61 research outputs found
The Mongolian Ideology of Tenggerism and Khubilai Khan
No full textThe article examines the main stages in the development of the Mongolian ideology of Tenggerism. The author proves that the final (Third) stage of Tenggerism began with the reign of Khubilai Khan who completed the creation of a world empire by the conquest of the whole of China. Unlike his predecessors, Khubilai Khan was less engaged in the conquests than in solving the problems of pacification and consolidation of a world empire. As a result, the Mongolian ideology of Tenggerism underwent great changes through the impulse of the Buddhist religious and political philosophy. The enhanced cult of the imperial court and the colorful ceremonies of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist tantric deities (such as Mahakala and Sitapatra), introduced by Khubilai Khan at the initiative of ‘Phags-pa Bla-ma, contained a demonstration of Buddhist god-like nature of a worldwide empire. If Tenggerism had legalized the world conquests of the Mongols, then Buddhism in its Tibetan form of Lamaism was subsequently revered in order to consecrate the peaceful domination of the thin Mongolian elites over the entire world
К изучению истории культа Тнгри у монголов
No full textС 1 по 3 июля 2011 г. в г. Кызыле прошла III Международная научно-практическая конференция «Тенгрианство и эпическое наследие народов Евразии: истоки и современность», организованная совместно Правительством Республики Тыва, Международной ассоциацией монголоведов (Монголия), Международным фондом исследования Тенгри (МФИТ), Министерством образования и науки Республики Тыва, Министерством культуры Республики Тыва, Тувинским институтом гуманитарных исследований при Правительстве Республики Тыва, Тувинским государственным университетом и Национальным музеем им. Алдан-Маадыр Республики Тыва
School Attendance and Childhood Cancer
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this project is to assess recommendations to assist providers and families on the decision of returning to school for pediatric oncology patients.|Background: Pediatric cancer affects over 13,000 children annually. Treatment frequently involves immunosuppressive medications, which complicate the decision of school attendance. Research has found that despite the identified psychosocial benefits to school attendance, pediatric oncologists vary in their opinions during the neutropenic phases of treatment (Sandeberg, Wettergren, Björk, Arvidson, & Johansson, 2013). Currently, there is no standard of care guiding this recommendation. Information regarding current practices of health care professionals is necessary to initiate the development of standards of care for this population.|Sample: The sample included 65 oncology providers from 7 large pediatric research hospitals around the country, all of which were members of the Children’s Oncology Group. The survey was sent to the primary contacts of the author, which was then disseminated through the snowball survey method to the respective departments.|Methods: The design of this study was a 4-week electronic survey. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and a report was compiled presenting the findings in comparison to the current literature. Data was disseminated through an educational tool (Appendix E) to the providers who requested the results. The educational tool combines current literature and data from the study in hopes of educating providers on the topic of neutropenic school attendance and recommendations for overcoming obstacles of school avoidance.|Results: The respondents consisted of oncology nurse practitioners (52%), oncologists (40%), and other roles such as RNs or coordinators (8%). The data showed that 70% of providers believed that school attendance depends on the situation for each child while 25.4% believed that school attendance should always be encouraged. The absolute neutrophil count factored into 56% of providers’ recommendation. The majority (58%) stated that providers within their practice generally disagree on the topic of recommendation for school attendance. Return to school teaching was regularly provided by 60% of providers.|Conclusions: Based on the survey results, no universal recommendation for practice exists. Providers, even within the same department, generally disagree on this topic. Further research is required in order to create a clinical practice guideline regarding recommendation for school attendance throughout cancer therapy. This project provided valuable data regarding current provider recommendations and factors influencing those recommendations. This project has helped set the groundwork for future research opportunities.Manuscrip
Brazilian synthetic head tambourine: the interpretative style of Bira Presidente and Carlos Café
No full textNas últimas três décadas o pandeiro passou de um instrumento acompanhador dos estilos tradicionais da música brasileira para um instrumento capaz de sintetizar uma série de ritmos brasileiros e internacionais. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é discutir e compreender algumas das técnicas e idiomatismos presente no modo de se executar o pandeiro de náilon no samba urbano, através do estudo dos estilos interpretativos de Ubirajara Félix do Nascimento (1937), conhecido por Bira Presidente e Carlos Alberto França Barros (1982), o Carlos Café do Pandeiro. O trabalho baseia-se no levantamento documental dos materiais audiovisuais presentes na internet, em livros, nas performances fonográficas e entrevistas feitas pelo autor. Para entendermos as técnicas e os estilos dos músicos pesquisados, utilizamos o recurso da transcrição e musical adaptando o sistema notacional de Carlos Stasi para contemplar os timbres idiomáticos do pandeiro de náilon. O presente trabalho foi organizado em três capítulos. O primeiro, além de apresentar uma sucinta contextualização histórica do pandeiro e das peles sintéticas, discute o conceito de “pandeiro brasileiro” em contraposição aos discursos e representações (LEPPERT, 1993) relacionados ao pandeiro de náilon no Brasil, assim como os conceitos de organologia (BATES, 2012), idiomatismo (MIRANDA, 2018; GIANESELLA, 2012) e autoetnografia (SANTOS, 2017; BENETTI 2017), que compõe a fundamentação teórica da pesquisa. O segundo e terceiro capítulos focarão nos músicos Bira Presidente e Carlos Café. Através do estudo biográfico desses músicos, analisamos os processos que desencadearam seus estilos interpretativos, bem como sua relevância para o cenário do samba e da percussão popular brasileira. Dessa forma, dentre as características encontradas em cada um dos músicos pesquisados, podemos destacar as inovações estilísticas propostas pelos dois pandeiristas.On the last three decades the Brazilian tambourine passed through a musical instrument that just accompanied Brazilian traditional styles to an instrument with the capacity of synthesize many Brazilian and international rhythms. This work aims to discuss and understand some of the technics and the language present on the playing of Brazilian synthetic head tambourine through the study of the interpretative style of Ubirajara Félix do Nascimento (1937), known as Bira President and Carlos Alberto França Barros (1982), Carlos Café do Pandeiro. This work is based on the documental research of materials collected on internet, books, records and interviews done by the author. To understand the technics and the style of the musicians we used the notational system created by Carlos Stasi with some adaptations according to the most used sounds of Brazilian synthetic head tambourine. This work is organized in three sections. In the first one, besides the contextual history of tambourine and synthetic head, we discuss the concept of “Brazilian tambourine” in contraposition of the representation and discourses related to Brazilian synthetic head tambourine and present the research theoretical foundation as well. The second and third chapters are concerned to Bira Presidente and Carlos Café interpretative style. Using a biographical study, we intend to comprehend the process that led to the interpretative style studied in this work.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)00
Transcriptional regulation and enzymatic functions of the Escherichia coli biotin protein ligase
No full textBiotin metabolism in prokaryotes is directly linked to transcriptional regulation by the enzyme biotin protein ligase (BPL). This system is most thoroughly studied and characterized in Escherichia coli. Transcription of the E. coli biotin (bio) operon is directly regulated by the biotin-protein ligase, BirA, the enzyme that covalently attaches biotin to its cognate acceptor proteins. Binding of BirA to the bio operator requires dimerization of the protein, which is triggered by BirA-catalyzed synthesis of biotinoyl- adenylate (biotinoyl-5'-AMP), the obligatory intermediate of the ligation reaction. In this thesis I carried out an in-depth analysis of the BirA protein from E. coli using a combination of mutational and biochemical analysis. These studies provide the first strong evidence that the inter-domain interactions are required for full enzymatic and transcriptional functions of this highly dynamic enzyme.
In Chapter 2, I describe the isolation and characterization of a new class of superrepressor mutant strains of BirA. Such superrepressor BirA proteins would repress the biotin operon transcription in vivo at biotin concentrations well below those needed for repression by wild-type BirA. Mutant strains having this phenotype were isolated by a combined selection-screening approach. The multiple mutations were resolved to give several birA superrepressor alleles each having a single mutation all of which showed repression dominant over the wild-type allele. All of these mutant strains repressed bio operon transcription in vivo at biotin concentrations that gave derepression of the wild- type strain and retained sufficient ligation activity for growth when overexpressed. All of the superrepressor strains except that encoding G154D BirA showed derepression of bio operon transcription upon overproduction of a biotin accepting protein. The G154D BirA was a lethal mutation in single copy and the purified protein was unable to transfer biotin from enzyme bound biotinoyl-adenylate either to the natural acceptor protein or to a biotin accepting peptide sequence. Consistent with the transcriptional repression data, each of the purified mutant proteins showed increased affinity for the biotin operator DNA in electromobility shift assays. Surprisingly, although most of the mutations were located in the catalytic domain, all those tested excepting G154D BirA had normal ligase activity. Most of the mutations that gave superrepressor phenotypes altered residues located close to the dimerization interface of BirA. However, two mutations were located at sites well removed from the interface. The properties of the superrepressor mutants strengthen and extend other data indicating that BirA function entails extensive interactions among the three domains of the protein and shows that normal ligase activity does not ensure normal DNA binding.
The BirA biotin protein ligase of E. coli belongs to the winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) family of transcriptional regulators. The N-terminal BirA domain is required for both transcriptional regulation of biotin synthesis and biotin protein ligase activity. In Chapter 3, I addressed the structural and functional role of the wing of the wHTH motif in both BirA functions. A panel of N-terminal deletion mutant proteins, including a discrete deletion of the wing motif, were unable to bind DNA. However, all the N- terminal deletion mutants weakly complemented growth of a ΔbirA strain at low biotin concentrations indicating compromised ligase activity. A wing domain chimera was constructed by replacing the BirA wing with the nearly isosteric wing of the E. coli OmpR transcription factor. Although this chimera BirA was defective in operator binding, it was much more efficient in complementation of a ΔbirA strain than was the wing-less protein. The enzymatic activities of the wing deletion and chimera proteins in the in vitro synthesis of biotinoyl-5ʹ-AMP differed greatly. The wing deletion BirA accumulated an off-pathway compound, ADP, whereas the chimera protein did not. Moreover, a single residue alteration in the wing bypasses the deleterious effects caused by mutations in the biotin-binding loop of the ligase active site. I believe that the role of the wing in the BirA enzymatic reaction is to orient the active site and thereby protect biotinoyl-5ʹ-AMP from attack by solvent. This is the first evidence that the wing domain of a wHTH protein can play an important role in enzymatic activity.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-11-25T20:49:03Z
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Site-specific labeling of cellular proteins with unnatural substrates of biotin ligases
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Vita.Includes bibliographical references.E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) catalyzes the site-specific ligation of biotin to the lysine within its 15-amino acid peptide substrate (AP). We harnessed the high peptide substrate specificity of BirA to develop a general methodology for site-specific protein labeling with biophysical probes. We synthesized an isosteric ketone analog of biotin and discovered that BirA also ligates it to the AP with similar kinetics while retaining the high peptide specificity of the native reaction. Because ketones are absent from native cell surfaces, recombinant AP-fused cell surface proteins can be tagged with the ketone analog, and then specifically conjugated to hydrazide- or hydroxylamine-functionalized molecules. We demonstrated this two-step protein labeling methodology on purified protein, in the context of mammalian cell lysate, and on epidermal growth factor receptor expressed on the surface of live HeLa cells. Both fluorescein and a benzophenone photoaffinity probe were incorporated, with total labeling times as short as 20 minutes. To develop new protein labeling methodology, we synthesized azide analogs of biotin, but found that BirA did not accept them as substrates. Our efforts to rationally design mutations in the active site to accommodate these analogs met with little success. We thus investigated in vitro compartmentalization as a platform for re-engineering the substrate specificity of BirA through in vitro evolution.(cont.) Selections did not enrich for BirA mutants that could catalyze ligation of the azide analog to the AP, but instead highlighted the technical difficulties of our in vitro compartmentalization strategy. We used phage display to engineer a new and orthogonal biotin ligase-acceptor peptide pair for site-specific protein labeling. Yeast biotin ligase (yBL) does not biotinylate the AP, but we discovered a new 15-amino acid substrate for yBL, which we call the yeast acceptor peptide (yAP). The yAP is not biotinylated by BirA, and thus we were able to specifically label AP and yAP fusion proteins co-expressed in the same cell with differently colored quantum dots. We fused the yAP to a variety of recombinant proteins and demonstrated biotinylation by yBL at the N-terminus, C-terminus, and within a flexible internal region. yBL is also very sequence-specific, as endogenous proteins on the surface of yeast and HeLa cells are not biotinylated. This new methodology expands the scope of biotin ligase labeling to two-color imaging and yeastbased applications.by Irwin Chen.Ph.D
Intercomparison of four airborne imaging DOAS systems for tropospheric NO2 mapping - the AROMAPEX campaign
No full textWe present an intercomparison study of four airborne imaging DOAS instruments, dedicated to the retrieval and high-resolution mapping of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs). The AROMAPEX campaign took place in Berlin, Germany, in April 2016 with the primary objective to test and intercompare the performance of experimental airborne imagers. The imaging DOAS instruments were operated simultaneously from two manned aircraft, performing synchronised flights: APEX (VITO–BIRA-IASB) was operated from DLR's DO-228 D-CFFU aircraft at 6.2 km in altitude, while AirMAP (IUP-Bremen), SWING (BIRA-IASB), and SBI (TNO–TU Delft–KNMI) were operated from the FUB Cessna 207T D-EAFU at 3.1 km. Two synchronised flights took place on 21 April 2016. NO2 slant columns were retrieved by applying differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the visible wavelength region and converted to VCDs by the computation of appropriate air mass factors (AMFs). Finally, the NO2 VCDs were georeferenced and mapped at high spatial resolution. For the sake of harmonising the different data sets, efforts were made to agree on a common set of parameter settings, AMF look-up table, and gridding algorithm. The NO2 horizontal distribution, observed by the different DOAS imagers, shows very similar spatial patterns. The NO2 field is dominated by two large plumes related to industrial compounds, crossing the city from west to east. The major highways A100 and A113 are also identified as line sources of NO2. Retrieved NO2 VCDs range between 1×1015 molec cm−2 upwind of the city and 20×1015 molec cm−2 in the dominant plume, with a mean of 7.3±1.8×1015 molec cm−2 for the morning flight and between 1 and 23×1015 molec cm−2 with a mean of 6.0±1.4×1015 molec cm−2 for the afternoon flight. The mean NO2 VCD retrieval errors are in the range of 22 % to 36 % for all sensors. The four data sets are in good agreement with Pearson correlation coefficients better than 0.9, while the linear regression analyses show slopes close to unity and generally small intercepts.Atmospheric Remote Sensin
Locus-specific chromatin proteomics using dCas-guided proximity labelling in aspergillus nidulans
No full textProximity labelling that uses promiscuous biotin ligases (BirA) fused to a bait protein is a powerful tool to identify protein interaction partners in vivo under different metabolic or developmental conditions. BirA can also be used to determine protein composition and interaction partners at specific chromatin locations when it is fused with enzymatically-disabled Cas9 (dCas9) and then guided to the location of interest by sgRNAs. We adapted this method (called CasID) for fungal cells using the nitrate assimilation gene cluster of A. nidulans as a model locus and estrogen-inducible expression of the dCas9-BirA fusion to improve condition-specific labelling. For method establishment, we first verified the presence of dCas-BirA and a known transcription factor at the nitrate locus by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Results show that both dCas-BirA and the AreA transcription factor are present at the locus of interest under the conditions used for biotinylation. We then optimized the CasID procedure for efficient labelling and background reduction using the CasID-sgRNA strain and two control strains, one lacking the sgRNA and another one lacking the whole CasID system. Here we provide proof-of-concept for the suitability of the method by showing that biotinylated proteins are enriched in the CasID strains in comparison to the controls. After background reduction, 32 proteins remained in two independent experiments exclusively enriched in the Cas-ID-sgRNA strain. Among these proteins was NmrA, an AreA-interacting regulator, and we also found several chromatin-associated proteins. Overall, our results demonstrate that CasID is suitable for locus-specific labelling and identification of chromatin-associated proteins and transcription factors in A. nidulans. However, the high background of proteins that are biotinylated out of chromatin context or unspecifically attach to the affinity purification matrix needs to be addressed by implementing a set of rigorous controls. In summary, we herewith provide a detailed protocol for application of the method that proved to be useful for the identification of novel chromatin-associated proteins and their interaction partners at a specific genomic locus in divers metabolic and developmental conditions. AUTHOR SUMMARY: This study demonstrates that locus-specific proteomics can be carried out by dCas-BirA guided proximity labelling in Aspergillus nidulans. For establishment, we targeted the well-described bidirectional promoter region between niaD, a nitrate reductase, and niiA, a nitrite reductase. At this locus we could test by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in combination with qPCR if both, the dCas9-BirA fusion as well as a central transcription factor are at the locus under the conditions of our CasID experiment. After this first control step, we considered that unspecific labelling by dCas-BirA during the time from translation to landing at the targeted chromatin locus may be one of the most relevant drawbacks of the method. Therefore, we developed a number of control strains that would allow us to clearly discriminate between background and sgRNA-dependent specific labelling at the locus. Our protein MS results validated these estimates and only considering the results of these controls enabled us to distinguish the set of locus-specific proteins from a very high general background. Finally, enrichment of biotinylated proteins through affinity purification with streptavidin resin and subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis showed that more than 800 proteins were detected in each sample, emphasizing the high background of the purification method. After background reduction of the control samples, we were able to identify 32 proteins which were exclusively detected in the test strain in two independent measurements, including several chromatin-associated proteins and NmrA, a negative regulator of the nitrate locus transcription factor AreA
Change in train travelling behaviour during and after Covid-19 due to anxiety
No full textStudies all over the world have been performed during Covid-19 to investigate the characteristics of anxious public transport travellers and the reduction in public transport usage. This indicates that reduction in public transport usage related to anxiety from Covid-19 is a problem everywhere and important to investigate this group further.For this project, longitudinal surveys are used to gain insights into the groups of anxious and non-anxious train travellers in the Netherlands. This project is part of a larger project, which focuses on the impacts Covid-19 has on train travelling behaviour, by NS and TU Delft (Van Hagen et al. (2021). Covid-19 and train travel behavior. Paper presented at the European Transport Conference). This subproject focuses on the effects of anxiety on train travelling behaviour during and after Covid-19. The data from the surveys are used to divide the participants into groups based on their anxiety levels: anxious, neutral, and non-anxious. The anxious group consists of people that do not feel free to travel by train during Covid-19 and the non-anxious group does feel free to travel by train during Covid-19. To analyse the characteristics and travel behaviour, the data from the survey of April 2021 are used, and statistical tests such as chi-square test and classification tree analysis are used to analyse the differences between the groups.The main purpose of this project is to investigate the group of anxious train travellers during Covid-19 to gain more insights into their characteristics, attitude, and behaviour. This study finds that the main factors that influence anxiety levels are age, gender, and vaccination status. Our research shows that females and older people are more likely to be anxious. As a result, a typical profile of an anxious person is a female, older than 25 years old and not vaccinated. Furthermore, a non-anxious person is likely to be male, 25 years old or younger, and fully vaccinated.Since attitude has a strong relationship with (travel) behaviour, the anxious group is compared to the non-anxious group to investigate the effects of anxiety on attitude and travel behaviour. The results show that anxiety has a negative effect on attitude which leads to less train usage, both current and expected usage in the future. Anxious people generally tend to have a negative attitude towards the train, while non-anxious people usually have a positive attitude towards the train. In current train travelling behaviour, anxiety has the effect of people travelling less, and are more likely to not travel at all. For future expected travel, anxious people are more likely to plan to travel less than non-anxious people.The number of anxious people fluctuates over time and seems to be related to the number of cases or hospitalizations. The size of the anxious group is higher when there are peaks in number of cases and hospitalizations, and lower when things are calmer. Additionally, vaccinations seem to influence the number of anxious people as well, where the size of the anxious group reduces when a lot of people in the Netherlands are fully vaccinated. During the first year (April 2020 to April 2021), the anxious group has been between 40 and 70% of train travellers. It can be assumed that there will still be a group of people that are anxious after Covid-19, because in September 2021, when cases had been low for some time, 20% of train travellers were still anxious and a small group of 6% was still feeling very anxious.The results of this paper help to identify the anxious group and establish the effect of anxiety on attitude and behaviour, which helps with designing future timetables and planning rolling stock purchases. For future research, it is recommended to look further into the relationship between the number of anxious people and the number of cases or hospitalizations as that relationship can help predict train usage in the future. Furthermore, it is recommended to investigate why people are still feeling anxious even after a time of low number of cases and no restrictions. That information can help with reducing the size of the anxious group and increase train usage.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport and Plannin
Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kompos Berbahan Dasar Guano dengan Level Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan Turi (Sesbania grandiflora)
No full textThe abstracts represent all of the writing material and its implications, written briefly (about 200-250 words). A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.Abstract should commence with a clear introduction of two or three sentences mentioning background of research. Subsequently, state the general problem of the research, followed by results/main findings that directly answer the problem. Give one or two sentence(s) to discuss the finding(s) or prospective(s).Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kompos berbahan dasar guano dengan level yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan turi (Sesbania grandiflora). Alat yang digunakan terdiri dari: peralatan ukur seperti mister, meteran, jangka sorong, oven, timbangan duduk (digital); peralatan bercocok tanam seperti parang, ember, linggis, pacul dan skop sedangkan bahannya terdiri dari bibit atau anakan turi sebanyak 128 anakan, kotoran kelelawar (guano) 100 kg, jerami padi 10 kg, dedak padi 6 kg, gula 0,5 kg, EM4 (Effective Microorganisms 4) 500 cc, terpal, karung dan air secukupnya. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga terdapat 16 satuan percobaan. R0 = Tanpa pemberian kompos guano (kontrol), R1 = Pemberian pupuk kompos 200 g/lubang tanam, R2 = Pemberian pupuk kompos 500 g/lubang tanam, R3 = Pemberian pupuk kompos 800 g/lubang tanam. Variabel pengamatan yaitu Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, dan jumlah helai daun. Pengamatan dan pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali (14 HST, 21 HST, 28 HST dan 35 HST). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan untuk melihat perbedaan antara perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kompos guano pada level 800g pada hari ke 35 HST secara signifikan meningkatkan tinggi tanaman yaitu sebesar 57,18 cm, diameter batang 0,81 mm dan jumlah helai daun 16,00 helai. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kompos berbahan dasar guano sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan nilai kesuburan tanah sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman turi (Sesbania grandiflora) yang terlihat dari tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah helai daun
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