20 research outputs found
Evaluación Del Efecto Del Reemplazo Parcial de Cemento Portland por Ceniza de la Industria del Papel en Morteros y Muretes
No full textEvaluación del reemplazo parcial de cemento por ceniza de la industria del papel en morteros y muretes
Use of Recycled Materials to Build Paver Blocks for Low-Volume Roads in Developing Countries
No full text The civil engineering profession is challenged with rebuilding and maintaining a decaying infrastructure and addressing the ever-increasing problem of solid waste. These two issues are interrelated because of the reconstruction or rehabilitation of roads and highway pavements and because building generates an enormous amount of solid waste, which puts tremendous pressure on depleting landfill space. All these factors imply that recycling the waste aggregate from demolished pavements and buildings can have significant benefit for the environment and at the same time be an attractive option for highway construction, as a result of the savings in material acquisition and disposal costs. With that in mind, this research was undertaken to develop and characterize an alternative road surface material consisting of recycled crushed concrete aggregate, natural aggregates, and portland cement to achieve desirable mechanical characteristics. The study is aimed toward assessing the performance of the composite material that allows the saving of material costs by using recycled aggregate instead of expensive and often scarce virgin aggregates. The resulting material will perform at least as well as (and perhaps better than) the normally used composite material built with natural aggregates. </jats:p
Influences on the attitudes of preschool teachers towards educational inclusion in private institutions in the city of Bucaramanga
No full textLa presente investigación se realiza con el objetivo de determinar si los factores como edad, experiencia laboral y formación académica tienen influencias significativas en las actitudes de los docentes de preescolar de instituciones privadas de Bucaramanga frente a la inclusión educativa a partir de la aplicación de la escala EAPROF. La escala consta de una encuesta de treinta preguntas dirigido a docentes, con los cuales se pretende analizar las actitudes en efecto a la inclusión educativa, con el fin de contrastar las influencias como la edad, experiencia docente y formación académica, todo desde la percepción de la inclusión y sus actitudes frente a ella. Con 150 docentes de preescolar se llevó a cabo una encuesta que evalúa actitudes como: respetar las características individuales de los estudiantes, inclusión o exclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad dentro del aula, disposición para atender a toda la población escolar, potenciar actividades para atender a todos los estudiantes favoreciendo la participación, entre otros. Dependiendo de la percepción que los docentes manifiesten en la escala y su rango de puntuación, se considera si sus actitudes son positivas, negativas o indecisas frente la inclusión educativa. Esta investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental-transversal, donde se tomó en cuenta las fases propuestas por Hernández et ál (2014). Las cuales permitieron un análisis detallado para conocer su naturaleza, sus características y los factores que intervienen en todo ello. Con la información obtenida a lo largo del proceso, se alcanzaron resultados como la influencia de las variables formación académica, edad y experiencia laboral ejercen en las actitudes de los docentes de preescolar frente a la inclusión educativa.INTRODUCCIÓN 10 CAPÍTULO I: Planteamiento del problema 12 1.1. Descripción del Problema de investigación 12 1.2. Objetivos de la investigación 14 1.2.1 Objetivo General 14 1.2.2 Objetivos Específicos 14 1.3. Hipótesis 15 1.4. Justificación de la investigación 15 CAPÍTULO II: Marco de referencia 18 2.1 Antecedentes investigativos 18 2.1.1 Internacional 18 2.1.2 Nacional 23 2.1.3 Local 25 2.2 Marco teórico y conceptual 30 2.2.1 Educación Inclusiva en Colombia 30 2.2.2 Inclusión Educativa 34 2.2.3 Acerca de las actitudes 37 2.2.4 Actitudes de los docentes frente la inclusión 38 2.2.5 Teoría de la acción razonada 40 2.3 Marco legal 41 3. CAPÍTULO III: Metodología 47 3.1. Enfoque de investigación 47 3.2. Diseño metodológico 48 3.2.1. Fases del diseño metodológico 50 3.2.1.1. Idea: 50 3.2.1.2. Planteamiento del problema: 50 3.2.1.3. Revisión de la literatura y desarrollo del marco teórico: 51 3.2.1.4. Visualización del alcance del estudio: 51 3.2.1.5. Elaboración de hipótesis: 51 3.2.1.6. Desarrollo del diseño de investigación: 51
3.2.1.7. Definición y selección de la muestra: 51 3.2.1.8. Recolección de los datos: 52 3.2.1.9. Análisis de los datos: 52 3.2.1.10. Elaboración del reporte de resultados: 52 3.3. Población y selección de muestra 53 3.4. Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información 54 3.5. Validación de los instrumentos 55 3.6. Aspectos éticos 57 4. CAPÍTULO IV: ANÁLISIS Y RESULTADOS 57 4.1 Análisis de datos 58 4.2 Resultados de la Prueba EAPROF 64 5. CAPÍTULO V: Conclusiones y recomendaciones 71 5.1 Conclusiones 71 5.2 Recomendaciones 73 Referencias 74 Anexos 83 1. Carta consentimiento informado: 83 2. Escala de actitudes de los docentes frente a la inclusión educativa (EAPROF) 86 3. Datos estadísticos según variables de estudio 90MaestríaThe purpose of this research is to determine whether factors such as age, work experience and academic training have a significant influence on the attitudes of preschool teachers of private institutions in Bucaramanga towards educational inclusion through the application of the EAPROF scale. The scale consists of a survey of thirty questions addressed to teachers, with which it is intended to analyze their attitudes towards educational inclusion, in order to contrast influences such as age, teaching experience and academic training, all from the perception of inclusion and their attitudes towards it. A survey was conducted with 150 preschool teachers to evaluate attitudes such as: respecting the individual characteristics of students, inclusion or exclusion of students with disabilities in the classroom, willingness to serve the entire school population, promoting activities to serve all students favoring participation, among others. Depending on the perception that teachers express in the scale and their score range, it is considered whether their attitudes are positive, negative or undecided regarding educational inclusion. This research is developed under a quantitative approach with a nonexperimental-transversal design, where the phases proposed by Hernández et al (2014) are taken into account. These allowed a detailed analysis to know its nature, its characteristics and the factors involved in it all. With the information obtained throughout the process, results such as the influence of the variables academic training, age and work experience on the attitudes of preschool teachers towards educational inclusion were achieved
Análisis de factores claves en el desarrollo de proyectos inmobiliarios en el municipio portuario de Buenaventura, Colombia
No full textColombia, a developing country, employs municipal categorization to ensure equitable conditions for communities with similar circumstances. Under this scheme, Buenaventura has been classified as a Special District. Despite the economic significance of this maritime port, the city faces significant deficiencies in infrastructure, particularly in the residential real estate sector. This study aims to analyze the factors that were identified and that have inhibited real estate development in the region. An extensive review of documents available in institutional repositories was conducted, and urbanizable expansion areas were analyzed according to the current Land Use Plan. Additionally, a focus group consisting of 27 experts was consulted to identify the main strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities affecting Buenaventura. The study\u27s findings reveal that the current housing solutions in the region do not adequately meet the socioeconomic needs of its resident.
JEL Codes: R33.
Received: 27/08/2024. Accepted: 31/12/2024. Published: 03/08/2025.Colombia, un país en desarrollo, utiliza la categorización municipal para garantizar condiciones equitativas en comunidades con circunstancias similares. Bajo este esquema, Buenaventura ha sido clasificado como Distrito Especial. A pesar de la importancia económica de este puerto marítimo, la ciudad enfrenta deficiencias significativas en infraestructura, especialmente, en el sector inmobiliario residencial. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que fueron identificados y que han inhibido el desarrollo inmobiliario en la región. Se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de documentos disponibles en repositorios institucionales y se analizaron las áreas de expansión urbanizable según el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial vigente. Además, se llevó a cabo una consulta con un grupo focal compuesto por 27 expertos que contribuyeron a la identificación de las principales fortalezas, debilidades, amenazas y oportunidades que afectan a Buenaventura. Los hallazgos del estudio revelan que las actuales soluciones habitacionales en la región no satisfacen adecuadamente las necesidades socioeconómicas de sus habitantes.
Códigos JEL: R33.
Recibido: 27/08/2024. Aceptado: 31/12/2024. Publicado: 03/08/2025
Characterization of body composition and relationship with healthy lifestyles in family medicine residents in Bogotá and Chía
No full textLos estilos de vida saludables evitan las enfermedades no transmisibles. Conocer la composición corporal y hábitos de vida saludable de los residentes de medicina familiar podría definir la necesidad de intervenciones.
Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, incluyó a 117 residentes de 6 programas de medicina familiar. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y bioimpedanciometría. Se aplicó el FANTASTICO y la encuesta de estilos de vida saludable. Los datos fueron procesados en STATA 16 para relacionar la composición corporal y los estilos de vida.
Resultados: 65.81% (77) eran de sexo femenino, el 47.01% (55) tenían un índice de masa corporal alterado, 80.35% (94) presento valores inadecuados de grasa por bioimpedanciometría, 50.43% (59) tenían regulares o malos estilos de vida y 94.8% (111) manifestaron deseo de implementar educación nutricional y actividad física en la residencia.
Discusión: En Colombia para 2018 en zonas urbanas se estimó una prevalencia de sobrepeso del 36.2% y obesidad 21.3%. En el estudio el 33.33% de los residentes tenían sobrepeso y el 1.68% obesidad. Los estilos de vida se relacionan con la composición corporal, al cruzarse con FANTASTICO el 1.71% tenían excelentes estilos de vida; en el estudio que validó la herramienta para Colombia el 14% de las mujeres y el 19.3% de los hombres tenían excelentes estilos de vida.
Conclusiones: No existe asociación significativa entre los estilos de vida evaluados por FANTASTICO con las variables demográficas y las medidas de composición corporal.Especialista en Medicina FamiliarEspecializaciónHealthy lifestyles prevent non-communicable diseases. Knowing the body composition and healthy lifestyle habits of family medicine residents could define the need for interventions. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study included 117 residents from 6 family medicine programs. Anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance were taken. The FANTASTICO and the Healthy Lifestyles Survey were applied. Data were processed in STATA 16 to relate body composition and lifestyles.
Results: 65.81% (77) were female, 47.01% (55) had an altered body mass index, 80.35% (94) had inadequate fat values by bioimpedancemetrics, 50.43% (59) had regular or poor lifestyles and 94.8% (111) expressed a desire to implement nutrition education and physical activity in the residence.
Discussion: In Colombia, in 2018, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated at 36.2% and obesity at 21.3% in urban areas. In the study, 33.33% of residents were overweight and 1.68% were obese. Lifestyles are related to body composition, when crossed with FANTÁSTICO, 1.71% had excellent lifestyles; in the study that validated the tool for Colombia, 14% of women and 19.3% of men had excellent lifestyles.
Conclusions: There is no significant association between the lifestyles assessed by FANTASTICO and demographic variables and body composition measures
Prefigurative Politics: Perils and Promise
No full textMany recent social movements have been characterised by their commitment to direct democratic decision-making procedures and leaderless, non-hierarchic organizational structures. This political tendency also implies the search for autonomy from existing political institutions and practises. Movements seek instead to embody in the political action itself the social relations, ways of collective decision-making and values that are ultimately desired for the whole society. This prefigurative approach to social change is often criticized for being naiive or marginal. This thesis argues first that this is not the case, but that prefigurative politics is misunderstood due to its differing view on questions of strategy, organisation and ultimately the possibility of fundamental societal change. The dissertation first outlines the often implicit strategy or vision of change underpinning prefigurative politics. It then identifies as the key challenge for prefigurative movements their ability to avoid reproducing oppressive forms of power, ‘power-over.’ This understudied aspect is investigated through extensive ethnographic field research with the unemployed workers movement, MTD Lanús in Buenos Aires, and the Zapatista movement in Mexico. The thesis concludes that it seems impossible to completely avoid reproducing old forms of power. Often key individuals in the movements end up in a paradoxical position whereby, in an effort to ensure the group’s prefigurative nature, these individuals enjoy non-prefigurative influence. The findings imply that the state and corresponding political forms and practise are not the only source of hierarchic pressures. As such, it would be more useful to view prefigurative political action as desirable, yet impossible
Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textChronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Comparación de la resistencia a esfuerzos tensiles de dientes acrílicos biodent y duratone adheridos a bases acrílicas de alto impacto ivocap y veracril
No full textEl siguiente proyecto busca Comparar la resistencia a los esfuerzos tensiles entre los dientes acrílicos Biodent®-V, Duratone-n® que se encuentran adheridos a bases acrílicas SR Ivocap y Veracril® de alto impacto, y analizar si el desprendimiento de los dientes en las prótesis totales está asociado a la combinación de diferentes marcas comerciales, tendencia muy común en el medio odontológico local; para generar un conocimiento que beneficie decisiones clínicas acertadas y de esta manera proporcionar tratamientos con un menor de fracaso. Se han utilizado diferentes técnicas y materiales para la fabricación de este tipo de prótesis. De los materiales utilizados para la confección de las prótesis las resinas acrílicas son las más populares y las que más desarrollo han presentado desde su introducción en 1937 Entre las ventajas de este material se encuentran: bajo costo, posibilidad de reparación, facilidad de manejo, y buenas propiedades estéticas. En odontología día tras día observamos que el desprendimiento de los dientes acrílicos de las bases protésicas es una de las principales complicaciones en prótesis total. De acuerdo a Patil y colaboradores el 30% de las reparaciones de prótesis totales involucra el desprendimiento de dientes usualmente en la región [email protected]
Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context
No full textSummary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791
