343 research outputs found
Is it Possible to Predict Benefit from 5FU Adjuvant Therapy in Stage III Colon Cancer Patients?
No full textL'abstract non è disponibile in quanto trattasi di un articolo a commento di un lavoro pubblicato sulla rivista
Diagnostic Tools for Borrelia Assessment in Humans
No full textAlthough the etiological agent of Lyme disease has been known since 1980s, diagnosis of Lyme disease is still a controversial topic because of the wide range of clinical manifestations and the limited diagnostic tools available to assess Borrelia in humans.
The most used diagnostic tool for Lyme disease is currently serology, but also Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other methods are often used to prove Borrelia infection in different patients’ specimens. The present article deals with most of the diagnostic tools used in clinical practice for Lyme disease detection in human samples. Direct and indirect specific methods for Borrelia infection detection will be discussed.
The most recent peer reviewed publications as well as original results from our study and information provided by companies’ web sites have been analyzed to compile this review article
RNA quantitative analysis from fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues: Membrane hybridization and capillary electrophoresis
No full textFixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from pathology department archives are available for RNA expression analysis. We describe a general method for quantitation of specific RNA sequence extracted from single 6-8-μ human histological tissue sections cut from paraffin blocks. For each specific mRNA, the range of linear relationship between the log of the initial total RNA concentration and the log of the specific product after reverse transcription (RT)-PCR must be established. We usually perform RT with avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV)-RT, using specific antisence primers and a variable number of cycles of PCR amplification. The number of cycles must be adjusted within the range in which a linear relationship exists between the log of the amount of amplification product and the number of cycles. The quantity of specific product is standardized relative to β-actin mRNA to normalize for the degree of RNA degradation, which can be quite different among samples. The amplification products were quantified by dot blot and 32P-labeled hybridization probe or by capillary electrophoresis with a laser-induced fluorescence detector. The intratest variation range was for the dot blot mean ± 10% standard deviation (SD) and for the capillary electrophoresis mean ± 3% SD
A Practical Approach to Tumor Heterogeneity in Clinical Research and Diagnostics
No full textThis Pathobiology issue tries to better define the complex phenomenon of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), mostly from a practical point of view. All this because ITH represents a central issue in oncology development and has to be investigated directly in patients’ tissues with immediate application to today patient’s treatment.
Different types of ITH should be considered: the clonal genetic and epigenetic evolution, the morphologic heterogeneity and tumor sampling, the heterogeneity from micro-environmental autocrine and paracrine interaction and the stochastic plasticity related to different functional cell efficiencies.
For a higher level of reproducibility in clinical research and diagnostics it is necessary to establish standardized analytical methods, included microdissection. In situ techniques can be pivotal to explore tumor micro-environment and can be ameliorated with associated digital analysis. Liquid biopsies for plasma DNA analysis are at present the best method to study recurrent tumors with treatment adaptation and a diffuse clinical use could be beneficial.
The different types of tumor genomic instabilities could have a pragmatic application to rank ITH for clinical applications: patients with high nucleotide mutation rate can have different treatment approaches than patients with high copy number alterations
NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION METHODS FROM FIXED AND PARAFFIN EMBEDDED TISSUES IN CANCER DIAGNOSTICS
No full textDiagnostic tests, based on nucleic acids extracts from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues (FFPE) now becoming increasingly common due the introduction of biological agents for cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the FFPE tissues are heterogeneous in terms of processing and type of tissue and this has an impact on downstream molecular techniques, especially RNA based .The present review deals with most of the variables connected to the extraction of nucleic acids from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues, ranging from the tissue processing to the quality control of extracts.
The most recent peer reviewed publications (mostly published in the past 5 years) and information provided by company web sites have been analysed to compile this review
Analisi qualitativa e quantitativa dell'RNA su tessuti fissati e inclusi in paraffina
No full textNo abstract availabl
Componente RNA della telomerasi ed evolutività delle Iesioni precancerose
No full textNo Abstract availabl
RNA quantitative analysis from fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: membrane hybridization and capillary electrophoresis
No full text- …
