117,396 research outputs found
Analysing the Feasibility of Counterfactual Methods for Estimating Environmental Effects of the CAP.
No full textThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been one of the main pillars in the construction of
the European project. While its fundamental goals remained the same, the policy over the
time adapted to evolving needs: since 2014 specifically with and ever-increasing regard also
towards environmental objectives. This Report aims to assess the feasibility of estimating a
causal relationship between the CAP and environmental outcomes. It offers an assessment of
the present state of both data availability and associated obstacles and deficiencies. Different
counterfactual impact assessment scenarios based on the FADN survey at the European level
are summarised in a set of concise documents, referred to as fiches, which provide details
about the databases and variables to be used, the methods to be applied, and give a judgement
on the current feasibility at different geographical levels within the EU territory. Where
applicable, references to further complementary data sources containing potentially useful
information are outlined
Is Globalization Driving Efficiency? A Threshold Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Modelling Approach
No full textIn an earlier paper the authors proposed a two-step approach to examine dynamic transmission mechanism under which globalization factors foster technology efficiency. In this paper the MSS model is extended by combining a panel threshold regression technique. This threshold stochastic frontier panel data model enables the analysis of regime-specific stochastic frontiers and complex time-varying patterns of technical efficiencies in a robust manner. Using a dataset of 44 countries over 1970–2007, income elasticities of labor and capital and time-varying common efficiencies are found to be substantially different under superior and inferior frontiers. Capital and labor inputs are more productive under superior frontier. More importantly, common efficiencies have steadily increased under superior frontier, but technical efficiency has monotonically decreased for low income countries, supporting the so-called club convergence hypothesis. Furthermore, the VAR-based impulse response analyses suggest that openness factors through FDI and trade help the countries to improve production technology and efficiency position relative to the frontier only after the country has reached a certain level of development
Gravitymodels of interprovincial migration flows in Canada with hierarchical multifactor structure
No full textFollowing recent contributions on migration flows, we contribute to the literature by relaxing restrictions on how multilateral resistance to migration (MRM) may affect province-pair-specific migration flows. We follow recent advancements in the three dimensional (3D) panel data models with a hierarchical multifactor structure and develop the more flexible specification for MRM. In addition to including unobserved global (country) factors with province-pair-specific coefficients, we can control for local origin (destination)-specific factors that have heterogeneous effects on destinations (origins). We apply the 3DCCE estimator advanced by Kapetanios et al. (J Econom, 2020) to an analysis of the determinants of interprovincial migration flows in Canada from 1976 to 2014. In particular, we find that the recent rise in the internal migration flows, registered in Canada from 2009 onwards, is more likely to be associated with the relative income inequality and network presence rather than the conventional long-run determinants such as income and unemployment differentials
New administrative geospatial data for agricultural policy evaluation: an application to EU crop diversity obligations
No full textThis study showcases a new class of administrative, geo-spatial data sourced from agricultural subsidy registers as a powerful tool for agricultural policy evaluation. Beyond full national coverage and accurate identification of land use, the key novel feature of GeoSpatial Aid Application (GSAA) data consists in the ability to link agricultural parcels managed by the same farm, enabling causal analysis at the holding level. Using Spanish GSAA data, we evaluate an EU-wide environmental regulation, also unveiling the occurrence of strategic behaviour among a subgroup of farm holdings. We concisely discuss implications for future research endeavours in the agricultural policy domain
The Causal Effect of Crop Diversification Obligations on Crop Diversity: An EU-level Analysis
No full textThe Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem degradation. Despite its economic significance, the policy's effectiveness across the EU remains largely limited. This study evaluates the impact of the Greening crop diversification requirement on crop diversity itself and on a set of subsequent outcomes, including agricultural land allocation, the economic performance of farms and indirect environmental outcomes. Using farm-level data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (2012-2017), causal relationships are identified, through a design that combines propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, by comparing farms needing to adapt to the new requirements to those who were already compliant. Additionally, a regression discontinuity design estimates local average treatment effects for 2017, thereby exploiting the diversification requirement’s threshold-based design. Both strategies corroborate the conclusion that Greening measures have significantly increased crop diversity across the EU; moreover, results for the remaining farm-level outcomes are consistent with adaptation responses to the new environmental requirements. Overall, the results highlight the policy’s effectiveness in promoting sustainable agriculture throughout the EU
RESEARCH IN LABOUR ECONOMICS
No full textThis paper studies the cross-country differences in conventional measures of inequality of opportunity in Europe in the space of individual disposable incomes. Exploiting two recent waves of the EUSILC database reporting information on family background (2005 and 2011), we provide estimates of inequality of opportunity in about 30 European countries for two sufficiently distant data points, allowing a check of consistency for country rankings. In addition, we exploit two observations available for most of the countries to explore the relationship between many institutional dimensions and inequality of opportunity, finding evidence of negative correlation with educational expenditure (especially at the pre-primary level) and passive labour market policies
Estimation and Inference for Multi-dimensional Heterogeneous Panel Datasets with Hierarchical Multi-factor Error Structure
No full textGiven the growing availability of large datasets and following recent research trends on multi-dimensional modelling, we develop three dimensional (3D) panel data models with hierarchical error components that allow for strong cross-sectional dependence through unobserved heterogeneous global and local factors. We propose consistent estimation procedures by extending the common correlated effects (CCE) estimation approach proposed by Pesaran (2006). The standard CCE approach needs to be modified in order to account for the hierarchical factor structure in 3D panels. Further, we provide the associated asymptotic theory, including new nonparametric variance estimators. The validity of the proposed approach is con…rmed by Monte Carlo simulation studies. We also demonstrate the empirical usefulness of the proposed approach through an application to a 3D panel gravity model of bilateral export flows
Dalla Metrica dei consumi alle capabilities: un'analisi multidimensionale della povertà in Puglia
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