86 research outputs found
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#1 - The New Borders with Dr. Ayelet Shachar
No full textIn the inaugural episode, Ben speaks with Dr. Ayelet Shachar, Professor of Law, Political Science and Global Affairs at the University of Toronto, and author of The Shifting Border: Legal Cartographies of Migration and Mobility, on what borders mean in the 21st century for sovereignty and human rights
sj-docx-1-opp-10.1177_10781552221074007 - Supplemental material for Pro-BNP in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: Case Report
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-opp-10.1177_10781552221074007 for Pro-BNP in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea in patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: Case Report by Jalal Baranseh, Anton Ouryvaev and
Gassan Moady, Ayelet Shai in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice</p
HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Prospects
No full textYelena Shirman, Shlomit Lubovsky, Ayelet Shai Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, IsraelCorrespondence: Ayelet Shai, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, PO Box 9602, Haifa, 3109601, Israel, Tel +972-47776400, Email [email protected]: More than 50% of breast cancers are currently defined as “Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low breast cancer (BC)”, with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of +1 or +2 with a negative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test. In most studies that compared the clinical and biological characteristics of HER2-low BC with HER2-negative BC, HER2-low was not associated with unique clinical and molecular characteristics, and it seems that the importance of HER2 in these tumors is being a docking site for the antibody portion of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Current pathological methods may underestimate the proportion of BCs that express low levels of HER2 due to analytical limitations and tumor heterogeneity. In this review we summarize and contextualize the most recent literature on HER2-low breast cancers, including clinical and translational studies We also review the challenges of assessing low HER2 expression in BC and discuss the current and future therapeutic landscape for these tumors.Keywords: HER2-low, ERBB2 low, breast cancer, HER2 targeted therapy, trastuzumab, trastuzumab-deruxtecan, T-DX
The CTLA-4 rs231775 GG genotype is associated with favorable 90-day survival in Caucasian patients with sepsis
No full textCytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a surface protein on T cells, that has an inhibitory effect on the host immune reaction and prevents overreaction of the immune system. Because the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs231775 of the CTLA-4 gene is associated with autoimmune diseases and because of the critical role of the immune reaction in sepsis, we intended to examine the effect of this polymorphism on survival in patients with sepsis. 644 septic adult Caucasian patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were followed up for 90 days. Mortality risk within this period was defined as primary outcome parameter. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significantly lower 90-day mortality risk among GG homozygous patients (n = 101) than among A allele carriers (n = 543; 22% and 32%, respectively; p = 0.03565). Furthermore, the CTLA-4 rs231775 GG genotype remained a significant covariate for 90-day mortality risk after controlling for confounders in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio: 0.624; 95% CI: 0.399–0.975; p = 0.03858). In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence for CTLA-4 rs231775 as a prognostic variable for the survival of patients with sepsis and emphasizes the need for further research to reveal potential functional associations between CTLA-4 and the immune pathophysiology of sepsis
The SIL Gene Is Essential for Mitotic Entry and Survival of Cancer Cells
No full textAlthough mitosis is a general physiologic process, cancer cells are unusually sensitive to mitotic inhibitors. Therefore, there is an interest in the identification of novel mitotic inhibitors. Here, we report the novel discovery of the SIL gene as a regulator of mitotic entry and cell survival. The SIL gene was cloned from leukemia-associated chromosomal translocation. It encodes a cytosolic protein with an unknown function and no homology to known proteins. Previously, we observed an increased expression of SIL in multiple cancers that correlated with the expression of mitotic spindle checkpoint genes and with increased metastatic potential. Here, we show that SIL is important for the transition from the G2 to the M phases of the cell cycle. Inducible knockdown of SIL in cancer cells in vitro delayed entrance into mitosis, decreased activation of the CDK1 (CDC2)-cyclin B complex, and induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. SIL is also essential for the growth of tumor explants in mice. Thus, SIL is required for mitotic entry and cancer cell survival. Because increased expression of SIL has been noted in multiple types of cancers and correlates with metastatic spread, it may be a suitable target for novel anticancer therapy. ©2007 American Association for Cancer Research
Ancient Urban Ecology Reconstructed from Archaeozoological Remains of Small Mammals in the Near East
Full text linkAcknowledgments We especially thank the many archaeologists who collaborated closely with our project and invested pioneering efforts in intensive fine-scale retrieval of the archaeozoological samples that provided the basis for this study: Shai Bar, Amnon Ben-Tor, Amit Dagan, Yosef Garfinkel, Ayelet Gilboa, Zvi Greenhut, Amihai Mazar, Stefan Munger, Ronny Reich, Itzhaq Shai, Ilan Sharon, Joe Uziel, Sharon Zuckerman, and additional key excavation personnel who were instrumental in collection of the samples or in assisting the work including: Shimrit Bechar, Jacob Dunn, Norma Franklin, Egon Lass and Yiftah Shalev. Funding:The research was funded by a post-doctoral grant awarded to L.W. from the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007e2013)/ERC grant agreement number 229418. The laboratory work was also supported by funding by the Israel Science Foundation (Grant 52/10). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe
Acquired selective IgA deficiency induced by dietary bovine IgA
No full textSelective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) is the most common immunodeficiency in humans. Auto-reactive antibodies to human IgA are found in the serum of 20-40% of individuals with sIgAD. It is unknown whether these antibodies play a role in the pathogenesis of this immunodeficiency, and most researchers believe that they are secondary to the onset of sIgAD. However, it is possible that in these individuals, the anti-IgA antibodies are in fact responsible for the removal of IgA from serum, and are originally generated against xenogeneic IgA. To examine this hypothesis, the presence of anti-bovine and anti-human IgA antibodies was tested by ELISA in serum samples from IgA-deficient and control individuals. All 14 of the IgA-deficient individuals that were tested had IgG anti-bovine IgA antibodies (100%), whereas only 8 had IgG anti-human IgA antibodies (57%). Individuals with both anti-bovine and anti-human IgA antibodies always had a higher titre against bovine IgA than against human IgA. Of 18 control individuals who have normal serum levels of IgA and no anti-human IgA antibodies, a surprisingly high proportion (61%) had IgG anti-bovine IgA antibodies in their serum. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the anti-human IgA antibodies found in IgA-deficient individuals are originally produced against xenogeneic IgA, specifically bovine IgA found in dietary beef products. These antibodies can be found in many normal individuals, but only those that cross-react with endogenous human IgA will lead to the removal of IgA from circulation, and to sIgAD. Thus, sIgAD with anti-IgA antibodies is an acquired immunodeficiency, initiated by cross-reactive antibodies consumed in the diet.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-32)
Conceptualizing cognitive-behavioral supervision: an exploratory study of supervising psychologists
No full textAlthough supervision plays a key role in the training of psychologists and in improving adherence to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), there is a scarcity of systematic knowledge on the supervision of CBT therapists. In response, Judith Beck’s supervision model has been a valuable development. However, there remains a dearth of research on the supervision practices of doctoral-level CBT supervisors in the field, and whether they adhere to Beck’s model. The current exploratory study investigated the practices of doctoral-level CBT supervisors along the following five dimensions: (a) the structure of CBT supervision, (b) attending to supervisees’ emotions, thoughts and behaviors, (c) relationship factors, (d) evaluation of supervisees, and (e) self-evaluation. In addition, this study assessed the extent to which supervisors followed Beck’s supervision model. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 experienced doctoral-level CBT supervisors. The participants had a median of 10 years of experience as CBT supervisors and 70% attained Diplomate or Fellow Certification with the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. The interviews were analyzed using a content analysis approach based on the five major topic domains outlined above. Case examples were also provided to further illustrate the supervision practices of three individual supervisors. Findings indicated that the supervision practices of supervisors in this sample were very similar along the five dimensions, and were also mostly consistent with Beck’s supervision model. More specifically, supervisors described their supervision structure as mirroring CBT therapy sessions (e.g., check-in, agenda setting, and problem solving); emphasized attending to supervisee’s thoughts if they interfere with the patient’s treatment; and stressed the importance of creating a collaborative and collegial relationship with supervisees. On the other hand, supervisors did not generally listen to entire therapy tapes and use rating scales to assess therapy sessions due to time constraints. Moreover, supervisors emphasized the importance of attending to supervisees’ emotions in supervision as well as the importance of increasing autonomy in CBT supervision, neither of which are explicitly discussed in Beck’s supervision model. Implications for future research are discussed, along with recommendations for CBT supervisors and training programs.Psy. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Ayelet Katta
Sil overexpression in lung cancer characterizes tumors with increased mitotic activity
No full textSil (SCL interrupting locus) was cloned from the most common chromosomal rearrangement in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is an immediate early gene whose expression is associated with cell proliferation. Sil protein levels are tightly regulated during the cell cycle, reaching peak levels in mitosis and disappearing on transition to G1. A recent study found Sil to be one of 17 genes whose overexpression in primary adenocarcinomas predicts metastatic spread. We hypothesized that Sil might have a role in carcinogenesis. To address this question, we utilized several approaches. Using a multitumor tissue array, we found that Sil protein expression was increased mostly in lung cancer, but also at lower levels, in a subset of other tumors. Microarray gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry of lung cancer samples verified these observations. Sil gene expression in lung cancer correlated with the expression of several kinetochore check-point genes and with the histopathologic mitotic index. These observations suggest that overexpression of the Sil gene characterizes tumors with increased mitotic activity
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S1E3: Rights at the Border
No full textThe right to seek and enjoy asylum has never been more important than in today’s global landscape. At the same time, countries have never been more committed to finding increasingly creative ways to avoid having to take in refugees. Today on Entitled, we discuss the right to asylum and what our rights are at the border of another country. We know the movement of distressed migrants at sea and nations’ borders is the cause for a lot of human tragedy. Are borders necessary – can we conceive of them in a different way? What duties should nations have to assist these migrants?Joining Professors Claudia Flores and Tom Ginsburg this week are Nina Kerkebane, an Algerian asylee and an entering graduate student at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy; Ayelet Shachar, author of The Birthright Lottery: Citizenship and Global Inequality; Maya Elzinga-Soumah, Senior Legal Associate with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in Aruba and Curaçao; and Itamar Mann, Director of the Global Legal Action Network and a Senior Lecturer at the University of Haifa Faculty of Law.</p
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