646 research outputs found
Zooarchaeological Analysis of the Lower Palace Area at Karkemish (Gaziantep, Turkey): Area C from the Late Bronze II to the Iron IV Period
No full textAnimal exploitation and breeding strategies
No full textZooarchaeological studies in Central Asia are still very scarce. The analysis of the faunal assemblage retrieved during seven archaeological campaigns at the fortified settlement of Kojtepa allows obtaining information about the breeding strategy and animals exploitation in the Samarkand oasis during late and post-Hellenistic period, ca. 4th to 2nd centuries BC.
The preliminary zooarchaeological analysis was conducted over 1420 faunal remains retrieved in the 2009-2015 seasons. Domestic animals resulted predominant, with sheep and goats covering more than half of the total, followed by fewer cattle, pigs and equids including horses, donkeys and their crossbreeds. The identification of a limited number of bird bones, mainly galliformes, integrates the data about domestic animal exploitation.
For what concerns wild animals, a significant amount of turtles (Testudo sp.) was also found, while a few osteological remains testify to the hunt of marmot (Marmota sp.), which was probably exploited for its fur.
As confirmed by the analysis carried out on the faunal remains from the comparable site of Kafir Kala, the subsistence economy of the steppes was already based on the harmonization between irrigated agriculture and semi-nomadic pastoralism, where flocks did not provide only meat but most likely secondary products, such as wool, leather and milk. Cattle and the rare pigs were mainly meat source, while equids were probably used as traction animals. Wild animals represented instead an occasional resource
Zooarchaeological analysis of the Lower Palace Area at Karkemish (Gaziantep, Turkey). Area C from the Late Bronze II to the Iron IV Period
No full textFaunal remains from the Lower Palace Area (Area C) at Karkemish (Gaziantep, Turkey)
were found in different levels spanning the Late Bronze II (14th-13th centuries BC) to the Iron
IV / Achaemenid period (5th-4th centuries BC). The zooarchaeological analysis involved a
sample of 11,849 skeletal remains recovered from production areas, domestic or residential
buildings, as well as dumps. Almost one third of the animal bones were determined to species
level, showing a clear predominance of domestic mammals. Sheep and goats represent
the great majority of the sample, followed by oxen. Wild mammals are always extremely
rare in our record, but they acquire some importance during the end of the Iron Age. The
overall observation of the quantitative data, presence/absence ratios, and kill-off patterns of
the different species highlight significant variations in meat consumption strategies and the
production/transformation of secondary products, including the use of animals as beasts of
burden. All such variations in the animal exploitation in the Lower Palace Area can be related
to specific socio-economic and political changes that occurred at Karkemish over time
Atti del 9° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia
No full textIl volume contiene gli atti del 9° Convegno Nazionale di Archeozoologia tenutosi a Ravenna presso il Dipartimento di Storia Culture Civiltà dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna tra il 28 novembre e il primo dicembre 2018. I contributi sono articolati in sezioni cronologiche, dal Paleolitico al Post-Medioevo, e includono anche una sessione Metodologica e una sessione tematicaL’archeozoologia e le fonti iconografiche, letterarie e storico-documentali
Analisi archeozoologiche nei contesti sacri: il caso degli animali di Ascoli – Lu Battente
No full textIl contributo intende trattare l’analisi dei resti ossei di due sepoltue: un suino (Sus domesticus) e un
bovino (Bos taurus), rinvenuti nel 2016 durante lo svolgimento di sondaggi archeologici preventivi
nei pressi di Ascoli, in località Lu Battente. La ricerca è stata condotta ponendo particolare
attenzione al trattamento ed alle modalità di deposizione dei due scheletri, poiché la
documentazione materiale, recuperata a poca distanza dagli animali, suggeriva una connotazione
sacra dell’area, assiduamente frequentata fra la fine del IV e gli inizi del III sec. a.C. I fotopiani e le
foto di dettaglio dei singoli distretti ossei prodotti in fase di scavo sono stati funzionali per
evidenziare la connessione anatomica del suino e le fasi di smembramento del bovino. Tali strategie
di deposizione sono state successivamente osservate in relazione alle dimensioni delle fosse e alle
tracce antropiche riscontrate sui resti ossei, al fine di individuare le cause della morte e il trattamento
delle carcasse. L’analisi delle ossa, in particolare della dentatura, ha permesso di appurare la giovane
età dei due esemplari (6-7 mesi per il suino e 7-10 per il bovino); questo dato ha reso difficile la
determinazione del loro genere, permettendo di avanzare ipotesi solamente per il bovino
Archaeological Survey along the Karatyube Piedmont, Samarkand: Preliminary Result of the Field Seasons of the Uzbek-Italian Archaeological Project (UIAP) 2019 and 2021
No full textThe paper presents the result of the field survey carried out in the Karatyube oothill during the 2019 and 2021 campaigns of the Uzbek-Italian Archaeological Project 'Samarkand and Its Territory'. The investigation encompassed the piedmont area (750-1000 m asl) between the villages of Egrikul and Mirankul, Southwest of the city of Samarkand.
Thanks to a systematic fieldwork, and the use of the Android App QField for QGIS, the survey resulted in the identification of ca. 150 new archaeological sites. Most of them belong to low stone mounds used for funerary purposes (kurgan) and found either single, double, or clustered together. Such a large presence of funerary sites here suggests that the Karatyube piedmont was used for a long time as a preferential place for burials, not only by the communities living in this area but also for those living in the irrigated plain, where kurgans are few and multi-layered settlement mounds (tepa) abound
“but I am also influenced by no such thing”-The Radical Pietist and Theological Author Johanna Eleonora Petersen
No full textJohanna Eleonora von und zu Merlau, verheiratete Petersen, von jeher tief gläubig, veränderte die religiöse Welt des 17. Jahrhunderts. Sie bekannte sich zur Bewegung des Pietismus und vertrat radikale Ansichten, nicht nur im privaten Kreis, sondern als anerkannte und heftig kritisierte theologische Autorin. Ihrem Werk ist eine Studie gewidmet, in der neue Forschungsergebnisse vorgestellt und Leben und Werk dieser bedeutenden Autorin in zeitgenössische Diskurse eingebunden werden.The deeply devout Johanna Eleonora Petersen, whose maiden name was „von und zu Merlau,” changed the religious world of the seventeenth century. She avowed herself to Pietism and held radical views, not only in private but also as an acknowledged and sharply criticized theological author. This study attends to her work. It presents new research results and weaves the life and work of this important author into contemporary discourses
La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens
No full textThis work analyses the notion of defective product originally developed by US Courts, then ambiguously defined by the European directive n. 374 of 1985 and differently interpreted and applied by the respective domestic Courts. In particular, some European jurisdictions apply the risk / utility test introduced by the US Courts for design defects cases, although this test is not mentioned by the European Directive. The author, having highlighted the inconsistences of the risk / utility test, proposes an alternative model of classification of defective products according to the elements actually used by judges in order to allocate the liability, as emerging from the text of their decisions. This classification leads to held the manufacturer strictly liable not only for manufacturing defects, but also for those design defects which he was aware of (as in some cases of defective vaccine).Cette étude examine la notion de défectuosité du produit initialement élaborée par les Cours américaines, définie de manière ambigüe par le législateur européen avec la directive n° 374 de 1985, puis différemment interprétée et appliquée par les Cours respectives des pays membres. Notamment certains systèmes juridiques européens appliquent le risk/ utility test élaboré par les Cours américaines pour les cas de défaut de conception du produit, bien que ce test ne soit pas mentionné par la directive européenne. L’auteur, après avoir mis en évidence les incongruences du risk/ utility test, propose un modèle alternatif de classification des cas de produits défectueux sur la base des critères d’imputation de la responsabilité qui sont concrètement utilisés par les juges et tels qu’imagés dans les textes de leurs décisions. Cette reconstruction amène à imputer au fabricant une responsabilité objective non seulement pour les cas de défaut de production, mais aussi pour les cas de défaut de conception dont il était averti (tel que certain cas de vaccin défectueux).Rajneri Karageorgevitch Eleonora. La notion de défectuosité du produit dans les jurisprudences des pays européens. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 67 N°1,2015. pp. 185-205
TO THE JUBILEE OF PROFESSOR STEPANOVA ELEONORA FEDOROVNA
No full textThe article is devoted to the anniversary of Professor Eleonora Fedorovna Stepanova – a bright representative of the Russian intelligentsia: a talented lecturer, an inventor, an author of numerous books, an internationally recognized scholar
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No full textHebb's idea of a cell assembly as the fundamental unit of neural information processing has dominated neuroscience like no other theoretical concept within the past 60 years. A range of different physiological phenomena, from precisely synchronized spiking to broadly simultaneous rate increases, has been subsumed under this term. Yet progress in this area is hampered by the lack of statistical tools that would enable to extract assemblies with arbitrary constellations of time lags, and at multiple temporal scales, partly due to the severe computational burden. Here we present such a unifying methodological and conceptual framework which detects assembly structure at many different time scales, levels of precision, and with arbitrary internal organization. Applying this methodology to multiple single unit recordings from various cortical areas, we find that there is no universal cortical coding scheme, but that assembly structure and precision significantly depends on the brain area recorded and ongoing task demands
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