marked ̍Neoparatypes̾). 1♂, 1♀, Wroclaw Zoo, Poland, 3 May 1975, BM1993-8, NHMUK010575871–2 (NHML). Remarks Goniocotes rectangulatus has been reported rarely but regularly over the last 100 years (eg Roman-Bolelli 1947; Rékási 1993), but no description or illustration of this species has been published since von Kéler (1940). As von Kéler (1940) only illustrated the female, it is possible that some published records refer to either of the species of Pavoniocotes described above. As discussed in more detail below, Clay confused G. rectangulatus and G. mayuri, and this confusion may have been more widespread. However, the lack of illustrations or photos in most reports preclude an assessment of whether these reports are correct. The identity of G. rectangulatus is not straightforward. Nitzsch (1818) and Burmeister (1838) only mentioned the name, without making any attempt to describe it. The first description is therefore in Giebel (1866), who published Nitzsch̾s Latin manuscript; the author is thus Nitzsch. Giebel (1874) published a German description of the species, but the combination of characters given in these two descriptions do not fit well with either Goniocotes found on peafowls or the group here described as Pavoniocotes gen. nov. Nitzsch [in Giebel] (1866) described the temples as ̍[a] ngulis [...] exactis rectis ̾ [= exact right angles], and Giebel (1874) wrote that the temples are ̍rechtwinklig, aber nicht scharf̾ [= right angles, but not sharp]. This fits with males of Pavoniocotes parviceps (Figure 26), but not with G. rectangulatus (Figure 20). However, Giebel (1866) and Giebel (1874) both write that the antennae are sexually monomorphic, which fits with G. rectangulatus (Figures 18–19), but not with P. parviceps (Figures 26–27). The species illustrated by von Kéler (1940) does not have temples that are ̍exact right angles̾, but only females were in Nitzsch̾s collection at the time Kéler examined it, and Kéler does not comment on the dimorphism of the antennae; however, Kéler̾s placement of this species in ̍ Goniocotinae ̾ implies that the antennae are sexually monomorphic, as this is a character of this subfamily. Conceivably, Nitzsch may have had access to additional specimens, which were lost by the time Kéler examined the collection. Nitzsch̾s collection may even have included some males of P. parvifrons, on which he may have based the description of the temples and, presumably, the name ̍ rectangulatus ̾. Nevertheless, Kéler̾s description and illustration is based on one of the specimens identified by Nitzsch and Giebel as G. rectangulatus, and this constitutes the only detailed published illustration of this species to date. This is thus presumably the species that has been identified by researchers as G. rectangulatus since at least 1940. Neither Nitzsch, Giebel, nor Kéler designated any holotype or lectotype, but von Kéler (1940) designated ̍2 complete and 1 damaged ♀ ̾ as (syn)types. Lakshminarayana and Emerson (1971) and Nasser et al. (2015) claimed that the syntypes were lost, and the specimens we have examined are labelled ̍Neoparatypes̾. It is unclear where this designation originated. The collection locality (Wroclaw, Poland), date and host are written in J. Złotorzycka̾s handwriting and style. However, the identification label is from the ZSI, and signed by K.V. Lakshminarayana. The lice were collected in 1975, but integrated into the collection of the NHMUK in 1993, where they are now the only specimens of G. rectangulatus [see Lakshminarayana and Emerson (1971) on the identity of specimens with this name from the Piaget collection]. Notably, neither Złotorzycka̾s collection at MNHW nor the collection at the ZSI contains any neotypes of this species (Lakshminarayana 1982; Jałoszynski et al. 2014; Sheela et al. 2015), and we have not found any publication in which either Lakshminarayana or Złotorzycka designated neotypes of G. rectangulatus. Moreover, Złotorzycka and Modrzejewska (1988) did not list G. rectangulatus in their catalogue of Polish lice. Regardless of where this neotype designation was published, it was superfluous. The Halle collection, where most of the specimens examined by Nitzsch and Giebel were stored, was largely destroyed during World War II (eg Clay 1949; Hopkins and Clay 1955; Palma and Pilgrim 1984), but some specimens survived as they were not at the museum during the bombing. This supposedly includes the specimens listed by Clay and Hopkins (1955) as well as those listed by Kéler (1941); the latter list includes three females of G. rectangulatus that Kéler indicate are the types. Dr Hendrik Müller (in litt.) at the ZNS has confirmed that the specimens are still in that collection and provided some photos of the three remaining specimens (Figure 23). These are the same specimens as those examined by von Kéler (1940), and thus constitute the only remaining syntypes of G. rectangulatus. These specimens appear to represent a typical species of Goniocotes, indicating that at least since von Kéler (1940) examined these specimens, there has been no mixture of species in the type series; there is therefore no need to select a lectotype. Goniocotes rectangulatus is the only member of Goniocotes known from any host in the genus Pavo (Price et al. 2003). Two species of Goniocotes s. lat. are known from the Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis), which are the closest relatives of Pavo (Wang et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2021; Kimball et al. 2021). However, the lice of Congo peafowl are morphologically distinct (Clay 1938), and likely do not belong in Goniocotes. Given the paucity of verified records of Goniocotes on peafowls, G. rectangulatus may represent a straggler to P. cristatus from an unknown host; among the other species of Goniocotes we have examined (DRG, in prep.), none are particularly close to G. rectangulatus, but most species in the genus have not been re-examined. A general revision of Goniocotes is needed to address this issue.Published as part of Gustafsson, Daniel R., Grossi, Alexandra A., Ren, Mengjiao & Zou, Fasheng, 2023, The Goniodidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of peafowl (Aves: Galliformes: Pavo), with description of a new genus, pp. 996-1048 in Journal of Natural History 57 (17 - 20) on pages 1016-1022, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2226375, http://zenodo.org/record/827079
A Compact Inset Coupled-Fed Triangular Patch Antenna For Wideband 5G Applications
Full text linkFor 5G applications, a compact inset coupled-fed high bandwidth triangle antenna is demonstrated. A large bandwidth can be achieved by combining the inset and coupling feeding with a triangle-shaped patch. With a VSWR of less than 2, the suggested antenna's working frequency of 3.6 GHz spans the frequency range needed for 5G applications, which is between 2.8 and 5.6 GHz. The primary characteristics of the suggested antenna are its smaller dimensions (20.5 × 17.5 mm2) and about 35% increased bandwidth. Significant factors that match the simulated results exactly are S11, radiation pattern, radiation efficiency, and peak gain in the proceeding of the proposed antenna. With the addition of two parallel rectangular strips with a triangular-shaped patch, the antenna is capable to achieve 40% reductions in size, 81.74% radiation efficiency, and 2.61 dB peak gain for the suggested antenna. With a center frequency of 3.6 GHz and a reflection coefficient of 28.6 dB, the fractional bandwidth is 66.67% (2.8 GHz to 5.6 GHz). With a smaller surface wave and an excellent omnidirectional radiation pattern, the antenna's inset coupling feeding arrangement makes it appropriate for Sub-GHz 5G applications.
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Do small effects matter more in vulnerable populations? an investigation using Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts
Full text linkPeacock JL, Diaz Coto S, Rees JR, et al. Do small effects matter more in vulnerable populations? an investigation using Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1): 2655.BACKGROUND: A major challenge in epidemiology is knowing when an exposure effect is large enough to be clinically important, in particular how to interpret a difference in mean outcome in unexposed/exposed groups. Where it can be calculated, the proportion/percentage beyond a suitable cut-point is useful in defining individuals at high risk to give a more meaningful outcome. In this simulation study we compute differences in outcome means and proportions that arise from hypothetical small effects in vulnerable sub-populations.; METHODS: Data from over 28,000 mother/child pairs belonging to the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program were used to examine the impact of hypothetical environmental exposures on mean birthweight, and low birthweight (LBW) (birthweight<2500g). We computed mean birthweight in unexposed/exposed groups by sociodemographic categories (maternal education, health insurance, race, ethnicity) using a range of hypothetical exposure effect sizes. We compared the difference in mean birthweight and the percentage LBW, calculated using a distributional approach.; RESULTS: When the hypothetical mean exposure effect was fixed (at 50, 125, 167 or 250g), the absolute difference in % LBW (risk difference) was not constant but varied by socioeconomic categories. The risk differences were greater in sub-populations with the highest baseline percentages LBW: ranging from 3.1-5.3 percentage points for exposure effect of 125g. Similar patterns were seen for other mean exposure sizes simulated.; CONCLUSIONS: Vulnerable sub-populations with greater baseline percentages at high risk fare worse when exposed to a small insult compared to the general population. This illustrates another facet of health disparity in vulnerable individuals. © 2024. The Author(s)
Community-based risk management arrangements : an overview and implications for social fund programs
Full text linkRisk and its consequences pose a formidable threat to poverty reduction efforts. This study reviews a plethora of community-based risk management arrangements across the developing world. These types of arrangements are garnering greater interest in light of the growing recognition of the relative prominence of household or individual-specific idiosyncratic risk as well as the increasing shift towards community-based development funding. The study discusses potential advantages (such as targeting, cost, and informational) and disadvantages (such as exclusion and inability to manage correlated risk) of these arrangements, and their implications for the design of innovative social fund programs.Rural Poverty Reduction,Labor Policies,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Currencies and Exchange Rates,Debt Markets
A Novel Compact CPW-fed Octagonal-Shaped Slotted Antenna for UWB Applications
Full text linkA size-reduced CPW-fed Ultra-Wideband (UWB) octagonal-shaped patch antenna with a combination of multiple slots designed for UWB applications is proposed here. The proposed low-profile antenna includes three equalsized slots in an octagonal radiating patch. Moreover, better matching is provided by the feedline's U-shaped slots. A new combination of CPW configuration with a slotted octagonal patch increases bandwidth and reduces antenna size. The fabricated prototype of this octagonal-shaped antenna is situated on a basic FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of εr = 4.3. The suggested antenna's substrate size measures 15 x 21 x 1.6 mm3 and has an 8.8 GHz overall bandwidth, which includes the frequency range of 3 GHz to 11.8 GHz. Variations in gain range from 1.3 to 3.2 dB, with an average overall efficiency above 81 %. This antenna has been fabricated and successfully validated with simulated results. Other features include its compactness, directivity, realized gain, and stable radiation properties across the entire operating band, proving its effectiveness
