1,722,943 research outputs found
Simultaneous heat and mass transport with phase change in insulated structures
Full text linkThesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1984.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.Includes bibliographical references.by Shahryar Motakef.Ph.D
Case on System Performance Improvement
Full text linkPerformance improvement is a formal approach to the analysis of service operations and systematic effort for improvement. System performance improvement is also an ongoing effort to make performance better which might be in industry. The aim of this case is to improvement performance of the S.M Enterprise Company which the manager based on their
good location, system effort and investments believes that their performance can be much higher than the current situation
Replication Data for: "Keeping Friends Close, But Enemies Closer: Foreign Aid Responses to Natural Disasters"
No full textThis repository contains replication materials for the paper, "Keeping Friends Close, But Enemies Closer: Foreign Aid Responses to Natural Disasters" in the British Journal of Political Science. See the README.html for instructions. Replication materials are also available at: https://github.com/s7minhas/ForeignAid
HOW CAN SMART SYSTEMS AFFECT ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY?
No full textThis work seeks new methodologies and solutions to control indoor environment through smart systems. In this context it is important that the cities and buildings undergo a smart assessment to improve comfort condition and control environmental. It should be considered to adapt existing and new buildings with advanced and smart systems which means to use new solutions and most efficient ways aiming at users’ requirements in terms of environmental factors (thermal, lighting and acoustics comfort) in a new modulation with essential needs. The concept of smart systems in architecture and construction are supposed to be supplied with renewable sources and smart devices integrated into buildings. Not only does this work represent how smart systems can lead to optimize energy and reach Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in the buildings but also causes unique social awareness in order to clarify the use of these devices in architecture. In this work we examine to integrate smart systems to apply an existing office building on workplace level which consumes more energy than determined in standards
Correction: Using artificial intelligence to predict post-operative outcomes in congenital heart surgeries: a systematic review
No full textThe original publication of this article [1] contained an incorrect author name Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi. The incorrect and correct information is listed in this correction article, the original article has been updated.</p
Less Explored Aspects of Disfluency: Consumer Judgment and Decision Making
Full text linkExtensive research has explored how disfluency affects product judgments and evaluations across various consumption domains such as brand evaluation, price perception, and choice deferral. Generally, experiencing disfluency leads to less favorable judgments and evaluations, often resulting in a delay in decision-making. These effects occur because individuals tend to attribute the negative feeling of difficulty processing information to their evaluation of the product itself. While the role of disfluency in consumer judgments and product evaluation has been well-documented, certain aspects of disfluency have received less attention in the context of consumer choice.
In Chapter 1, I examined the social aspect of subjective disfluency, specifically the gender of a voice. The aim was to determine whether individuals’ perception of a digital voice assistant’s gender would affect their judgment of a product described by gender-ambiguous voices compared to gender-obvious voices. The findings revealed that people responded unfavorably when assessing products described by narrators with voices that were not clearly identifiable as male or female. This negative reaction stemmed from a sense of discomfort associated with the challenge of determining the narrator’s gender, referred to as social disfluency. The negative effect was primarily attributed to a lack of familiarity with gender-ambiguous voices, as they are less commonly encountered in daily life, rather than social categorization or prejudice against LGBTQ individuals. However, the results indicated that increased exposure to gender-ambiguous voices could help overcome initial negative reactions.
In Chapter 2, I aimed to examine the role of subjective disfluency in consumer information processing styles. In contrast to previous findings on the association between disfluency and dual processing modes, this research demonstrated that disfluency leads consumers to simplify complex decisions by relying on mental shortcuts, known as heuristics, rather than engaging in systematic processing of all available information. When information is disfluent and difficult to process, consumers tend to rely more heavily on heuristic product attributes such as brand, country of origin, or recommendations. This tendency to rely on heuristics in the face of disfluency is particularly prominent among fast and effortless decision-makers; however, the effect vanishes when they are informed about the source of disfluency.
Finally, in Chapter 3, I investigated the role of framing information as promotion- or prevention-focused in consumer purchase decisions when subjective difficulty in processing information is present. This research aimed to demonstrate the benefits of framing information as promotion benefits (rather than prevention benefits) under conditions of subjective difficulty, drawing upon regulatory focus theory. It was predicted that when information is hard to process, individuals are more likely to rely on prevention-based information about products to justify their decision to reject. As a result of regulatory mismatch under disfluency, featuring promotion-focused claims reduces choice deferral compared to prevention-based information, which increases regulatory fit.
Overall, these studies shed light on different aspects of disfluency in judgment and decision-making, examining the impact of gender-ambiguous voices, heuristic processing under the feeling of disfluency, and the role of message framing effects on consumer evaluations and choices
Network Competition and Civilian Targeting During Civil Conflict
No full textReplication files for BJPS article "Network Competition and Civilian Targeting During Civil Conflict." Cassy Dorff, Max Gallop and Shahryar Minhas
Smart Workplace. Micro-Climatization and Real-Time Digitalization Effects on Energy Efficiency Based in User Behavior
No full textSmart Workplace. Micro-Climatizzazione e digitalizzazione in Real-Time: effetti
sull’efficienza energetica nei luoghi di lavoro in relazione al comportamento d'utenza.
La previsione di sistemi intelligenti di gestione energetica degli edifici - in particolare nei
luoghi di lavoro - e l'utilizzo di building information modeling (BIM) in abbinamento a sistemi
di sensori intelligenti, sono accreditati come strumenti di prezioso potenziale risparmio
energetico. In questo quadro, tuttavia, per un architetto l’obiettivo principale è la
comprensione dell’importanza, del funzionamento e dello sviluppo dei sistemi di
digitalizzazione in tempo reale e di micro-climatizzazione utilizzabili.
I sistemi di gestione intelligenti (IMSS) presentano infatti un notevole potenziale di
risparmio energetico, ma non sono stati ancora pienamente applicati né agli edifici né
tantomeno a scala urbana.
Lo studio delle abitudini d’utenza sui posti di lavoro ha evidenziato come l’impiego di
sistemi di sensori intelligenti per il controllo della qualità ambientale possa divenire un
validissimo strumento per migliorare la qualità interna ambientale (IEQ) e così garantire un
elevato comfort di utilizzo. Per la massima efficacia/applicabilità di queste strategie è stata
condotta un’analisi sul rapporto costi-benefici che ha evidenziato la necessità di prevedere
la scelta di tecnologie non eccessivamente sofisticate per quanto ad alte prestazioni.
Il presente studio si è posto quindi come obiettivo di minimizzare il consumo di energia
e – attraverso la comprensione e la memorizzazione del comportamento dell’utenza - di
raggiungere il massimo comfort ambientale indoor. Per fare questo è stato parallelamente
creato e messo a punto un sistema di scambio dati in tempo reale (Real Time) per quanto
riguarda le funzioni delle tecnologie da impiegare. Tuttavia, il raggiungimento degli obiettivi
sopra illustrati con sistemi di sensori intelligenti, richiede l’impiego di strumenti di
simulazione digitale che svolgono un ruolo cruciale nella ricerca di soluzioni per problemi di
ottimizzazione.
Nonostante i progressi intervenuti nel campo delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della
comunicazione (ICTs), esistono ancora limitazioni - come ad esempio una limitata
possibilità di controllo e di monitoraggio delle condizioni ambientali - soprattutto se si
considera che efficaci sistemi di visualizzazione in tempo reale dei comportamenti degli
utenti non hanno ancora raggiunto piena maturità nella loro applicazione agli edifici.
Obiettivo di questo lavoro è quindi quello di presentare i principali progressi intervenuti
nell’ambito delle soluzioni di ottimizzazione del risparmio energetico ed in particolare delle
strategie gestionali energetiche basate su tecnologie ICT.
IV
In questo contesto, viene proposta la progettazione di algoritmi di intelligenza artificiale
(AI) e interfacce intelligenti messe a punto al fine di migliorare l'interazione tra utenti e il
sistema di gestione energetica degli edifici (BEMSs).
Il risultato della ricerca è lo sviluppo di un apparato di valutazione della qualità
ambientale interna dei luoghi di lavoro basato su sistemi Arduino. L’apparato progettato
permette la misurazione dell'umidità, della temperatura, la valutazione dei livelli sonori e
d’illuminazione sul posto di lavoro.
Il dispositivo può essere collegato ai computer degli utenti con un cavo micro-USB e
offre la possibilità di rilevare il grado di soddisfazione degli utenti del comfort indoor tramite
interfacce intelligenti e segnalazioni visive con luci a led.
Il comportamento degli utenti si presenta come un fattore determinante per la
progettazione di edifici ad alta efficienza: comportamenti diversificati possono condurre
infatti a sensibili variazioni del consumo di energia.
L’individuazione di comportamenti non energeticamente virtuosi devono essere rilevati
per porre in essere efficaci strategie di compensazione e ottimizzazione.
Questo lavoro cerca quindi di analizzare i modelli di comportamento degli utenti per
orientare verso nuovi comportamenti virtuosi che possono incidere sulle condizioni di
comfort e al contempo sull’efficienza energetica dello spazio.
Per questo è stata sviluppata un’interfaccia intelligente in grado di salvare dati e modelli
di comportamento degli utenti per migliorare il supporto per i futuri processi di adattamento.
Secondo le ricerche e i risultati del presente lavoro, destinatari privilegiati sembrano essere
diverse categorie di attori del processo e della gestione energetica dell’edificio. I risultati
paiono d’interesse sia per architetti che per ingegneri e utilizzatori, ma anche per esperti e
sviluppatori di building information modeling (BIM) e coloro che sono interessati a valutare
l'ambiente costruito .
Al fine di aumentare la consapevolezza del ruolo del comportamento degli utenti per
l’ottimizzazione delle condizioni di efficienza energetica e comfort, il lavoro propone anche
una strategia di combinazione di sistemi intelligenti open source (Arduino Systems) con
algoritmi di intelligenza artificiale e interfacce intelligenti.
La combinazione di tali programmi e sistemi con il building information modeling (BIM)
ambientali del tipo open-source è in grado di migliorare non solo il processo di costruzione,
ma anche di consentire l'esplorazione di approcci alternativi.
Il lavoro approfondisce inoltre la potenziale applicazione di un sistema di gestione
dell'energia del tipo smart micro scale a due ambienti di ufficio e si concentra sulla verifica
del potenziale di prestazioni offerte dall’integrazione di questi sistemi intelligenti e
sostenibili.
V
Spiega inoltre come il building information modeling (BIM) possa contribuire a facilitare
revisione dei medodi utilizzati e dei risultati ottenuti.
In conclusione, nel contesto della progettazione tecnologica, questo lavoro vuole
introdurre una metodologia basata su un smart approach connotato da logiche
comportamentali d’utenza. Logiche che, tradotte in algoritmi di ottimizzazione e abbinate a
sistemi intelligenti a basso costo, rendono possibile il superamento del divario tra i sistemi
di gestione degli edifici (BMSs) e gli utenti stessi.An approach to intelligent building energy management systems at the workplace level
has the potential to save energy through the use of building information modeling (BIM) and
smart sensor systems. Its development focuses on micro-climatization and real-time
digitalization systems from an architect’s point of view. Intelligent management systems
(IMSs) have significant potential for energy savings, but they have not been fully used in
buildings and cities. Smart sensor systems based on user behavior will improve indoor
environmental quality (IEQ) and user comfort. A cost-effective strategy has been
implemented by using a low-technology and high-performance approach.
This work aims to reduce energy consumption and provide comfort conditions by
learning user behavior. Furthermore, it seeks to create a real-time system with regard to the
functions of developed technologies. In order to improve energy efficiency and comfort
conditions, smart sensor systems and digital simulation tools play a crucial role in finding
optimal solutions to optimization problems.
Despite the progress in the field of information and communication technologies (ICTs),
they are still limitations such as limited control and monitoring of environmental conditions,
especially considering that real-time and effective visualization systems based on user
behavior are not yet fully mature in buildings. This work attempts to present the main
progress in the fields of cost-effective energy-saving solutions and effective energy
management strategies based on ICT-related technologies. In this context, the design of
artificial intelligence algorithms (AI) and intelligent user interfaces will be discussed in order
to enhance user interaction and building energy management system (BEMSs).
The research result is the development of an indoor quality apparatus based on Arduino
systems. This measures humidity, temperature, lighting, and sound levels at the workplace.
It can be connected to users’ computers with a micro-USB cable or power to detect whether
users are satisfied with the indoor climate via intelligent interfaces and alarm led lights.
User behavior is a driving factor for designing efficient buildings. It can lead to variations
in energy consumption. Detailed identification of gaps related to behavioral issues need to
be discovered and effective gap-filling strategies developed. This work attempts to analyze
user behavior patterns in order to adopt new behavior that can affect comfort conditions
and energy efficiency of a space effectively. Therefore, an intelligent interface has been
developed that can save data and user behavior patterns to improve support to future
adaptation processes. According to findings and results of the current work, it seems that a
wide range of architects, engineers, building users, building information modeling (BIM)
experts and those interested in assessing the built environment can be regarded as
stakeholders.
II
In order to raise awareness of the role of user behavior in energy efficiency and comfort
conditions, the work introduces a strategy of combining open source smart systems
(Arduino systems) with artificial intelligence algorithms and intelligence interfaces.
Furthermore, it emphasizes the fact that a combination of open-source environmental
programs and systems with building information modeling (BIM) can improve not only the
construction process but also enable exploration of alternative approaches.
The work discusses the potential application of a smart micro scale energy management
system to two office environments and focuses on the review of the potential performance
of integrated smart and sustainable systems. It also explains how building information
modeling (BIM) can help facilitate review of results and methods.
In the context of architectural technology, this work introduces an adopted intelligent
method approach employing users, optimization algorithms and low-cost smart systems for
bridging the gap between building management systems (BMSs) and users
Mining texts to efficiently generate global data on political regime types
No full textWe describe the design and results of an experiment in using text-mining and machine-learning techniques to generate annual measures of national political regime types. Valid and reliable measures of countries’ forms of national government are essential to cross-national and dynamic analysis of many phenomena of great interest to political scientists, including civil war, interstate war, democratization, and coups d’état. Unfortunately, traditional measures of regime type are very expensive to produce, and observations for ambiguous cases are often sharply contested. In this project, we train a series of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to infer regime type from textual data sources. To train the classifiers, we used vectorized textual reports from Freedom House and the State Department as features for a training set of prelabeled regime type data. To validate our SVM classifiers, we compare their predictions in an out-of-sample context, and the performance results across a variety of metrics (accuracy, precision, recall) are very high. The results of this project highlight the ability of these techniques to contribute to producing real-time data sources for use in political science that can also be routinely updated at much lower cost than human-coded data. To this end, we set up a text-processing pipeline that pulls updated textual data from selected sources, conducts feature extraction, and applies supervised machine learning methods to produce measures of regime type. This pipeline, written in Python, can be pulled from the Github repository associated with this project and easily extended as more data becomes available
- …
