758 research outputs found
Shareholder Access to Manager-Biased Courts and the Monitoring/Litigation Tradeoff
No full textAdequate access to courts by minority shareholders is commonly viewed as an important element of a good corporate governance system. Should shareholders be provided with easy access to courts when judges are unlikely to punish opportunistic managers? It might seem that having an extra instrument of protection is always better as long as it provides some protection against managerial self-dealing. We present a model, which shows that facilitating shareholder litigation in a system where courts are biased towards managers can actually lower efficiency, as it can lead to either excessive litigation or excessive monitoring of managers by shareholders. The latter effect arises when litigation is very costly for the firm, but cheap for an individual shareholder. In this case, easy litigation does not lead to a greater reliance on the judiciary and results in more, rather than less, concentrated ownership. This is the effect of the optimal adjustment of the ownership structure to an increase in shareholders’ willingness to bring suits when courts are manager-biased. Our model implies that removing impediments to shareholder litigation in countries where courts are reluctant to protect shareholders may increase the cost of corporate governance there.corporate governance, shareholder protection, shareholder litigation, monitoring, biased courts
The history of the formation and development of microbiology at Saratov State University
No full textThe review presents the origins of the study of microbiology at the Saratov State University, the formation and development from the establishment of the Department of Microbiology at Saratov University in 1918 under the leadership of Alexei Ilyich Berdnikov to the educational and scientifi c-practical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology at the present time. The history of the department is closely connected with the activities of outstanding microbiologists Alexander Alexandrovich Bogomolets, Sergey Mikhailovich Nikanorov, the fi rst head of the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Biology of SSU – Albert Reingoldovich Werner, heads of the Department Maria Petrovna Gnutenko, Marina Konstantinovna Shcheglova, Pavel Abramovich Chirov, who formed the main directions of scientifi c research. Pages of the history of our country were refl ected in the life of the staff of the department: the repressions of the 1930s, the deportation of the Volga Germans in 1941, the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. In 1955 The Department of Microbiology is combined with the Department of Plant Anatomy and Physiology. The department has become the cradle of scientifi c and educational departments of Saratov institutions – the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics of SSU, the Department of Microbiology of SSMU, the Federal State Institution of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of Rospotrebnadzor. Currently, scientifi c and pedagogical activities of the Department of Microbiology and Plant Physiology of the SSU N. G. Chernyshevsky is provided by the head of the department Sergey Alexandrovich Stepanov, doсents Alexandra Mikhailovna Peterson, Elena Vladimirovna Glinskaya, Denis Valeryevich Utkin, Valeria Valeryevna Korobko, Mikhail Yuryevich Kasatkin
Self-assessment of psychic and psychical qualities by future teachers and pedagogic-psychologists
No full textСтепанов Владимир Алексеевич. Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры общей психологии Южно-Уральского государственного университета:[email protected]. Vladimir A. Stepanov. Candidate of pedagogical sciences, docent of department of general psychology of South Ural University: [email protected].Обсуждаются результаты сравнительного исследования самооценки будущих
учителей и педагогов-психологов. Обнаружено очевидное предпочтение в
развитии волевых качеств за счет относительного обесценивания социальных.
Наиболее ярко это выражено у педагогов-психологов и юношей-педагогов. Все
студенты отдают явное предпочтение развитию психологических качеств перед
телесными (физическими) качествами. The author compares the data of the experimental studies on self-assessment of psychic and psychical qualities by future teachers and pedagogic-psychologists. He comes to the conclusion that the development and formation of selfesteem is an important condition of individuality development. The author considers the creation of favorable conditions for the formation and development of self-esteem to be an important goal for educative system
Activities of the architect and artist I. S. Stepanov on Sakhalin Island
No full textThe article reflects intermediate results of the research project “Architects and Engineers of Eastern Outskirts of Russia (Second Half of XIX – Beginning of XX Century)”. On the basis of archival material obtained from the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East (RSHA FE), the author describes the creative and professional activities on the island of Sakhalin performed by Ivan Stepanovich Stepanov, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, architect and artist
Properties of magnetic energy and magnetic helicity cascades in MHD turbulence
No full textMagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is an important part of astrophysical processes, which gives rise to global cosmic magnetic fields. Over the last few decades, the peculiarities of MHD turbulence have attracted the interest of researchers in astrophysics and fluid dynamics, significant attention has been paid to the role of magnetic helicity in fully developed MHD turbulence. Magnetic helicity, together with the energy and cross-helicity, is one of the three integrals of motion in ideal MHD. We show that oppositely directed fluxes of energy and magnetic helicity coexist in the inertial range in fully developed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence with small-scale sources of magnetic helicity. Using a helical shell model of MHD turbulence, we study the high Reynolds number magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with well separated scales of energy input, magnetic helicity input and magnetic helicity sink. We obtain three inertial ranges with different scaling properties. In a short range of scales larger than the forcing scale of magnetic helicity, a bottleneck-like effect appears, which results in a local reduction of the spectral slope. The slope changes in a domain with a high level of relative magnetic helicity, which determines that part of the magnetic energy related to the helical modes at a given scale. In the infrared part of the spectra we observe simultaneous inverse cascade of energy and magnetic helicity. Our results indicate that a large-scale dynamo can be affected by the magnetic helicity generated at small scales. The kinetic helicity, in particular, is not involved in the process at all
Vadlazarenkovite, Pd8Bi1.5Te1.25As0.25, a new mineral isotypic with mertieite from the Konder massif, Far East, Russia
No full textThe new mineral vadlazarenkovite, ideally Pd8Bi1.5Te1.25As0.25, was discovered in a heavy concentrate obtained from ore samples collected at the Anomal'noe occurrence, Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Khabarovsk Krai, Far East, Russia. It occurs as anhedral grains up to 0.15 × 0.15 mm intergrown with vysotskite and associates with numerous platinum-group elements (PGE) bearing minerals (arsenopalladinite, ezochiite, hollingworthite, kotulskite, norilskite, polarite, skaergaardite, sobolevskite, sperrylite, törnroosite, zvyagintsevite etc.). Vadlazarenkovite is grey, opaque with metallic luster, brittle tenacity and uneven fracture. No cleavage and parting are observed. The Vickers' micro-indentation hardness (VHN, 50 g load) is 424 kg/mm2 (range 406-443, n = 4), corresponding to a Mohs' hardness of 4.5-5. Dcalc. = 11.947 g/cm3. In reflected light, vadlazarenkovite is white with pale creamy hue. The bireflectance is weak in air and noticeable in oil immersion. In crossed nicols the new mineral exhibits distinct anisotropy in grey tones. The reflectance values for wavelengths recommended by the Commission on Ore Mineralogy of the International Mineralogical Association are (Rmin/Rmax, %): 47.2/47.8 (470 nm), 49.1/50.8 (546 nm), 50.7/52.6 (589 nm) and 52.4/54.6 (650 nm). The chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe data, mean of 6 analyses) is: Pd 63.67, Ag 2.21, As 1.27, Sb 0.60, Te 11.26, Pb 2.56, Bi 19.95, total 101.51. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 11 atoms per formula unit is (Pd7.87Ag0.27)Σ8.14 (Bi1.26Te1.16As0.22Pb0.16Sb0.06)Σ2.86. Vadlazarenkovite is trigonal, space group R3c, a = 7.7198(2), c = 43.1237(11) Å, V = 2225.66(13) Å3 and Z = 12. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 2.308 (55) (1 1 15), 2.262 (100) (2 0 14), 2.232 (70) (3 0 0), 2.040 (70) (1 1 18). The crystal structure of vadlazarenkovite was refined to R1 = 0.0267 for 761 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). The new mineral is isotypic with mertieite. It honors Professor Vadim Grigorievich Lazarenkov (1933-2014) for his outstanding contributions to the geology, geochemistry and mineralogy of platinum-group elements
The Paris Commune in Russian historiography: power, mistakes, and damages according to the ideas of Lenin and Skvortsov-Stepanov
No full text<p>After more than one hundred fifty years, the topic of the Paris Commune as a first example of a new form of government, even if it eventually proved to be fragile, is still worth scientific attention. The following work presents an outline of the moments that marked the beginning and the end of the Paris Commune, focusing on the impression perceived by V.I. Lenin and I. I. Skvortsov-Stepanov in Russian historiography about some of the structural characteristics and contradictions of this new politic and social phenomenon. The author starts from the political and economic background of France before the Franco-Prussian War, moving then on to the considerations of Lenin, as one of the most influent thinkers of pre-Soviet Russia, and Skvortsov-Stepanov, as one of the first Soviet scholars who investigated the causes and the damages suffered by Paris as an aftermath of the suppression of the Paris Commune. In the following work, the author illustrates a generous number of extracts in original language complete with professional translation. </p>
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