148 research outputs found
Essays on legitimacy in the information systems context
No full textThe first essay focuses on technology firms in the sharing economy and attempts to
enrich our understanding of actions organizations take to gain legitimacy in this specific
context. I draw upon literature in institutional theory that explains legitimacy and
legitimation. News stories about one sharing economy organization’s actions are used to
construct a typology of legitimation strategies from the ground up. The literature review and
bringing together of theoretical legitimation strategies in itself can potentially help future
research on legitimation. The operationalization of these strategies in practice in the sharing
economy context contributes to literature in information systems.
The second essay focuses on legitimacy repair following a data breach. Legitimacy
issues arise when audiences probe an organization’s behavior during crisis events. A data
breach is one such crisis event. A data breach might lead to unauthorized access of private
individual data that might be put to illicit use, increasing the potential for harm. Since internal
security practices are a mystery to external stakeholders, the firm is subjected to scrutiny,
raising questions about its security practices. Given the negative repercussions that a firm
might face, I examine whether subsequent positive actions can serve to mitigate them. Using
data from a well-known repository of data breaches and news of firm actions following a
breach, I find that positive sentiment about security practices in news media helps to lower
market repercussions.Doctor of Philosoph
The Influence of Temporal Focus on Employee Preferences in Cybersecurity Training
No full textThis study investigates the impact of employees\u27 temporal focus on the effectiveness of Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) programs in organizations. Drawing on Construal Level Theory, the research examines the relationship between temporal focus, level of abstraction in information processing, and preferences for tactical or strategic cybersecurity training. Findings confirm that employees with a present temporal focus prefer tactical training, while those with a future temporal focus prefer strategic training. Concrete cybersecurity cognition mediates the relationship between present temporal focus and tactical training preference, while abstract cybersecurity cognition mediates the relationship between future temporal focus and strategic training preference. Results emphasize the importance of understanding individual preferences when designing and delivering cybersecurity training programs to maximize engagement. The study contributes to the SETA literature
Role Of Variant Sialylation In Regulating Tumor Cell Behavior
No full textMany different tumors have been documented to have elevated levels of the enzyme ST6Gal I, a Golgi glycosyltransferase that adds α2-6 sialic acids to glycoproteins. Concurrently, upregulated ST6Gal I is associated with metastasis and poor patient prognosis. We initially showed that HD3 colonocytes made to express oncogenic-ras, a common mutation in colon carcinoma, have increased expression of ST6Gal I and elevated α2-6 sialylated integrins. Having established that ras regulates ST6Gal I expression in colon epithelial cells, we found that colonocytes carrying hyper α2-6 sialylated β1 integrins exhibit increased adhesion to and migration toward collagen I. Further, we found that β1 integrins in human colon adenocarcinoma samples consistently carry higher levels of α2-6 sialic acids. These results led us to hypothesize that hypersialylated β1 integrins may have a role in augmenting tumor progression by affecting cell adhesion and motility. To determine whether the effects of oncogenic ras on cell behavior were mediated via upregulated ST6Gal I and consequent hypersialylation of β1 integrins, we individually manipulated ras and ST6Gal I levels in HD3 colonocytes. These cells were engineered to express oncogenic ras with high and low ST6Gal I levels. Initially we confirmed that shRNA mediated dowregulation of ST6Gal I in HD3 cells having oncogenic-ras intact leads to decreased α2-6 sialylation of β1 integrins. We found that cells with diminished integrin sialylation show decreased in vitro invasiveness and impaired binding to and migration toward collagen I, as compared iii with oncogenic-ras expressing HD3 cells that have high ST6Gal I. We also found that ST6Gal I can protect against apoptosis. Specifically, while downregulating ST6Gal I in HD3 cells restored the sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli, forced ST6Gal I expression in SW48 cells actually protected cells from entering the apoptotic cascade. This finding, to our knowledge, represents a novel function attributable to ST6Gal I. Taken together, results presented in this dissertation establish that altered sialylation of surface glycoprotein receptors in general, and β1 integrins in particular, plays a direct role in regulating tumor cell behavior
Information Security Risk Assessments following Cybersecurity Breaches : The Mediating Role of Top Management Attention to Cybersecurity
No full textInformation Systems (IS) research on managerial response to cybersecurity breaches has largely focused on externally oriented actions such as customer redressal and crisis response. Within the firm itself, a breach may be a symptom of systematic problems, and a narrow, siloed focus on only fixing immediate issues through technical fixes and controls might preclude other managerial actions to ensure future cybersecurity. Towards this end, Information Security Risk Assessments (ISRA) can help surface other vulnerabilities following a breach. While the role of governance in such exercises is emphasized in standards, it is undertheorized in IS research and lacks empirical evidence. We draw on the attention-based view to theorize that the principles of focus of attention, structural distribution of attention, and situated attention can lead to the top management team (TMT) according greater attention to cybersecurity following relatively high breach costs. Using firm level data, we find that high breach costs result in greater TMT attention to cybersecurity, while also making it more likely that firms will carry out an ISRA. Moreover, TMT attention to cybersecurity partially mediates the relation between breach costs and the decision to carry out an ISRA. We theorize that this is because the TMT is best positioned to oversee resource allocation, consider business implications, and centrally orchestrate an ISRA. Our findings stress the need for the cybersecurity function to work with the TMT in managing breach response.peerReviewe
Pitching it Right: Legitimation Strategies in Initial Coin Offerings
No full textICOs have recently emerged as a promising mechanism for raising capital for blockchain based technology start-ups. However, due to their unregulated nature, actual operation has been fraught with challenges including frauds and security breaches leading to loss of investor money. We investigate how the entrepreneurs behind them legitimate their enterprises in this emerging funding system. By analyzing over 4000 start-up pitches to investors, we investigate whether competing emphases on isomorphic adaptation, strategic affiliation and theorization in the quest to achieve legitimacy help startups achieve their ICO funding goals. Our investigation contributes to the nascent literature on ICO success and potentially uncovers useful insights on how very early stage companies manage investor perceptions to obtain funding necessary for survival
Job Satisfaction Following Turnover and the Moderating Role of Past Job Satisfaction for IT Professionals
No full textOrganizational Learning from Cybersecurity Performance : Effects on Cybersecurity Investment Decisions
No full textIS literature has identified various economic, performance, and environmental factors affecting cybersecurity investment decisions. However, economic modeling approaches dominate, and research on cybersecurity performance as an antecedent to investments has taken a backseat. Neglecting the role of performance indicators ignores real-world concerns driving actual cybersecurity investment decision-making. We investigate two critical aspects of cybersecurity performance: breach costs and breach identification source, as antecedents to cybersecurity investment decisions. We use organizational learning to theorize how performance feedback from these two aspects of cybersecurity breaches influences subsequent investment decisions. Using firm-level data on 722 firms in the UK, we find that higher breach costs are more likely to elicit increases in cybersecurity investments. This relationship is further strengthened if a third party identifies the breach instead of the focal firm. We contribute to the literature on cybersecurity investments and incident response. The findings stress the need for firms to analyze aspects of their cybersecurity performance and use them as feedback for investment decisions, making these decisions data-driven and based on firm-specific needs.peerReviewe
ROLE OF ICT IN REVIEW OF ACCREDITATION, ASSESSMENT AND ACADEMIC AUDIT IN TODAY'S HIGHER EDUCATION
No full text<p>:<br>The ICTis the need of the hour for quality assurance in Higher Education as it<br>fastens the process of assessment and audit with greater transparency. It is a model that<br>can be used in assessing the quality of education in Colleges of the University. The<br>procedure of this study uses the techniques of research and development with the<br>following steps: (i) development of ICT model (ii) analysis of the model impact on the<br>performance of the affiliated colleges. The overall quality assurance framework<br>followed by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) incorporates<br>elements of all the three basic approaches to quality assurance – accreditation,<br>assessment and academic audit. NAAC accredits institutions and certifies for the<br>educational quality of the institution. It also goes beyond the certification and provides<br>an assessment that classifies an institution on a nine-point scale indicating where the<br>institution stands in the quality continuum. This paper focus on the first two criterions<br>identified by NAAC to serve as the basis for its assessment procedure: Curricular<br>Aspects Criterion, Teaching Learning and Evaluation</p>
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Metoclopramide-induced acute dystonic reaction: A case report
No full textMetoclopramide, a common antiemetic, is associated with extrapyramidal side effects. This case report describes a 19-year-old male with dengue fever who developed involuntary muscle contractions and respiratory distress two hours after receiving intravenous metoclopramide for nausea. Despite the rare incidence (0.2% of users), the patient exhibited severe extrapyramidal symptoms, which were managed with procyclidine. The case emphasizes the need for vigilance in monitoring patients receiving metoclopramide, as early recognition and treatment of such reactions are critical to prevent complications. Clinicians should be aware of these potential side effects when prescribing metoclopramide, especially in vulnerable populations
Legitimacy Strategies in the Sharing Economy: The Case of Uber
No full textCompanies in the sharing economy represent new organizational forms that are based on novel institutional logics and innovative ways of resource acquisition. We investigate the process of legitimation of such new kinds of organizations in an emerging fie
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