33 research outputs found
Signal Transition Graphs for Asynchronous Data Path Circuits
No full textThe paper proposes a method for constructing signal transition graphs (STGs), which are directly mapped into asynchronous circuits for data processing. The advantage of the proposed method is that the resulting circuits are not only output-persistent, but also conformant to the environment. In other approaches, the environment is specified implicitly and/or inexactly and therefore they guarantee only output persistence. The conformation can be verified if both the circuit and its environment are specified by STGs. As an example, we consider a module realizing the function AND2. This module can either wait for both 1s or evaluate the function as soon as at least one 0 arrives. For each case, we draw up a separate STG (scenario) and map it into NCL gates. To provide such a mapping, we specify the behaviors of NCL gates by STG protocols. For data path, such an STG always contains alternative branches with the so-called garbage transitions at the gate inputs. The garbage transitions on a certain wire mean that the circuit is sensitive to the delay in this wire. Ignoring the garbage may lead to a violation of conformation or/and output persistence. For example, in the combinational part of the NCL circuits, the garbage appears on the inputs of NCL gates, and therefore these circuits are not delay insensitive
ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SERVICES SPHERE IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIA JOINING WTO
No full textThe article views the institutional transformations of international services sphere under liberalization. The author puts forward a hypothesis of the priority of the institutional environment forming for efficient foreign trade policy during the country joining WTO
Off-pump myocardial revascularization safety aspects in combined operations on patients with ischemic heart disease complicated by ischemic mitral regurgitation
No full text<p><strong>Aim.</strong> The issues of safety of off-pump myocardial revascularization in patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation remain insufficiently studied. Control of transport and oxygen consumption allows one to assess some of the safety aspects of this technique. The study was designed to evaluate the safety of myocardial revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass in a combined operation for patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation and a similar operation under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia by assessment of the main parameters of transport and oxygen consumption.<br /><strong>Methods.</strong> Forty-two adult patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting in combination with mitral annuloplasty were randomized into two groups: off-pump (22 patients) and on-pump (20 patients). In the off-pump group, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed on a beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas in the on-pump group it was conventional coronary artery bypass grafting on a cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiac arrest. The coronary artery bypass grafting stage was performed before intervention on the mitral valve.<br /><strong>Results.</strong> On completion of the coronary artery bypass grafting stage, the cardiac index, the oxygen delivery index and the blood lactate level in the off-pump group were lower than those in the on-pump group by 20%, 17% and 100% (p = 0.01, 0.02, 0.003), respectively, while the consumption index and oxygen extraction were higher by 17% and 94% (p = 0.016 and 0.0001), respectively. In the off-pump group, the oxygen consumption index remained stable at all stages of the operation and the C-reactive protein level tended to decrease between 10–14 days after surgery (p = 0.13).<br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Implementation of off-pump coronary surgery in a combined operation for patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation does not lead to disruption of transport and oxygen consumption, does not exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response and can be considered a safe method for this category of patients.</p><p>Received 5 April 2017. Revised 21 July 2017. Accepted 24 July 2017.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong><br />Conception and study design: A.S. Zavolozhin, A.N. Shonbin<br />Data collection and analysis: A.S. Zavolozhin, D.O. Bystrov, M.V. Elizarov, G.A. Ivanov <br />Drafting the article: A.S. Zavolozhin<br />Critical revision of the article: A.N. Shonbin, D.O. Bystrov<br />Final approval of the version to be published: A.N. Shonbin</p><p><strong>Acknowledgement:</strong> The authors express their gratitude to the staff of cardiac surgeons of City Hospital No. 1 (Arkhangelsk) for collaboration and support in doing this research.</p></jats:p
Molecular aggregation of ionic liquid (methyl-octyl imidazolium chloride) in aqueous glycerol solutions
No full textIonic liquids (IL) are often referred to as organic compounds consisting of a cation and an organic
or non-organic anion, having a melting point below 100°C. Cations determine the physical properties
of IL (melting point, viscosity, density), whereas anions determine chemical properties. Since
the physical and chemical properties of ILs can be adapted to the specific conditions by careful
selection of cations and anions, IL has become widely used in a variety of scientific and industrial
applications. This research is part of a program devoted to the study of the effects of glycerol on
the micellization of IL in aqueous solutions that is of great interest for cosmetology, pharmaceutical
and other industries. Significant work in this research has been undertaken and the results are
summarized in the present paper. The research of the system IL — glycerol — heavy water was
conducted using NMR technique. Existence of molecular aggregates in glycerol-water media was
confirmed. Isotopic exchange of H↔D was investigated. The micellization concentration range
for this system was obtained. Refs 42. Figs 13.По материалам 12-й Зимней молодёжной школы-конференции «Магнитный резонанс и его приложения. Spinus-2015», 15–21 ноября 2015 г., СПбГУ, Санкт-Петербург, Россия, URL: http://nmr.phys.spbu.ru/spinus.
Школа-конференция проведена при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных
исследований (проект № 15-32-10480) и OOO «Брукер».
Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РФФИ № 16-03-00723A
Author may not have any open access publications deposited in the University of Lodz Repository. The list of publications associated with the author's ORCID profile can be viewed at: https://orcid.org/ or by clicking on the ORCID icon.
No full textMovement and Immobility in V. Ivanov’s Poetic World
No full textРассматривается пространство в поэзии Вяч. Иванова, организованное таким образом, что его предметность непрерывно «перерастает» самое себя, словно бы смещаясь из области материально-вещественной, в которой допускается возможность движения, в сферу бестелесного существования, где «внешнее», экстенсивное движение прекращается, но в то же время актуализируется динамика иного - «внутреннего», идеального - порядка. Рассматривается возникающий при этом эффект «движения в неподвижности», или даже «неподвижного движения», когда его субъект, лирический герой, пребывая в покое, тем не менее сохраняет способность восходить ко все более совершенным состояниям своего и мирового бытия. Используется метод феноменологического анализа. В качестве материала выбраны стихотворения из разных поэтических книг Вячеслава Иванова.The author explores the space in Vyacheslav Ivanov’s poetry, so organized that its subjectness gradually turns into its own self, as if shifting from the material sphere where there exists the possibility of movement into the sphere of incorporeal existence, where the extensive outer movement ceases, actualizing the new i nner i deal dynamics. The author analyzes the emerging effect of “movement in immobility”, or even “motionless movement” when its subject, the lyrical hero, though being at rest, preserves the capability to ascend to a more and more perfect state of his own and the world’s being. For their research, the author employs the method of phenomenological analysis made with reference to poems from various books by Vyacheslav Ivanov
Графы сигнальных переходов для схем асинхронного тракта данных
No full textThe paper proposes a method for constructing signal transition graphs (STGs), which are directly mapped into asynchronous circuits for data processing. The advantage of the proposed method is that the resulting circuits are not only output-persistent, but also conformant to the environment. In other approaches, the environment is specified implicitly and/or inexactly and therefore they guarantee only output persistence. The conformation can be verified if both the circuit and its environment are specified by STGs. As an example, we consider a module realizing the function AND2. This module can either wait for both 1s or evaluate the function as soon as at least one 0 arrives. For each case, we draw up a separate STG (scenario) and map it into NCL gates. To provide such a mapping, we specify the behaviors of NCL gates by STG protocols. For data path, such an STG always contains alternative branches with the so-called garbage transitions at the gate inputs. The garbage transitions on a certain wire mean that the circuit is sensitive to the delay in this wire. Ignoring the garbage may lead to a violation of conformation or/and output persistence. For example, in the combinational part of the NCL circuits, the garbage appears on the inputs of NCL gates, and therefore these circuits are not delay insensitive.В статье предлагается метод построения графов сигнальных переходов (STG), которые напрямую отображаются в схемы асинхронной обработки данных. Преимуществом предлагаемого метода является то, что полученные схемы не только неизменны по выходу (output-persistent), но и конформны внешней среде. В других подходах среда задаётся неявно и/или неточно, и поэтому они гарантируют только неизменность по выходу. Конформность можно проверить, если как схема, так и её внешняя среда заданы STG. В качестве примера мы рассматриваем модуль, реализующий функцию 2И. Этот модуль может либо ожидать лог. 1 на обоих входах, либо вычислить функцию, как только придёт хотя бы один 0. Для каждого случая мы составляем отдельный STG (сценарий) и отображаем его в элементы NCL. Чтобы обеспечить такое отображение, мы задаём поведение NCL элементов STG протоколами . Для тракта данных такой STG всегда содержит альтернативные ветви с так называемыми мусорными переключениями на входах элементов. Мусорные переключения на определенном проводе означают, что схема чувствительна к задержке в этом проводе. Игнорирование мусора может привести к нарушению конформности и/или неизменности по выходу. Например, в комбинационной части NCL схем мусор появляется на входах NCL элементов, поэтому эти схемы чувствительны к задержкам
