621 research outputs found
EFFECT OF A PARTICLE ENGINEERING PROCESS ON POLYMORPHIC TRANSITION OF PYRAZINAMIDE
No full textObjective: The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of processing on physicochemical properties of spray dried Pyrazinamide. Methods: Pyrazinamide was spray dried using several spray drying conditions, FTIR, XRD and thermal analysis were undertaken for all samples. A comparison of crystalline/amorphous nature of the starting material as well as processed materials was carried out.Results: The unprocessed material was a typical crystalline material composed of a mixture of alpha and gamma polymorphic forms of pyrazinamide.In contrast spray dried materials showed other mixtures of different polymorphs of  pyrazinamide based on spray drying conditions. In other words, the solid state of spray dried material was dependent on processing parameters (solvent systems, inlet temperature), which may indicate the effect of processing conditions on the solid state of Pyrazinamide.Conclusion: Processing of Pyrazinamide without excipients gave different polymorphs, according to the solvent mixture used in the spray drying processÂ
AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS THE RECEPTION OF AVICENNA'S PHILOSOPHICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL WRITINGS IN JEWISH CULTURES, EAST AND WEST
No full textThe reception of Avicenna by medieval Jewish readers presents an underappreciated enigma. Despite the philosophical and scientific stature of Avicenna, his philosophical writings were relatively little studied in Jewish milieus, be it in Arabic or in Hebrew. In particular, Avicenna's philosophical writings are not among the "Hebraische Ubersetzungen desMittelalters" - only very few of them were translated into Hebrew. As an author associated with a definite corpus of writings, Avicenna hardly existed in Jewish philosophy in Hebrew (contrary to Averroes). Paradoxically, however, some of Avicenna's most distinctive ideas were widely known and embraced by Jewish philosophers. This is the phenomenon that we dub Avicennian knowledge without Avicenna. In contrast with the philosophical treatises, Avicenna's medical writings were widely and intensively studied by Jews, especially in Hebrew, and remained influential until at least the seventeenth century. The present article presents a comprehensive picture of Avicenna's reception within medieval Jewish cultures in both Arabic and Hebrew and tries to explain the Jews' complex attitude to Avicenna.It is a comprehensive historical overview and detailed, with precise reference to all these cases so far examined and the entire bibliography still available, direct and indirect influence exerted by the thought and especially the philosophical and scientific works of Avicenna on Jewish philosophy Judeo-Arabic and Jewish medieval, from 1050 to 1500 or so, in the Mediterranean area
Psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV and DERS in older community-dwelling GAD patients and nonanxious controls
No full textRecent research suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in late life is common (Flint, 2005) and is associated with severe consequences, such as decreased life satisfaction and increased risk of physical disability (De Beurs et al., 1999). Yet, our understanding of this disorder in late life, including knowledge of efficient assessment tools, lags behind our growing knowledge of GAD in younger adults. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV (GAD-Q-IV; Newman et al., 2002) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) in a community-dwelling, older adult population. Thirty-seven adults diagnosed with GAD and 37 controls (all age 60 or older) completed the GAD-Q-IV, DERS, and other measures of anxiety and depression. Both measures were assessed for internal consistency reliability, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), and test-retest reliability, all of which indicated good psychometric performance. Receiver operating characteristic analyses suggested that the optimal cutoff for diagnosing GAD in this sample was 3.71, with .97 sensitivity and .92 specificity. However, including only those participants diagnosed with GAD in addition to another Axis I disorder (e.g., social phobia, dysthymia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; n = 18), revealed a higher optimal cutoff score (4.42; 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity). ROC analyses also revealed an optimal DERS cutoff score of 62.5, which achieved .76 sensitivity and .86 specificity. Findings from the current study support the utility of an emotion regulation deficit model of late-life GAD, and are discussed in relation to age specific characteristics of worry and GAD.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Alison Mary Staple
GAD and Gender Mainstreaming: A Pathway to Sustainable Development?
No full textIn recent years there has been increased attention to the importance of gender in securing long-term development goals. Consensus has now been reached that increasing the social status and economic capacity of women is an effective way of improving outcomes. The subject of this paper is the viability of the ‘Gender and Development’ (GAD) paradigm as a means of establishing socially and politically sustainable gains for women in developing countries. The author examines the GAD paradigm using the case study of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’ in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan since 2001. Through an analysis of some of the problems encountered so far, the author questions whether such an approach is likely to actually result in long-term, sustainable improvement in that country. Three key issues include: marginalization of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’; lack of state capacity; and failures to fully integrate programs into social and cultural contexts. Though reconstruction efforts have clearly resulted in some improvement, it is argued that it is unclear whether such an approach will lead to long-term progress. Rather, there is strong evidence that GAD can actually contribute to the further politicization of gender and result in a backlash against reforms. Ultimately, the goals that the GAD paradigm attempts to achieve are extremely difficult to translate into effective practice, especially in highly volatile and politicized situations. In conclusion, the author finds that sustainable and transformative change may be elusive if one simply applies new aims to old models of aid provision
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GAD and Gender Mainstreaming: A Pathway to Sustainable Development?
No full textIn recent years there has been increased attention to the importance of gender in securing long-term development goals. Consensus has now been reached that increasing the social status and economic capacity of women is an effective way of improving outcomes. The subject of this paper is the viability of the ‘Gender and Development’ (GAD) paradigm as a means of establishing socially and politically sustainable gains for women in developing countries. The author examines the GAD paradigm using the case study of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’ in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan since 2001. Through an analysis of some of the problems encountered so far, the author questions whether such an approach is likely to actually result in long-term, sustainable improvement in that country. Three key issues include: marginalization of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’; lack of state capacity; and failures to fully integrate programs into social and cultural contexts. Though reconstruction efforts have clearly resulted in some improvement, it is argued that it is unclear whether such an approach will lead to long-term progress. Rather, there is strong evidence that GAD can actually contribute to the further politicization of gender and result in a backlash against reforms. Ultimately, the goals that the GAD paradigm attempts to achieve are extremely difficult to translate into effective practice, especially in highly volatile and politicized situations. In conclusion, the author finds that sustainable and transformative change may be elusive if one simply applies new aims to old models of aid provision
Somatic symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder from the DSM-IV: Associations with pathological worry and depression symptoms in a nonclinical sample
No full textThe present study investigates specificity of the six somatic symptoms that are associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), according to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. A nonclinical sample of 183 students provided severity ratings for (a) restlessness, (b) easily fatigued, (c) difficulty concentrating, (d) irritability, (e) muscle tension, and (f) sleep disturbance. In addition, they responded to questionnaires assessing pathological worry and depression symptoms. Partial correlations and multiple regression analyses indicated that only muscle tension showed a unique relation to pathological worry. In contrast, difficulty concentrating was exclusively related to depression symptoms. Present findings corroborate psychophysiological findings that elevated muscle tension is a specific characteristic of pathological worriers. Moreover, they suggest that the problem of unclear boundaries between GAD and major depression may be reduced if future revisions of the somatic symptom list for GAD emphasize muscle tension while de-emphasizing difficulty concentrating
GAD antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions
No full textAntibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), originally linked to stiff person syndrome (SPS), now denote the “GAD antibody-spectrum disorders” (GAD-SD) that also include autoimmune epilepsy, limbic encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus with overlapping symptomatology highlighting autoimmune neuronal excitability disorders. The reasons for the clinical heterogeneity among GAD-antibody associated syndromes remain still unsettled, implicating variable susceptibility of GABAergic neurons to anti-GAD or other still unidentified autoantibodies. Although anti-GAD antibody titers do not correlate with clinical severity, very high serum titers, often associated with intrathecal synthesis of anti-GAD-specific IgG, point to in-situ effects of GAD or related autoantibodies within the central nervous system. It remains, however, uncertain what drives these antibodies, why they persist and whether they are disease markers or have pathogenic potential. The review, focused on these concerns, describes the widened clinical manifestations and overlapping features of all GAD-SD; addresses the importance of GAD antibody titers and potential significance of GAD epitopes; summarizes the biologic basis of autoimmune hyperexcitability; highlights the electrophysiological basis of reciprocal inhibition in muscle stiffness; and provides practical guidelines on symptomatic therapies with gamma-aminobutyric acid-enhancing drugs or various immunotherapies. © The Author(s), 2021
Super refractory status epilepticus secondary to anti-GAD antibody encephalitis successfully treated with aggressive immunotherapy
No full textAntibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase are reported in association with a number of neurological conditions including limbic encephalitis. We report a case of anti-GAD-antibody associated encephalitis presenting with super-refractory status epilepticus. We describe the clinical course, management, and the outcome. In addition, we review the presentation and outcomes of reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis. Similar to the reported cases of anti-GAD encephalitis, our case was refractory to treatment with conventional antiseizure medication. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), high dose corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis had partial response, but escalation of treatment to the use of tocilizumab was associated with significant clinical improvement. © 2020 The Author
The implementation of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) screening tool in primary care
No full textPurpose of Project: The aim of the DNP project was to improve early detection of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the primary care setting by routine screening of adult patients with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7) screening tool.
Methodology: The project was conducted at two different primary care practices located in Budd Lake, New Jersey and Freehold, New Jersey. It began with a one-month preintervention chart review to examine the number of patients identified with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Then, twenty-five participants from each site, regardless of their chief complaint, completed the GAD-7 survey. Majority of participants were middle-aged Caucasian men.
Results: Eight percent of participants scored an eight or higher on the screening tool thus prompting a discussion with their provider.
Implications for Practice: The project demonstrated the importance of utilizing the GAD-7 tool in primary care to address underdiagnosis and undertreatment of this disease, which in turn may improve medical, mental, and quality of life outcomes.DNPIncludes bibliographical reference
The implementation of the GAD-7 screening tool in primary care
No full textPurpose of Project: The aim of the DNP project was to improve early detection of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the primary care setting by routine screening of adult patients with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7) screening tool.
Methodology: The project was conducted at two different primary care practices located in Budd Lake, New Jersey and Freehold, New Jersey. It began with a one-month preintervention chart review to examine the number of patients identified with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Then, twenty-five participants from each site, regardless of their chief complaint, completed the GAD-7 survey.
Results: Majority of participants were middle-aged Caucasian men. Eight percent of participants scored an eight or higher on the screening tool thus prompting a discussion with their provider.
Implications for Practice: The project demonstrated the importance of utilizing the GAD-7 tool in primary care to address underdiagnosis and undertreatment of this disease, which in turn may improve medical, mental, and quality of life outcomes.DNPIncludes bibliographical reference
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