781 research outputs found
Ceramic Complex of the Post-Antiquity Horizon of Trench R-23 of Olbia (based on material from excavations from 2016–2018, 2021)
No full textThe excavations in 2016–2018 and 2021 in the southeastern part of the Olbia citadel (Trench R-23), carried out within the Ukrainian–Polish project of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the National Museum of Warsaw, and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, revealed interesting contexts related to the latest horizon of this site. The ceramic complex of this horizon includes fragments of amphorae, red-slip wares, wheel-thrown greyware pottery and handmade pottery from the 4th to the first half of the 5th centuries. These categories of material are most characteristic of the sites of the Cherniakhiv culture of the North-Western Black Sea region
The system of civil procedural relations
No full textDidenko L. V. The system of civil procedural relations. Juridical scholarly discussions as a factor for the sustainable development of legal doctrine and legislation : collective monograph / S. S. Andreichenko, G. V. Chebotareva, L. V. Didenko, O. S. Kizlova, etc. Lviv-Toruń : Liha-Pres, 2019. - P. 36-50.The article deals with the analysis of the definition of civil procedural relations. Investigates the model of “system of civil procedural relations”. The author states that today the most appropriate and relevant is the concept – the model of the system of civil procedural relations.
The author examines the features of the modern model of the system of civil procedural relations. Notes that the content of the concept of such a model clearly demonstrates the use of all historical background since pre-revolutionary times. The author provides a classification of civil procedural relations.
The author emphasizes that the system of civil procedural relations is independent and individual for each specific case
Private International Space Law. Philosophical and Legal Factors of Approval by the World Community
No full textThis paper reveals the philosophical and legal factors of the private international space law. It is concluded that the world community should develop and approve private international space legislation and law, even before the mass use of space by individuals and colonization of space bodies. It is proved that the research, use and legal protection of outer space, space bodies and space colonization is an objective irrevocable and progressive phenomenon of mankind. It should be implemented on the basis of both public and private international space law. It is revealed that the first is well developed, and the second is at the stage of philosophical and legal approval. The authors emphasize that otherwise; the situation will be able to go beyond the humanistic and legal dimensions. This process might become uncontrollable, lead to space piracy, space wars, violation of people’s right to life and health, violation of property rights, in particular, intellectual property rights
Przeworsk tribes in the western Ukrainian lands in the first centuries AD (according to the materials of funeral sites)
No full textDuring the 1st-3rd centuries AD, waves of migrations repeatedly swept through the area of present-day western Ukraine. As evidenced by archaeological materials, migrations of Dacian and Przeworsk populations at the beginning of the 1st century AD and during the 2nd century led to the formation of the Lipitsa culture in this region, a cultural unit combining ethnic traits of both communities. Turbulent times of the Marcomannic Wars (166–180 AD) and a new wave of Przeworsk culture migration pushed the Lipitsa population out to Dacia. The distribution of archaeological sites from the late 2nd-3rd cent. AD shows that the Danube region was not the only direction of the Przeworsk tribes’ movement, as they also resettled and colonised new territories in the Volhynia, Podolia, and Polesia regions. Thus, the Przeworsk populations migrating to the western Ukraine in the first two centuries AD blended with the Dacian milieu, contributing to the creation of the Lipitsa culture. The Przeworsk populations of the second wave, which moved to the territory of Ukraine towards the end of the 2nd century and in the first half of the 3rd century AD, became the basis and a major component of a new cultural unit: the Chernyakhov culture of the Late Roman Period
How demographic shocks affected the productionfactor income and the institutional path of the Russian pre-industrial economy
No full textThe author considers several Russian cases of population-loss shocks in the 14th - 17th centuries and their consequences for the production-factor markets, comparing them with those in England. The article aims at verifying theoretical ideas and at tracing the institutional path of mediaeval Russia's development based on the empirical data represented in the research works, two chronicles and the legal act (Code of 1649). The author's review of narratives and statistical data contributes to the historical comparative studies of economic systems and of the path dependence in the institutional economic history. The article contributes to the explanation of the causes of the 'Little Divergence' between (North)western and (South)eastern Europe in the 15th - 19th centuries, and of the roots of the 'Great Divergence' between Europe and Asia in the 18th - 20th centuries. The author argues that the empirical evidence from the Soviet Marxist economic historiography is consistent with the recent findings of the neo-Malthusian structural-demographic theory supported by the Cliodynamics school of quantitative history. After the shocks, wages rose in Russia just as in England. The dynamics of the skill premia highlights the background for formation of human capital ingredients in the bowels of the pre-industrial societies. Contrary to England, serfdom, one of the most extractive institutions, remained in Russia as a response of landlords to the pressure from the disadvantageous combination of production-factor incomes, which led to an increase in land rent to wage ratio and to reliance on land-saving (versus labour-saving) technologies in agriculture
Challenges to effective treaty-making in contemporary transnational commercial law: lessons from the Cape Town Convention
No full textThis thesis is the first detailed and comprehensive research of the history of the 2001 Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment (the 'Convention' or 'CTC') and its protocols. It is submitted that the quality of response to the various challenges of the treaty-making process can serve as a measure of a convention's success, and that the unique characteristics of the CTC make it a prime target for such research. The author identifies and analyses the most problematic issues in the process of development of the Convention and its protocols, including the latest draft protocol on mining, agricultural and construction equipment. This research focuses on the documentary history of the CTC and its Aircraft Protocol (as the only protocol currently in force), relying primarily on the materials published by UNIDROIT and other international organisations, and shows that not all of the challenges found an adequate response in the Convention. Nonetheless, the shortcomings pale in comparison with the Convention's achievements: the CTC has created a highly effective machinery for regulating international interests in mobile assets. The author does not perform empirical ex post analysis of implementation of the Cape Town Convention, but this thesis will form a solid background for such research in the future. This study, apart from its scholarly importance, has clear practical value: its conclusions (including a number of treaty-making lessons originating from this research) can assist governmental officials, representatives of international organisations and legal advisors (both external and internal) participating in the treaty-making process and, it is hoped, will strengthen he attractiveness of conventions as an instrument of harmonising commercial law in the future.</p
Challenges to effective treaty-making in contemporary transnational commercial law: lessons from the Cape Town Convention: Documentary history of the Cape Town Convention
No full textThis thesis is the first detailed and comprehensive research of the history of the 2001 Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment (the 'Convention' or 'CTC') and its protocols. It is submitted that the quality of response to the various challenges of the treaty-making process can serve as a measure of a convention's success, and that the unique characteristics of the CTC make it a prime target for such research. The author identifies and analyses the most problematic issues in the process of development of the Convention and its protocols, including the latest draft protocol on mining, agricultural and construction equipment. This research focuses on the documentary history of the CTC and its Aircraft Protocol (as the only protocol currently in force), relying primarily on the materials published by UNIDROIT and other international organisations, and shows that not all of the challenges found an adequate response in the Convention. Nonetheless, the shortcomings pale in comparison with the Convention's achievements: the CTC has created a highly effective machinery for regulating international interests in mobile assets. The author does not perform empirical ex post analysis of implementation of the Cape Town Convention, but this thesis will form a solid background for such research in the future. This study, apart from its scholarly importance, has clear practical value: its conclusions (including a number of treaty-making lessons originating from this research) can assist governmental officials, representatives of international organisations and legal advisors (both external and internal) participating in the treaty-making process and, it is hoped, will strengthen he attractiveness of conventions as an instrument of harmonising commercial law in the future
Artificial intelligence as a judge
No full textTiesību zinātneTiesību zinātneLaw ScienceLaw ScienceTēmas aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka „digitalizācija ir kļuvusi par neatņemamu tiesu varas institūciju darba sastāvdaļu.
Pašlaik nepastāv tiešs tiesiskais regulējums, kas regulē mākslīgā intelekta tiesiskos aspektus. Taču katrai tiesību nozarei raksturīgas savas atsevišķas iezīmes, kas būtu noregulējamas ar mākslīgā intelekta institūta ieviešanu un pielietošanu nozarē. Tāpēc pastāvot un attīstoties mākslīgajam intelektam dažādās tiesību nozarēs, autors uzskata par aktuālu, izpētīt mākslīgā intelekta realizēšanas iespējas tiesnešu lomā, tādejādi raksturojot, kādu ietekmi tas atstātu uz jau spēkā esošajām tiesību normām, kā arī kāds tiesiskais regulējums būtu ieviešams, lai mākslīgā intelekta institūtu nostiprinātu tiesu sistēmā.The topicality of the topic is determined by the fact that "digitalization has become an integral part of the work of judicial authorities. There is currently no direct legal framework governing the legal aspects of artificial intelligence. However, each branch of law has its own individual characteristics, which should be regulated by the introduction and application of the Institute of Artificial Intelligence in the sector. Therefore, with the existence and development of artificial intelligence in various branches of law, the author considers it relevant to explore the possibilities of implementing artificial intelligence in the role of judges, thus describing what impact it would have on the legal norms already in force, as well as what legal regulation should be implemented to strengthen the institute of artificial intelligence in the judicial system
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CORN GRAIN CULTIVATION WITH THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF TILLAGE AND IRRIGATION
No full textIn the context of climate change, there is a growing need to study the impact of environmental factors on plant life. This, in turn, will allow the reasonable use of agricultural techniques, to form high-yielding crops, and increase crop productivity. The following variants of tillage and irrigation technologies were included in the research scheme (i) conventional tillage without irrigation; (ii) no-till without irrigation; (iii) no-till with drip irrigation system; (iv) no-till with system of subsoil drip irrigation. Corn yield varied significantly from the studied factors of cultivation technology. The highest productivity of 12.1 t/ha was obtained under no-till with a system of subsurface drip irrigation and 12.0 t/ha under no-till with drip irrigation system. During the statistical processing of the obtained experimental data, no significant difference between the studied variants was found. Carrying out an economic analysis of corn growing in the arid climate of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine testifies to the high efficiency of application of the new tillage and irrigation systems in the cultivation technology. The application of no-till with drip irrigation system allowed to obtain grain with a cost of 3.72 UAH/t, to obtain a profit of 50.13 UAH/ha with a level of production profitability of 112.2%. It should be noted that the use of no-till with system of subsoil drip irrigation led to slightly lower indicators of economic efficiency of corn cultivation, under which the level of production profitability was 109.0%
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